24CSE0104 - Programming for Engineering Problem Solving

Practical File

Bachelor of Engineering
Electrical Engineering

SUBMITTED BY
Vardaan Palta
2410996645

SUBMITTED TO
Dr. Abhishlipa Nandini
Assistant Professor

July – December 2024

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, CUIET-AE

CHITKARA UNIVERSITY, PUNJAB

1 | Page
 INDEX
S.No. Title Page Date Signature
1. Exercise 1: Write a C++ program to print 5-6
“Ohm’s Law states that, At constant
temperature, the electrical current(I)
flowing through a fixed linear resistance(R)
is directly proportional to the voltage(V)
applied across it.”
2. Exercise 2: Write a C++ program to print 7-8
Wire size selection table.
3. Exercise 3: Write a program that calculates 9-10
and displays the total resistance of a series
and parallel circuit.
4. Exercise 4: Write a program to calculate 11-
voltage across a resistor using Ohm’s law. 12
5. Exercise 5: Write a program for calculating 13-
power in an electrical circuit. 14
6. Exercise 6: Write a program to calculate 15-
RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage from 16
peak voltage using the square root function
(sqrt).
7. Exercise 7: Write a program to calculates 17-
the frequency of an RC circuit. 18
8. Exercise 8: Write a program to calculate 19-
the resonant frequency of an LC circuit 20
(inductor-capacitor circuit).
9. Exercise 9: Write a program to calculate 21-
the frequency of an AC voltage signal. 22
10. Exercise 10: Write a program to calculate 23-
the voltage across an inductor based on its 24
inductance and the rate of change of
current.
11. Exercise 11: Write a program to calculate 25-
the roots of a quadratic equation using 26
decision control statements in perspective
to work with the all the cases whether the

2 | Page
 equation gives a real, imaginary or equal
roots.
12. Exercise 12: Simulate the control of an 27-
LED (ON/OFF) using if-else statements. 28
13. Exercise 13: Write a program to simulate 29-
the charging process of a capacitor and 30
uses an if statement to check whether the
capacitor is fully charged or still charging
based on the calculated voltage.
14. Exercise 14: Write a program which uses 31-
cascading if and else if statements to 32
determine the warning level based on the
entered temperature.
15. Exercise 15: Write a program using a 33-
switch statement to control the direction of 34
a motor based on the user's input.
16. Exercise 16: Write a program using 35-
a switch statement to control a 36
voltage regulator based on a control
signal.
17. Exercise 17: Write a program using 37-
cascading if and else if statements to 38
determine the speed level of a motor based
on RPM.
18. Exercise 18: Write a program for Metric 39-
Conversions of Various Properties: 40
Temperature, Length, Energy and Power
using switch statement.
19. Exercise 19- Write program showcases the 41-
use of iterative statements (for loop), to 43
create a basic circuit analysis tool.
20. Exercise 20: Given a resistor with a 44-
constant resistance, calculate the voltage 45
across the resistor for a range of currents.

21. Exercise 21: Write a program to calculate 46-

the charging of a capacitor in an RC circuit 47
at different time intervals of 10
3 | Page
 milliseconds.
22. Exercise 22: Write a program for voltage 48-
across the capacitor at any given time can 49
be calculated using the formula:
V(t)=Vmax × (1-e-t/RC)
23. Exercise 23: Create a C++ program to store 50-
and manipulate an array of voltages in a 51
circuit. The program should calculate the
total, average, minimum and maximum
voltage values using 1D arrays, allowing
for effective analysis and management of
voltage data within the circuit.
24. Exercise 24: Calculate Total Resistance of 52-
Resistors in Series Using Dynamic 53
Memory Allocation
25. Exercise 25: Calculate Power Dissipated by 54-
a Resistor Using Call by Reference 55
26. Exercise 26: Write a C++ program that 56-
accepts a string input representing the type 57
of circuit (e.g., "Series", "Parallel") and
calculate total resistance.
27. Exercise 27: Write a C++ program to 58-
convert lowercase letters to uppercase 59
letters in a given input string.
28. Exercise 28: Write a C++ program to use 60-
String functions length, at, append, 63
compare, substr, find, replace using switch.
29. Exercise 29: Write a C++ program to create 64-
a file that stores the resistance, current, and 66
voltage values of a circuit.

