International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology

2024 Volume 8 Number 4, 9-17

Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity

using GSM Module, Temperature, and Smoke Sensor

Gragasin, Marianne Nicole G.

Divine Word College of San Jose, Philippines ([email protected])
Cusi, Kent Gabriel D.; Calle, Aira Mia Jhemhel M.; ISSN: 2243-7738
Online ISSN: 2243-7746
Calabio, Engrid B.; Enriquez, Christopher Lynson P.;
OPEN ACCESS
Dablo, Imarie O.; Limos-Galay, Jenny A.

Received: 10 May 2024 Revised: 27 June 2024 Accepted: 3 July 2024

Available Online: 15 July 2024 DOI: 10.5861/ijrset.2024.8029

Abstract

Traditional fire alarm systems often need to be improved in densely populated urban
environments. Thus, the researchers utilized experimental research to develop an Arduino
Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using a GSM Module, temperature sensor,
and smoke sensor. After developing the device, the researchers tested and answered the
validated evaluation checklist to determine if the device was properly working or not. Results
reveal that the participants strongly agree that the device is effective, with an overall mean of
3.52. Moreover, it was found that the system's Android connectivity improves the timeliness
of fire alerts and enhances emergency response coordination. Moreover, no significant
difference exists between the Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity and
the traditional fire alarm system; thus, the device was accepted. Thus, the Arduino Uno fire
alarm system with Android connectivity using a GSM module, temperature, and smoke sensor
offers a compelling alternative, addressing these shortcomings through its affordability,
adaptability, and seamless connectivity. Arduino boards are renowned for their
cost-effectiveness, making them a viable option for widespread implementation, even in areas
with limited resources. This technology opens doors to improved fire safety in communities
that might not otherwise have access. Future researchers can optimize the algorithm's
performance and enhance the reliability of early fire detection by training the system on
diverse datasets encompassing various environmental conditions and types of fire events.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, GSM module, Android integration, scalable and affordable
detection, smoke sensor

© The Author(s) / Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND

Gragasin, M. N. G., Cusi, K. G. D., Calle, A. M. J. M., Calabio, E. B., Enriquez, C. L. P., Dablo, I. O., et al.

Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using GSM Module,
Temperature, and Smoke Sensor

1. Introduction

Recognizing the urgent need for a practical and reliable fire detection and warning system, the researchers
explored an Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity. They incorporated a GSM module and
their temperature and smoke sensors into the system. The researcher’s goal was to create a system that not only
promptly detects fires but also notifies users remotely via smartphones. Understanding the importance of early
fire detection in preventing property damage, injuries, and fatalities, the researchers aimed to advance fire safety
by providing a new, accessible solution that combines cutting-edge technology with essential safety measures.
This motivation drove them to undertake this study. As Singh (2018) stated, an automatic fire alarm system is
designed to detect fires by monitoring combustion-related environmental changes. Fire alarm systems are
classified as automatic, manually activated, or both. These automatic systems can alert people to evacuate during
a fire or other emergency, summon emergency services, and prepare the building and its systems to manage the
spread of fire and smoke. In recent years, fire alarm systems have become more advanced, reliable, and
functionally capable. They aim to meet two main objectives: protecting property and assets and ensuring life
safety. Due to state and local regulations, the focus on life safety in fire protection has significantly increased
over the past two decades.

As indicated in the research by Koggalage et al. (2021), to address this, an intelligent fire and
high-temperature detection system has been designed utilizing GSM technology, along with smoke and
temperature sensors integrated with Arduino technology. The smoke sensor detects smoke from a fire, while the
temperature sensor monitors any rise in temperature within the building. If a fire is detected, the system sends an
alert message to the user via SMS through the GSM module. Additionally, the system will send a signal to the
main power supply circuit breaker via a microcontroller, causing the power supply to the building to shut down.
The results from testing this system are documented and discussed in this paper. This system allows users to
respond promptly to fire emergencies, enhancing safety by protecting lives and property from disasters. Fire is a
highly hazardous situation, making it crucial to monitor and provide warnings before any unfortunate incidents
occur. In many developing countries, homes are not equipped with fire alarm systems, as is common in
developed nations like Singapore and the USA. This often results in fires going unnoticed, leading to significant
losses of property and human lives. Additionally, in developing countries such as India, there are no stringent
laws mandating the installation of fire alarm systems in all homes to alert fire service personnel. Therefore, there
is an urgent need to develop an automated fire monitoring and warning system. Such a system is vital for
maintaining and monitoring safe conditions and preventing potential disasters (Tarhate et al., 2020).

