2 LEAST COMMON MULTIPLES AND HIGHEST COMMON FACTORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES
◼ Find the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
◼ Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) ◼ Use factor trees No calculators! Starter 9 36 6 7 3 5 3 88 2 12 11 4
Using the numbers in the white box find pairs that multiply or divide together to give you totals to the below (you can only use each number once!)
a) 18 b) 63 c) 12 d) 24 e) 8 f) 20 Factors A FACTOR is a number which goes into another number without leaving a remainder
i.e. from the starter you saw 2 ×12 = 24
As this makes 24 exactly this means that 2 and
12 are FACTORS of 24 Task: How else can you make 24 using multiplication?
So the factors are 1,2,3,4,6,8,12 and 24
Factors Write down all the factors of 40
40 Factors Write down all the factors for the following:
a) 60
b) 56
c) 102 Highest Common Factor (HCF) We have already seen the factors of 24 and 40 as the following:
24 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24
40 : 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20 and 40
A COMMON FACTOR is a number which appears in both factors
for two different numbers
So for 24 and 40 the common factors are 1,2,4,8
Highest Common Factor (HCF) The HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR is the largest number which appears in the list of common factors
The common factors of 24 and 40 are 1, 2, 4 and
8 Therefore the largest number in this list is 8 So the highest common factor is 8
A method to find HCF between two
numbers: 1. Write the factors for each number 2. Write the common factors which appear 3. The largest of these will be the HCF Find the HCF… 1) 12 and 20
2) 48 and 88
*3) 88 and 121
Multiples The MULTIPLES of a number are all the numbers in the times table of that particular number
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) A COMMON MULTIPLE is a number that is a shared multiple of two or more numbers
For example 24 is a common multiple of 8 and
12 because it appears in both the 8 and 12 times table 8 × 3 = 24
12 × 2 = 24 Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) The LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE is the smallest common multiple shared by two or more numbers
The multiples of 5 are : 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , …
The multiples of 6 are : 6, 12 , 18 , 24 , 30 , 36 , 42 , …
The lowest common multiple of 5 and 6 is 30 as it is the first
multiple found in both lists A method to find LCM between two numbers: 1. Write the multiples for each number 2. Circle any common multiples that appear Find the LCM… 1) 4 and 6
2) 5 and 7
*3) 12 and 9 Helpful Things To Know… • Factors always come in pairs i.e. 1 × 8 2×4
• 1 and the number itself are always factors
• 2 is always a factor of an EVEN number
• You can always work out if a number is a multiple of
9 by adding its digits. If the sum is 9 then it is a multiple 81 => 8+1=9 27 => 2+7=9 171 => 1+7+1=9 4608 => 4 + 6 + 0 + 8 = 18 ; 1 + 8 =9 Summary… The HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR is the largest number which appears in the list of common factors A method to find HCF between two numbers: 1. Write the factors for each number 2. Write the common factors which appear The 3. LOWEST TheCOMMON these is MULTIPLE largest of the will besmallest the HCF common multiple shared by two or more numbers A method to find LCM between two numbers: 1. Write the multiples for each number 2. Circle any common multiples that appear Your turn… Codebreaker!
Work out the answers to the following and
use the alphabet key to decode the secret message
A B C D E F G H I J
18 6 12 35 10 9 11 22 7 54
K L M N O P Q R S T
63 20 26 19 5 24 2 62 3 8
U V W X Y Z
44 4 64 121 28 1 Prime Number A PRIME NUMBER is a number (greater than 1) which only has 2 factors: 1 and itself
Can you think of any prime numbers?
2 is the only even prime number!
Prime Number
We can see all the prime numbers from 1-100 by crossing
out different multiples Prime Number
We can discount 1 as all prime numbers are greater than 1
The next number is 2, we know 2 itself is a prime but we can cross off the remaining multiples Prime Number
The next number is 3, is 3 a prime?
Yes so we leave the 3 and shade in the remaining multiples (some will have already been crossed off) Prime Number Task:
The next number is 5 which again is a prime. Cross off the
remaining multiples of 5 on your square
Find the next number on your square not crossed off and cross off the non-prime multiples Prime Number
Your table should now look something like the above
All the remaining numbers are PRIMES Prime Factors Any number can be written as a product of its prime factors What does this mean?
Any number can be broken down and split into the
prime numbers which multiply together to give us the number in question For example
40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
10 = 2 x 5 Prime Factors There are many ways to write numbers as a result of their prime factors, one way is with factor trees… Lets take the number 24 for example
Start by thinking 24 of the smallest prime number that divides into 24… In this case 2 , as 2 x 12 = 24 We add this as branches to 24 Prime Factors There are many ways to write numbers as a result of their prime factors, one way is with factor trees… Lets take the number 24 for example Next we do the same for 12, so think of the 24 As 2 is already a prime smallest prime we need to look at 12… factor 2 12
In this case 2 , as 2 x 6 = 12
We add this as branches to 12 Prime Factors There are many ways to write numbers as a result of their prime factors, one way is with factor trees… Lets take the number 24 for example Next we look at 6, how can we write this using 24 its smallest prime factor? 2 12
2 6
2 3 Prime Factors 24 prime factor tree 24
2 12
2 6
2 3 The above ‘tree’ shows 24 as a product of its prime factors We can write the result 2 x 2asxfollows: 2x3 Prime Factors Lets try an example together…
36 Prime Factors Another method of writing a number as a product of prime factors is to write it linearly
Lets take the number 48
If we look for the smallest prime factor we can write 48
as Finally we 48 = = 22 xx 224x 12 apply the same method to 6 =2x2x2x6 We We then then think think =2 xabout 2 x 2how about x 2 we how x we3 can can express express 1224 by by its its smallest smallest prime prime factor factor Prime Factors Express the following as a product of their prime factors using a method you are comfortable with
1. 52
2. 32
3. 68 HOMEWORK WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN YOUR NOTEBOOK 1. List all prime factors a) 84 b) 156 c) 640 d) 1645 2. Find LCM and HCF of a) 90 and 126 b) 42, 66, and 78 c) 60, 195 and 225 3. A merchant has 120 liters and 180 liters of two kinds of oil. He wants to sell the oil by filling the two kinds in tins of equal volumes. Find the greatest volume of such a tin. 3. A merchant has 120 liters and 180 liters of two kinds of oil. He wants to sell the oil by filling the two kinds in tins of equal volumes. Find the greatest volume of such a tin.
Clue : HCF 4. The soccer team and the American football team are sharing the field for their practices today. The soccer team meets for practice every 2 days, and the American football team meets every 4 days. How many days from now will they have to share the field again? 4. The soccer team and the American football team are sharing the field for their practices today. The soccer team meets for practice every 2 days, and the American football team meets every 4 days. How many days from now will they have to share the field again?
Clue : LCM 5. Kiara baked 30 oatmeal cookies and 48 chocolate chip cookies to package in plastic containers for her teacher friends at school. She wants to divide the cookies into identical containers so that each container has the same number of each kind of cookie. If she wants each container to have the greatest number of cookies possible, how many plastic containers does she need? And how many each item inside? 5. Kiara baked 30 oatmeal cookies and 48 chocolate chip cookies to package in plastic containers for her teacher friends at school. She wants to divide the cookies into identical containers so that each container has the same number of each kind of cookie. If she wants each container to have the greatest number of cookies possible, how many plastic containers does she need? And how many each item inside?
