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Coordinate Geometry

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Mak Ka Ki Stephen
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43 views45 pages

Coordinate Geometry

Uploaded by

Mak Ka Ki Stephen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CO ORDINATE

GEOMETRY
TEACHER’S
REMINDER
Remember to have the following
tools ready before starting your
lesson:
1. YoTeach chatroom
2. Realtimeboard
3. Badaboom Quiz

(see lesson plan for details)


CO ORDINATE
GEOMETRY
LESSON OBJECTIVES
☐ Identify the coordinates of a point on a plane
☐ Calculate the distance between two points on a plane
☐ Find the mid-point between two points on a plane
CLASS ACTIVITY:
REALTIMEBOARD
• Choose a boat sticker and place on
the coordinate plane.
POINTS AND THEIR COORDINATES
Cartesian Plane
René Descartes (1596-1650)
POINTS AND THEIR COORDINATES
Cartesian Plane
René Descartes (1596-1650)
y axis

origin
x axis
CARTESIAN PLANE
• This plane is divided into 4
quadrants.
II I

III IV
CARTESIAN PLANE
• Points in this plane come in
(5, 6) ordered pairs.

• They are plotted according to


its x- and y-coordinates.

• Example: ( 5 , 6 )
CARTESIAN PLANE
• Points in this plane come in
(5, 6) ordered pairs.

6
• They are plotted according to
its x- and y-coordinates.
5
• Example: ( 5 , 6 )

y-coordinate
x-coordinate
PLOT THE FOLLOWING POINTS
• E(5, 0)
• F(0, 6)
• G(– 7, 0)
• H(0, – 3)
PLOT THE FOLLOWING POINTS
• E(5, 0)
F(0, 6) • F(0, 6)
• G(– 7, 0)
• H(0, – 3)
E(5, 0)

G(– 7, 0) • These points all lie on the


H(0, – 3)
axes, not in quadrants. What
do you notice about their
coordinates?
PLOT THE FOLLOWING POINTS
• A (– 4, 6)
• B (2, – 3)
• C (– 6, – 4)
• D (7, 3)
PLOT THE FOLLOWING POINTS
A(– 4, 6) • A (– 4, 6)
• B (2, – 3)
D(7, 3)
• C (– 6, – 4)
• D (7, 3)

B(2, – 3)
C(– 6, – 4)
PLOT THE FOLLOWING POINTS
A(– 4, 6) • A (– 4, 6)
• B (2, – 3)
D(7, 3)
• C (– 6, – 4)
• D (7, 3)

• These points all lie in different


B(2, – 3) quadrants. What do you notice
C(– 6, – 4)
about their coordinates?
THE DISTANCE
FORMULA
THE DISTANCE FORMULA
• We know on a 1-dimensional number line, the distance between
points a and b is:
! ", $ = $ − "

• What about the distance between 2 points on a 2D plane?


THE DISTANCE FORMULA
• We ‘ll need a formula for the distance !(#, %) between two
points #('( , )( ) and %('* , )* ) in the plane.

• Let’s try to graph it:


THE DISTANCE FORMULA
• Starting with our 2 points A
and B, let’s form a right
triangle from these points.

• Let this right angle be C.


THE DISTANCE FORMULA
• The distance between
!(#$ , &$ ) and ((#) , &$ ) on
the horizontal line is
#) − #$ .

• The distance between


+(#) , &) ) ) and ((#) , &$ ) on
the vertical line is &) − &$ .
THE DISTANCE FORMULA
• Since this is a right triangle, we
can now use Pythagorean
Theorem to calculate ! ", $ :

! ", $ = '( − '* ( + ,( − ,* (

= '( − '* ( + ,( − ,* (
THE DISTANCE FORMULA
• Therefore, the distance between the points !(#$ , &$ ) and
((#) , &) ) in the plane is:

* !, ( = #) − #$ ) + &) − &$ )
EXERCISE 1 – FINDING THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 POINTS
• Find the distance between the points A(2, 5) and B(4, –1).
EXERCISE 1 – FINDING THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 POINTS
• Find the distance between the points A(2, 5) and B(4, –1).