As evidenced by Kodur et al. (2019), delays in coping with fires can cause the loss of human life or
materials. Most of the fire cases occurred in residential houses. A house is an object that is vulnerable to fire
because of its activities. Human safety is an essential factor that must be considered and prioritized in a house
fire. Hence, authorities should issue early warnings to residents of disaster-affected homes when a fire occurs,
enabling them to evacuate independently. Conventional fire alarm systems in the Philippines often lack
comprehensive fire detection capabilities, real-time communication with emergency responders, and effective
remote monitoring, leading to delayed response, increased damage, and reduced response to actual fire incidents.
In 2021, Ahmed et al. created an Arduino-based fire alarm system with Android connectivity that utilizes a GSM
module to send SMS notifications to designated users upon detecting fire hazards. The system also incorporates
a buzzer for local alarms and a relay to control electrical appliances, such as fire extinguishers and sprinkler
systems.

This developed system comprised several key components: an Arduino Uno microcontroller board for

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 Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using GSM Module, Temperature, and Smoke Sensor
central processing, a GSM module for real-time communication, temperature and smoke sensors for continuous
monitoring, and an alarm mechanism for timely notifications. This functionality offers several advantages,
including enhanced fire detection, real-time notifications, improved response time, and remote monitoring
capabilities. This research anticipates challenges related to the seamless integration of Arduino Uno components,
reliable GSM communication, and sensor coordination. Future work will address these challenges and refine the
system's performance, including exploring the integration of additional sensors for enhanced capabilities.
Increased temperatures or fires frequently result in deaths and other disasters, highlighting the importance of
taking immediate action to prevent fires. Traditional fire alarms often need to provide complete monitoring and
instant communication. Inadequate fire extinguishing systems, insufficient fire alarms, and insufficient
emergency exits can increase the impact of disasters. Using technology in the modern day can help with alerts
and warnings that arise early, allowing for quick responses to possible threats. The Philippines faces a pressing
need for improved fire safety measures. Conventional fire alarm systems often fail to meet the country's
requirements. Arduino Uno fire alarm systems with Android connectivity offer a promising solution. They
leverage Arduino's versatility and affordability, the ubiquity of Android devices, and the potential for local
innovation to enhance fire safety for a large population.

This study aimed to produce an Arduino Uno Fire Alarm System with Android Connectivity Using a GSM
Module, Temperature, and Smoke Sensor to address the critical demand for enhancing fire safety regulations.
Despite the limitations of conventional fire alarm systems, this study uses the affordability, adaptability, and
widespread use of Android-powered mobile devices to develop an innovative solution using Arduino Uno. By
integrating temperature, smoke, and GSM connectivity, the system provides instant communication and
real-time monitoring, allowing early detection of possible fire risks. This study has the potential to enhance
public safety significantly by establishing a dependable and practical approach to alerting and managing fire
emergencies, thus addressing the deficiencies in the nation's traditional systems.

Statement of the Problem - This study aimed to produce an Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android
connectivity using a GSM module, temperature sensor, and smoke sensor to send SMS notifications for remote
monitoring and alerts. The study sought to address the following questions: (1) What is the level of effectiveness of
an Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using a GSM module, temperature sensor, and
smoke sensor in terms of early detection, efficiency, and alert capabilities? (2) Can the system's Android
connectivity improve the timeliness of fire alerts and enhance emergency response coordination? (3) Is an Arduino
Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity more effective than a traditional fire alarm in detecting fires in
their early stages?