4 | Page
 Exercise 1:

Aim:

Write a C++ program to print “Ohm’s Law states that, At constant

temperature, the electrical current(I) flowing through a fixed linear
resistance(R) is directly proportional to the voltage(V) applied across
it.”

Program:
#include
<iostream> using
namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Ohm's Law states that, at constant temperature, the
electrical current (I) flowing through a fixed linear resistance (R) is
directly
proportional to the voltage (V) applied across it." <<
endl; return 0;

5 | Page
Ouput:

6 | Page
 Exercise 2:
Aim:
Write a C++ program to print Wire size selection table.

Program:

#include
<iostream> using
namespace std; int
main() {
cout << "Wire Size Selection Table" << endl;
cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
cout << "Gauge\tAmpacity (A)" << endl;
cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
cout << "14 AWG\t15" <<
endl; cout << "12 AWG\t20"
<< endl; cout << "10 AWG\
t30" << endl; cout << "8
AWG\t40" << endl; cout << "6
AWG\t55" << endl; cout << "4
AWG\t70" << endl; cout << "2
AWG\t95" << endl; cout << "1
AWG\t110" << endl;
cout << "1/0 AWG\t125" <<
endl; cout << "2/0 AWG\t145"
<< endl; return 0;
}

7 | Page
Output:

8 | Page
 Exercise 3:

Aim:
Write a program that calculates and displays the total resistance of a
series and parallel circuit.

Program:
#include
<iostream> using
namespace std; int
main() {
double R1, R2, R3;
cout << "Enter resistance of R1 (in
ohms): "; cin >> R1;
cout << "Enter resistance of R2 (in
ohms): "; cin >> R2;
cout << "Enter resistance of R3 (in
ohms): "; cin >> R3;
double totalSeriesResistance = R1 + R2 + R3;
double totalParallelResistance = 1 / (1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3);
cout << "\nTotal Resistance in Series: " << totalSeriesResistance
<< " ohms" << endl;
cout << "Total Resistance in Parallel: " << totalParallelResistance
<< " ohms" << endl;
return 0;
}

9 | Page
Output:

10 | Page
Exercise 4.
Aim: Write a program that converts temperature from Celsius to
Fahrenheit and vice versa.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a;
cout << "1. For Celsius To Fahrenheit. \n";
cout << "2. For Fahrenheit To Celsius. \n";
cout << "3. For Exit\n\n";
cout << "Enter Your Choice \n ";
cin >> a;
switch (a)
{ double cel, feh;
case 1:
cout << "Enter The Temperature In Celsius\n";
cin >> cel;
feh = (cel *9 / 5) + 32;
cout << "\nTemperature In Fahrenheit Is = " << feh;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Enter The Temperature In Fahrenheit\n";
cin >> feh;
cel = (feh - 32) *5 / 9;
cout << "\nTemperature In Celsius Is = " << cel;
break;
case 3:
exit(0);
default:
cout << "\nEnter The Right Choice \n";
break;
}
}

11 | Page
OUTPUT-

12 | Page
Exercise 5.
Aim :Write a program to calculate voltage across a resistor using Ohm’s law.
Program :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float Resistance,Current,Voltage;
cout<<"Enter the resistance in ohms: ";
cin>>Resistance;
cout<<"Enter the current in amperes: ";
cin>>Current;
Voltage=Resistance*Current;
cout<<"The voltage is: "<<Voltage<<" volts";
return 0;
}

13 | Page
OUTPUT-

14 | Page
Exercise 6.
Aim :Write a program for calculating power in an electrical circuit.
Program :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
float Current,Resistance,Power;
cout<<"Enter the current in amperes: ";
cin>>Current;
cout<<"Enter the resistance in ohms: ";
cin>>Resistance;
Power=Current*Current*Resistance;
cout<<"The power is: "<<Power<<"watts"<<endl;
return 0;
}