• Using the Distance Formula, we have:


! ", $ = &' − &) ' + +' − +) '

= 4−2 ' + −1 − 5 '

= 2' + −6 '
= 4 + 36
= 40 ≈ 6.32
EXERCISE 1 – FINDING THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 POINTS
• We see that the distance between points A and B is
approximately 6.32.
EXERCISE 2 – APPLYING THE
DISTANCE FORMULA
• Which of the points P(1, –2) or Q(8, 9) is closer to the point
A(5, 3) ?
EXERCISE 2 – APPLYING THE
DISTANCE FORMULA
• Which of the points P(1, –2) or Q(8, 9) is closer to the point
A(5, 3) ?

• By the Distance Formula, we have:


! ", $ = 5−1 ) + 3 − (−2) ) = 4) + 5) = 41
! 0, $ = 5−8 ) + 3−9 ) = (−3)) +(−6)) = 45
EXERCISE 2 – APPLYING THE
DISTANCE FORMULA

• This shows that ! ", $ < ! &, $

• So, P is closer to A.
THE MIDPOINT
FORMULA
THE MIDPOINT FORMULA
• This formula will allow us to find the midpoint M of a line
segment from point !(#$ , &$ ) and ((#) , &) ).
THE MIDPOINT FORMULA
• We start with our line segment from !(#$ , &$ ) and ((#) , &) ),
with midpoint *(#, &) .

• Form 2 right triangles APM


and MQB. Note these are
congruent because:
– d(A, M) = d(M, B)
– The corresponding angles are
equal.
THE MIDPOINT FORMULA
• Hence,
! ", $ = ! &, '
( − (* = (+ − (
2( = (* + (+
(* + (+
(=
2

/0 1/2
Similarly, . = .
+
THE MIDPOINT FORMULA
• The midpoint of a line segment from point !(#$ , &$ ) and
( #) , &) is:

#$ + #) &$ + &)
,
2 2
EXERCISE 3 – FINDING THE
MIDPOINT
• Find the midpoint of the line segment that joins the
points (–2, 5) and (4, 9).
EXERCISE 3 – FINDING THE
MIDPOINT
• Find the midpoint of the line segment that joins the
points (–2, 5) and (4, 9).

−2 + 4 5 + 9
, = (1, 7)
2 2
CLASS ACTIVITY:
BADABOOM &
REALTIMEBOARD
• Coordinate Geometry Quiz

• Attack a coordinate if you get a


question right!
CHALLENGE:
REGIONS ON THE
COORDINATE PLANE
EXERCISE 4 – GRAPHING REGIONS IN
THE COORDINATE PLANE

• Describe and sketch the regions given by each set:

(a) {(x, y) | x ≥ 0}
(b) {(x, y) | y = 1}
(c) {(x, y) | |y| < 1}
ANSWER 4A
{(x, y) | x ≥ 0}

• The points whose x-coordinates are 0


or positive lie on the y-axis
or to the right of it.
ANSWER 4B
{(x, y) | y = 1}

• The set of all points with a


y-coordinate of 1 is a horizontal line
one unit above the x-axis.
ANSWER 4C
{(x, y) | |y| < 1}

• Recall that: |y| < 1 if and only if –1 < y < 1

• So, the given region consists of those points in the plane whose
y-coordinates lie between –1 and 1.
ANSWER 4C
{(x, y) | |y| < 1}

• Thus, the region consists of all points


that lie between (but not on) the
horizontal lines y = 1 and y = –1.
• We use dotted lines to indicate that
the points on these lines are not
included in the set.
CLASS ACTIVITY:
YOTEACH!
• Reflection: What have you learnt
today?
LESSON OBJECTIVES
☑ Identify the coordinates of a point on a plane
☑ Calculate the distance between two points on a plane
☑ Find the mid-point between two points on a plane
CO ORDINATE
GEOMETRY

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