Significance of the Study - The importance of this study is to provide real-time alerts to users, enabling swift
response and evacuation procedures with the integration of cutting-edge technologies. This system offers a more
advanced and efficient means of detecting fire incidents. This research aimed to provide an alarm for detecting
fires that could be highly beneficial to the following: Residents/Homeowners. This study is an essential safety tool
that offers early detection, possibly saving lives, defending property, and giving homeowners peace of mind. For
establishments, this study provides early warning, saves lives, follows rules, and preserves property; fire alarms
are necessary safety equipment for buildings. Fire alarms are essential to risk management and safety in
commercial and public spaces. For schools, this study is necessary for school safety tools because they offer early
detection, life-saving notifications, and regulatory compliance. Fire alarms are crucial for safeguarding the
well-being of students, faculty, and the school's physical property. Future Researchers. This study may benefit
future researchers and provide the basis for improving and developing more high-tech fire alarms.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study - This study focused on producing an Arduino Uno Fire Alarm System
with Android Connectivity powered by a GSM Module, temperature, and smoke sensors. One primary objective is
to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed system as a potential substitute for existing commercial fire alarm
solutions. However, researchers acknowledge inherent limitations hindering further product improvement. These
limitations include natural constraints of the Android operating system, budget restrictions, resource scarcity, and

International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology 11

Gragasin, M. N. G., Cusi, K. G. D., Calle, A. M. J. M., Calabio, E. B., Enriquez, C. L. P., Dablo, I. O., et al.
insufficient personnel within the projected timeframe. Despite these limitations, the researchers remain optimistic
about the possibility of creating a novel product that challenges existing paradigms and sets a new standard in fire
safety technology. To ensure reliable communication in areas with limited or no internet access, the researchers
integrated GSM technology into the system to enhance communication reliability, as the system's ability to
provide real-time alerts may be compromised due to potential delays or notification failures. While the Arduino
Uno performs well within its intended scope, larger deployments may necessitate the adoption of a more robust
and scalable microcontroller platform to guarantee optimal responsiveness and performance in various fire safety
scenarios. By actively addressing these limitations and incorporating innovative solutions, the researchers hope to
develop a groundbreaking fire alarm system that offers enhanced safety and reliability while challenging
established industry norms. This science investigatory project was conducted at the Divine Word College of San
Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The project commenced in August 2023 and was scheduled to be completed in April
2024.

2. Methodology

Research Design - This applied research aimed to assess the practical implementation of Arduino Uno fire
alarm systems with GSM connectivity in residential settings. By evaluating user experiences, system reliability,
and real-world impact, the research seeks to provide valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of
adopting such systems for enhancing home fire safety. Applied research is an original investigation undertaken to
acquire new knowledge; it is directed primarily toward a specific, practical aim or objective. It is about using the
existing stock knowledge with the appropriate methodology for a particular purpose, usually related to resolving a
practical problem.

Data Gathering Procedure - The researchers used an observational approach, closely observing the system's
performance in real-time scenarios to test the prototype's efficiency. This included setting up regulated settings
with temperature and smoke sensors to activate the system during a simulated fire. The main observation points
were the system's fire detection response time and the effectiveness and dependability of the GSM module's alerts
to users' smartphones. The coding development stage commenced on March 21, 2024, and concluded on March 24,
2024, following the product phase from March 25, 2024, to March 26, 2024. Subsequently, the experimental phase,
utilizing trial-and-error techniques, occurred for four days, from March 30, 2024, to April 2, 2024. Furthermore,
the evaluation checklist was validated by the experts to determine the functionality of the developed device. The
seven researchers tested and evaluated the product. It took two days to finish the testing and answer the evaluation
checklist.