15 | Page
OUTPUT-

16 | Page
Exercise 7.
Aim :Write a program to calculate RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage from
peak voltage using the square root function (sqrt).
Write a program to calculate the frequency of an RC circuit.
Program :

#include<iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float V_peak;
cout << "Enter the peak voltage (in volts): ";
cin >> V_peak;
float V_RMS = V_peak / sqrt(2);
cout << "The RMS voltage is: " << V_RMS << " volts" << endl;
return 0;
}

17 | Page
OUTPUT-

18 | Page
Exercise 8.
Aim :Write a program to calculate the frequency of an RC circuit.
Program :

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
float r,c,frc;
const float PI = 3.14159f;
cout<< "Enter the Resistance (in ohms): ";
cin >> r;
cout<< "Enter the Capacitance (in farads): ";
cin >> c;
frc = 1/(2*PI*r*c);
cout << "The Frequency of RC is:" <<frc <<"Hz" <<endl;
return 0;
}

19 | Page
OUTPUT-

20 | Page
Exercise 9.
Aim : Write a program to calculate the resonant frequency of an LC
circuit (inductor-capacitor circuit).
Program :

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float L, C, frequency;
const float PI=3.14;
cout << "Enter the inductance (in henries): ";
cin >> L;
cout << "Enter the capacitance (in farads): ";
cin >> C;
frequency = 1 / (2*PI*sqrt(L * C));
cout << "The resonant frequency of the LC circuit is: " <<
frequency << " Hz" << endl;
return 0;
}

21 | Page
OUTPUT-

22 | Page
Exercise 10.
Aim :Write a program to calculate the frequency of an AC voltage signal.
Program :

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float omega, frequency;
const float PI=3.14;
cout << "Enter the angular frequency (in radians per second): ";
cin >> omega;
frequency = omega / (2 * PI);
cout << "The frequency of the AC voltage signal is: " << frequency << " Hz" << endl;
return 0;
}

23 | Page
OUTPUT-

24 | Page
Exercise 11.
Aim : Write a program to calculate the voltage across an inductor based on
its inductance and the rate of change of current.
Program :

#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float inductance, rateOfChangeOfCurrent,Voltage;
cout << "Enter the inductance (L) in henries: ";
cin >> inductance;
cout << "Enter the rate of change of current (dI/dt) in amperes per second: ";
cin >> rateOfChangeOfCurrent;
Voltage = rateOfChangeOfCurrent*inductance;
cout<<"The voltage across the inductor is: " << Voltage << " volts." << endl;
return 0;
}

25 | Page
OUTPUT-

26 | Page
Exercise 12.
Aim :Write a program to calculate the roots of a quadratic equation using
decision control statements in perspective to work with the all the cases
whether the equation gives a real, imaginary or equal
Program :

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
float a,b,c,d;
cout <<"Enter the value of a ." <<endl;
cin >> a;
cout <<"Enter the value of b ." <<endl;
cin >> b;
cout <<"Enter the value of c ." <<endl;
cin >> c;
d = pow(b,2)- (4*a*c);
cout << "d= " <<d <<endl;
if (d>0) {
cout << "The roots are real and distinct." <<endl;
}
else if (d==0) {
cout << "The roots are real and equal." <<endl;
}
else {
cout << "The roots are imaginary." <<endl;
}
return 0;
}

27 | Page
OUTPUT-

28 | Page
Exercise 13.
Aim :Simulate the control of an LED (ON/OFF) using if-else statements.
Program :

#include <iostream>
int main() {
bool button1State = false; // initial state of button 1
bool button2State = true; // initial state of button 2
bool button3State = false; // initial state of button 3
if (button1State) {
std::cout << "LED1 is ON" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "LED1 is OFF" << std::endl;
}
if (button2State) {
std::cout << "LED2 is ON" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "LED2 is OFF" << std::endl;
}
if (button3State) {
std::cout << "LED3 is ON" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "LED3 is OFF" << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}

29 | Page
OUTPUT-

30 | Page
Exercise 14.
Aim: Write a program to simulate the charging process of a capacitor and
use an if statement to check whether the capacitor is fully charged or still
charging based on the calculated voltage.
Program:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
const double VIN = 3.3; // supply voltage
const double R = 20000; // resistance in ohms
const double C = 0.0002; // capacitance in farads
const double THRESHOLD = 0.99; // 99% of maximum voltage
int main() {
double t = 0; // time in seconds
double Vc = 0; // initial voltage across capacitor
double dt = 1; // time step in seconds
while (Vc < VIN * THRESHOLD) {
// Calculate the voltage across the capacitor using the RC circuit model
Vc = VIN * (1 - exp(-t / (R * C)));
// Increment time
t += dt;
// Print the current voltage and time
std::cout << "Time: " << t << " s, Voltage: " << Vc << " V" << std::endl;
// Check if the capacitor is fully charged (within the specified threshold)
if (Vc >= VIN * THRESHOLD) {
std::cout << "Capacitor fully charged." << std::endl;
break;
}
}
return 0;
}

31 | Page
OUTPUT-

32 | Page
Exercise 15.
Aim: Write a program which uses cascading if and else if statements
to determine the warning level based on the entered temperature.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double temperature;
cout << "Enter the temperature: ";
cin >> temperature;
if (temperature < 0) {
cout << "Warning Level: Low" << endl;
} else if (temperature >= 0 && temperature < 20) {
cout << "Warning Level: Normal" << endl;
} else if (temperature >= 20 && temperature < 35) {
cout << "Warning Level: High" << endl;
} else {
cout << "Warning Level: Extreme" << endl;
}
return 0;
}

33 | Page
OUTPUT-

34 | Page
Exercise 16.
Aim: Write a program using a switch statement to control the
direction of a motor based on the user’s input.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int direction;
cout << "Motor Control Menu:" << endl;
cout << "1 - Forward" << endl;
cout << "2 - Backward" << endl;
cout << "3 - Left" << endl;
cout << "4 - Right" << endl;
cout << "0 - Stop" << endl;
cout << "Enter the direction (0-4): ";
cin >> direction;
switch (direction) {
case 1:
cout << "Motor is moving Forward." << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Motor is moving Backward." << endl;
break;
case 3:
cout << "Motor is turning Left." << endl;
break;
case 4:
cout << "Motor is turning Right." << endl;
break;
case 0:
cout << "Motor has stopped." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid input. Please enter a number between 0 and 4." << endl;
break; }
return 0; }

35 | Page
OUTPUT-

36 | Page
Exercise 17.
Aim: Write a program using a switch statement to control a voltage
regulator based on a control signal.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int controlSignal;
cout << "Voltage Regulator Control Menu:" << endl;
cout << "1 - Set Voltage to 3.3V" << endl;
cout << "2 - Set Voltage to 5V" << endl;
cout << "3 - Set Voltage to 12V" << endl;
cout << "4 - Set Voltage to 24V" << endl;
cout << "0 - Turn Off Voltage Regulator" <<
endl; cout << "Enter the control signal (0-4): ";
cin >> controlSignal;
switch (controlSignal) {
case 1:2
cout << "Voltage regulator set to 3.3V." << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Voltage regulator set to 5V." << endl;
break;
case 3:
cout << "Voltage regulator set to 12V." << endl;
break;
case 4:
cout << "Voltage regulator set to 24V." << endl;
break;
case 0:
cout << "Voltage regulator is turned off." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid input. Please enter a number between 0 and 4." << endl;
break; }
return 0; }

37 | Page
OUTPUT-

38 | Page
Exercise 18.
Aim: Write a program using cascading if and else if statements to
determine the speed level of a motor based on RPM.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int rpm;
cout << "Enter the RPM of the motor: ";
cin >> rpm;
if (rpm < 1000) {
cout << "Speed Level: Low" << endl;
} else if (rpm >= 1000 && rpm < 3000) {
cout << "Speed Level: Medium" << endl;
} else if (rpm >= 3000 && rpm < 5000) {
cout << "Speed Level: High" << endl;
} else {
cout << "Speed Level: Very High" << endl;
}
return 0;
}

39 | Page
OUTPUT-

40 | Page
Exercise 19.
Aim: Write a program for Metric Conversions of Various Properties:
Temperature, Length, Energy and Power using switch statement.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void convertTemperature();
void convertLength();
void convertEnergy();
void convertPower();
int main() {
int choice;
cout << "Metric Conversion Menu:" << endl;
cout << "1 - Temperature Conversion (Celsius to Fahrenheit)" << endl;
cout << "2 - Length Conversion (Meters to Feet)" << endl;
cout << "3 - Energy Conversion (Joules to Calories)" << endl;
cout << "4 - Power Conversion (Watts to Horsepower)" << endl;
cout << "0 - Exit" << endl;
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
convertTemperature();
break;
case 2:
convertLength();
break;
case 3:
convertEnergy();
break;
case 4:
convertPower();
break;
case 0:
cout << "Exiting the program." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 0 and 4." <<
endl;
break;
}
return 0;
}

41 | Page
void convertTemperature() {
double celsius, fahrenheit;
cout << "Enter temperature in Celsius: ";
cin >> celsius;
fahrenheit = (celsius * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0;
cout << celsius << "°C is equal to " << fahrenheit << "°F." << endl;
}
void convertLength() {
double meters, feet;
cout << "Enter length in meters: ";
cin >> meters;
feet = meters * 3.28084; // 1 meter = 3.28084 feet
cout << meters << " meters is equal to " << feet << " feet." << endl;
}
void convertEnergy() {
double joules, calories;
cout << "Enter energy in Joules: ";
cin >> joules;
calories = joules / 4.184; // 1 calorie = 4.184 joules
cout << joules << " Joules is equal to " << calories << " calories." << endl;
}
void convertPower() {
double watts, horsepower;
cout << "Enter power in Watts: ";
cin >> watts;
horsepower = watts / 745.7; // 1 horsepower = 745.7 watts
cout << watts << " Watts is equal to " << horsepower << " horsepower." << endl;
}

42 | Page
OUTPUT-

43 | Page
Exercise 20.
Aim: Write program showcases the use of iterative statements (for
loop), arrays, and an array of strings to create a basic circuit analysis
tool.
Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() {
const int MAX_RESISTORS = 5; // Maximum number of resistors
double voltages[MAX_RESISTORS]; // Array to hold voltage values
double resistances[MAX_RESISTORS]; // Array to hold resistance values
double currents[MAX_RESISTORS]; // Array to hold calculated current values
string resistorNames[MAX_RESISTORS]; // Array of resistor names
cout << "Basic Circuit Analysis Tool" << endl;
// Input voltage
double voltage;
cout << "Enter the total voltage (in Volts): ";
cin >> voltage;
// Input resistor values
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_RESISTORS; i++) {
cout << "Enter the name of Resistor " << (i + 1) << ": ";
cin >> resistorNames[i];
cout << "Enter the resistance of " << resistorNames[i] << " (in Ohms): ";
cin >> resistances[i];
// Calculate current using Ohm's Law: I = V / R
if (resistances[i] != 0) {
currents[i] = voltage / resistances[i];
} else {
currents[i] = 0; // Avoid division by zero
cout << "Resistance cannot be zero for " << resistorNames[i] << ".
Current is set to 0." << endl;
}
}
// Display results
cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // Set precision for output
cout << "\nCircuit Analysis Results:" << endl;
cout << setw(20) << "Resistor Name" << setw(20) << "Resistance (Ohms)" <<
setw(20) << "Current (Amps)" << endl;
cout << string(60, '-') << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_RESISTORS; i++) {

44 | Page
 cout << setw(20) << resistorNames[i]
<< setw(20) << resistances[i]
<< setw(20) << currents[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT-

45 | Page
Exercise 21.
Aim: Given a resistor with a constant resistance, calculate the voltage
across the resistor for a range of currents.
Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double resistance; // Resistance in Ohms
double currentStart, currentEnd, currentStep; // Current range parameters
const int MAX_CURRENTS = 100; // Maximum number of current values
double currents[MAX_CURRENTS]; // Array to hold current values
double voltages[MAX_CURRENTS]; // Array to hold calculated voltage values
// Input resistance
cout << "Enter the resistance of the resistor (in Ohms): ";
cin >> resistance;
// Input current range
cout << "Enter the starting current (in Amps): ";
cin >> currentStart;
cout << "Enter the ending current (in Amps): ";
cin >> currentEnd;
cout << "Enter the step size for current (in Amps): ";
cin >> currentStep;
// Validate input range
if (currentStart > currentEnd || currentStep <= 0) {
cout << "Invalid current range or step size." <<
endl; return 1; // Exit with an error code
}
// Calculate currents and voltages
int index = 0;
for (double current = currentStart; current <= currentEnd; current += currentStep) {
if (index < MAX_CURRENTS) {
currents[index] = current;
voltages[index] = current * resistance; // V = I * R
index++;
} else {
cout << "Maximum current values exceeded." << endl;
break;
}
}
// Display results
cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // Set precision for output
cout << "\nCurrent to Voltage Calculation:" << endl;
cout << setw(20) << "Current (Amps)" << setw(20) << "Voltage (Volts)" << endl;
cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
cout << setw(20) << currents[i] << setw(20) << voltages[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}

46 | Page
OUTPUT-

47 | Page
Exercise 22.
Aim:
Write a program to calculate the charging of a capacitor in an RC
circuit at different time intervals of 10 milliseconds.
Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double V0;
double R;
double C;
const int TIME_INTERVAL_MS =
10; const int MAX_TIME = 100;
cout << "Enter the supply voltage (V0) in Volts: ";
cin >> V0;
cout << "Enter the resistance (R) in Ohms: ";
cin >> R;
cout << "Enter the capacitance (C) in Farads: ";
cin >> C;
double timeConstant = R * C;
cout << fixed << setprecision(4);
cout << "\nCharging of Capacitor in RC Circuit:" << endl;
cout << setw(15) << "Time (ms)" << setw(20) << "Voltage (V)" << endl;
cout << string(35, '-') << endl;
for (int t = 0; t <= MAX_TIME; t += TIME_INTERVAL_MS) {
double voltage = V0 * (1 - exp(-t / timeConstant));
cout << setw(15) << t << setw(20) << voltage <<
endl;
}
return 0;
}

48 | Page
OUTPUT-

49 | Page
Exercise 23.
Aim: Write a program for voltage across the capacitor at any given
time can be calculated using the formula:
V(t)=Vmax × (1- e^(-t/RC) )
Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double Vmax;
double R;
double C;
double t;
cout << "Enter the maximum voltage (Vmax) in Volts: ";
cin >> Vmax;
cout << "Enter the resistance (R) in Ohms: ";
cin >> R;
cout << "Enter the capacitance (C) in Farads: ";
cin >> C;
cout << "Enter the time (t) in seconds: ";
cin >> t;
double timeConstant = R * C;
double voltage = Vmax * (1 - exp(-t / timeConstant));
cout << fixed << setprecision(4); // Set precision for output
cout << "Voltage across the capacitor at time " << t << " seconds is: " << voltage << " Volts" << endl;
return 0;
}

50 | Page
OUTPUT-

51 | Page
Exercise 24.
Aim: Create a C++ program to store and manipulate an array of
voltages in a circuit. The program should calculate the total, average,
minimum and maximum voltage values using 1D arrays, allowing for
effective analysis and management of voltage data within the circuit.
Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;
int main() {
const int MAX_VOLTAGES = 100;
double voltages[MAX_VOLTAGES];
int numVoltages;
cout << "Enter the number of voltage values (up to " << MAX_VOLTAGES << "): ";
cin >> numVoltages;
if (numVoltages <= 0 || numVoltages > MAX_VOLTAGES)
{ cout << "Invalid number of voltage values." << endl;
return 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < numVoltages; ++i) {
cout << "Enter voltage value " << (i + 1) << ": ";
cin >> voltages[i];
}
double total = 0.0;
double minVoltage = numeric_limits<double>::max();
double maxVoltage =
numeric_limits<double>::lowest(); for (int i = 0; i <
numVoltages; ++i) {
total += voltages[i];
if (voltages[i] < minVoltage)
{ minVoltage =
voltages[i];
}
if (voltages[i] > maxVoltage) {
maxVoltage = voltages[i];
}
}
double average = total / numVoltages;
cout << fixed << setprecision(4);
cout << "\nVoltage Analysis Results:" << endl;
cout << "Total Voltage: " << total << " Volts" << endl;
cout << "Average Voltage: " << average << " Volts" << endl;
cout << "Minimum Voltage: " << minVoltage << " Volts" << endl;
cout << "Maximum Voltage: " << maxVoltage << " Volts" << endl;
return 0;

52 | Page
OUTPUT-

53 | Page
Exercise 25.
Aim: Calculate Total Resistance of Resistors in Series Using Dynamic
Memory Allocation.
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numResistors;
double* resistors;
cout << "Enter the number of resistors in series: ";
cin >> numResistors;
if (numResistors <= 0) {
cout << "Invalid number of resistors." << endl;
return 1;
}
resistors = new double[numResistors];
for (int i = 0; i < numResistors; ++i) {
cout << "Enter resistance value for resistor " << (i + 1) << " (in Ohms): ";
cin >> resistors[i];
}
double totalResistance = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < numResistors; ++i) {
totalResistance += resistors[i];
}
cout << "Total Resistance in Series: " << totalResistance << " Ohms" << endl;
delete[] resistors;
return 0;
}

54 | Page
OUTPUT-

55 | Page
Exercise 26.
Aim: Calculate Power Dissipated by a Resistor Using Call by
Reference
Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void calculatePower(double voltage, double resistance, double &power)
{ if (resistance != 0) {
power = (voltage * voltage) / resistance;
} else {
cout << "Resistance cannot be zero." << endl;
power = 0;
}
}
int main() {
double voltage;
double resistance;
double power;
cout << "Enter the voltage across the resistor (in Volts): ";
cin >> voltage;
cout << "Enter the resistance (in Ohms): ";
cin >> resistance;
calculatePower(voltage, resistance, power);
cout << "Power dissipated by the resistor: " << power << " Watts" << endl;
return 0;
}

56 | Page
OUTPUT-

57 | Page
Exercise 27.
Aim: Write a C++ program that accepts a string input representing
the type of circuit (e.g., “Series", "Parallel") and calculate total
resistance.
Program:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
double calculateSeriesResistance(const vector<double>& resistances) {
double totalResistance = 0;
for (double resistance : resistances) {
totalResistance += resistance;
}
return totalResistance;
}
double calculateParallelResistance(const vector<double>& resistances) {
double totalResistance = 0;
for (double resistance : resistances) {
totalResistance += 1.0 / resistance;
}
return 1.0 / totalResistance;
}
int main() {
string circuitType;
int numResistors;
vector<double> resistances;
cout << "Enter the type of circuit (Series/Parallel): ";
cin >> circuitType;
if (circuitType != "Series" && circuitType != "Parallel") {
cout << "Invalid circuit type. Please enter either 'Series' or 'Parallel'." << endl;
return 1;
}
cout << "Enter the number of resistors: ";
cin >> numResistors;
for (int i = 0; i < numResistors; i++) {
double resistance;
cout << "Enter the resistance of resistor " << i + 1 << " (in ohms): ";
cin >> resistance;
resistances.push_back(resistance);
}
if (circuitType == "Series") {
double totalResistance = calculateSeriesResistance(resistances);
cout << "Total Resistance in Series Circuit: " << totalResistance << " ohms" << endl;
} else if (circuitType == "Parallel") {
double totalResistance = calculateParallelResistance(resistances);
cout << "Total Resistance in Parallel Circuit: " << totalResistance << " ohms" << endl;
}
return 0;
}

58 | Page
OUTPUT-

59 | Page
Exercise 28.
Aim: Write a C++ program to convert lowercase letters to uppercase letters in
a given input string.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
string input;
cout << "Enter a string: ";
getline(cin, input);
for (char &c : input){
c = toupper(c);
}
cout << "Converted string: "<< input <<endl;
return 0;
}

60 | Page
OUTPUT-

61 | Page
Exercise 29.
Aim: Write a C++ program to use String functions length, at, append,
compare, substr, find,
replace using
switch.
Program:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
string str,result;
int choice;
cout << "Enter a string: ";
getline(cin,str);
do {
cout << "\nChoose an option: " <<endl;
cout << "1. Length of the string " <<endl;
cout << "2. Access a character at a specific position (using at) " <<endl;
cout << "3. Append another string " <<endl;
cout << "4. compare two strings " <<endl;
cout << "5. Get a substring " <<endl;
cout << "6. find a character in the string " <<endl;
cout << "7. Replace a part of the string " <<endl;
cout << "0. Exit " <<endl;
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
cin.ignore();
switch (choice) {
case 1:
cout <<"Length of the string: " <<str.length() << endl;
break;
case 2:
int pos;
cout <<"Enter position(0 to " <<str.length() -1 << "): ";
cin >> pos;
if (pos >= 0 && pos < str.length()) {
cout << "Character at position " << pos << ": " << str.at(pos)<<endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid positional" << endl;
}
break;
case 3:
{ string appendstr;
cout << "Enter the string to append: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin,appendstr);
str.append(appendstr);
cout << "Updated string: " << str <<endl;
}
break;
case 4:
{
string comparestr;
cout << "Enter the string to compare with: ";
getline(cin,comparestr);
int result = str.compare(comparestr);
if (result == 0) {
cout << "The strings are equal." <<endl;
} else if (result <0) {
cout << "The original string is less than the compared string." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The original string is greater than the compared string." << endl;
}

62 | Page
 } break;
case 5:
{
int start,length;
cout << "Enter starting position of substring: ";
cin >> start;
cout << "Enter the length of substring: ";
result = str.substr(start,length);
cout << "Substring: "<< result << endl;
} break;
case 6:
{ char ch;
cout << "Enter character to find: ";
cin >> ch;
int pos = str.find(ch);
if (pos != string::npos){
cout << "Character " << ch << " found at position " << pos << endl; }
else {
cout <<"Character not found"<<endl;
} break;
}
case 7:
{ string toreplace, replacewith;
cout << "Enter the string to replace: ";
cin.ignore();
getline(cin,toreplace);
cout << "Enter the string to replace with: ";
getline(cin,replacewith);
int pos =
str.find(toreplace); if (pos !
= string::npos) {
str.replace(pos, toreplace.length(), replacewith);
cout << "Updated string: "<< str <<endl;
} else {
cout << "Substring not found!" <<endl;
}} break;
case 0:
cout << "Exiting the program. " <<endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice, Please try again." <<endl;
}
} while (choice != 0);
return 0;
}

63 | Page
OUTPUT-

64 | Page
Exercise 30.
Aim: Write a C++ program to create a file that stores the resistance, current,
and voltage values of a circuit.

Program:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
double resistance, current, voltage;
cout << "Enter the resistance (in Ohms): ";
cin >> resistance;
cout << "Enter the current (in Amperes): ";
cin >> current;
voltage = current * resistance;
ofstream outputFile("data.txt");
if (!outputFile) {
cerr << "Error: Could not open the file." << endl;
return 1;
}
outputFile << "Resistance (Ohms): " << resistance << endl;
outputFile << "Current (Amperes): " << current << endl;
outputFile << "Voltage (Volts): " << voltage << endl;
outputFile.close();
cout << "Data has been written to data.txt successfully." << endl;
return 0;
}

65 | Page
OUTPUT-

66 | Page