Research Process: Stage 1 Preparation and Gathering of Materials - Cutting-edge components and novel
materials are given priority in this project to improve the Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android
connectivity using a GSM module, temperature sensor, and smoke sensor. All the components needed to construct
the device were bought online, specifically from MarkerLab Electronics. The cost of these materials was ₱1608.
The following is a list of materials:

For the electronic device:

- Arduino Uno R3
- Temperature sensor -Smoke Sensor - Piezo Buzzer - GSM Module

Stage 2: Building and Development of the Project - Components like an Arduino board (such as the
Arduino Uno), piezo buzzer, battery, connecting wires, and smoke sensor (MQ series) are needed to build an
Arduino Uno fire alarm. Attach the buzzer to a digital pin on the Arduino Uno, power it on, and connect the smoke
sensor to the analog pin. Create a basic Arduino Uno sketch to read sensor values and sound the buzzer when
smoke is detected. Ascertain an appropriate power source and adhere to safety protocols. Maintain a fire safety
plan at all times, and think about reviewing pertinent fire alarm system standards. The components are arranged
methodically after the functional codes are entered. It took four days to finish the coding, while another two days

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 Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using GSM Module, Temperature, and Smoke Sensor
were spent developing the whole device. The last phase is to watch and record the system's operation, which takes
another two days.

Figure 1. Actual Product of Arduino Uno-Based Sound Sensor System for

Waste Sorting of Metal and Non-Metal

Stage 3: Experimental Stage, Observation and Data Recording - The Arduino Uno microcontroller
processed inputs from the temperature and smoke sensors, triggering the fire alarm upon detection of predefined
hazard levels. Participants interacted with the system, observing its responsiveness and ensuring it accurately
detected and communicated potential fire situations to an Android device through the GSM module. The
experiment included scenarios designed to test the system's real-time alerts, temperature sensitivity, smoke
detection accuracy, and effectiveness in providing timely warnings. Through rigorous testing and data collection,
this experimental stage aims to evaluate the system's functionality, reliability, and user-friendliness, contributing
valuable insights for further refinement and enhancement. This paper emphasized safeguarding residential or
industrial spaces through sensor-based surveillance and predictive measures to prevent potential issues. It
introduced advancements in wireless sensor network (WSN) techniques, proposing new design methods to
enhance cost-effective industrial and home safety systems. In addition to temperature and humidity sensors, the
study incorporates flame and gas sensors for a comprehensive safety approach. The straightforward hardware
circuit design facilitates the user-friendly implementation of this wireless home safety system. User notification is
a communication method to inform users about the system's status. An Arduino Uno device, programmed with
Android Studio, receives signals from gas, flame, temperature, and humidity sensors. To proactively assess the fire
risk, the system activates communication with the WIFI network and sends alarm notifications to mobile users
when collected data surpasses predefined threshold levels.

Statistical Treatment of the Data - The researchers used frequency and weighted mean to determine how
effective a fire alarm with Android connectivity and the Arduino Uno fire alert system with real-time
notifications are. Moreover, a t-test analysis was used to compare the performance of the Arduino Uno fire alarm
system with Android connectivity and that of a traditional fire alarm system.

3. Results and Discussions

Table 1 shows the extent of the effectiveness of a fire alarm through Android connectivity. These
advantages include a reduced false alarm rate, improved early detection reliability, and enhanced fire prevention
and mitigation effectiveness. This underscores the potential benefits of integrating modern technology, such as
Android connectivity, into fire safety systems to improve performance and efficiency. As observed in the study
by Rakshit et al. (2019), fires pose a significant risk to life and property, often caused by the chemical reaction of
carbon-based materials with oxygen, leading to flammable vapor and a rapid increase in temperature. Detecting
fires early is crucial to preventing serious accidents. This project involves creating an Arduino Uno Fire Alarm
System with Android Connectivity Using a GSM Module, Temperature Sensor, and Smoke Sensor. The system
can detect smoke and temperature changes, activate a buzzer, and send the building or property owner warning

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Gragasin, M. N. G., Cusi, K. G. D., Calle, A. M. J. M., Calabio, E. B., Enriquez, C. L. P., Dablo, I. O., et al.
messages via the GSM module. Smoke detectors are commonly used in high-security areas to prevent
fire-related injuries. The hardware includes an Arduino Uno, a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a GSM
module, and a buzzer. By detecting smoke early and sounding an alarm, this system can help evacuate people
and take immediate action to prevent the fire from spreading. Additionally, a smoke detector that activates a fan
to remove smoke has been developed in this project.

Table 1
Mean Extent of the Effectiveness of a Fire Alarm through Android Connectivity

4 3 2 1 Weighted Descriptive
Indicators
(SA) (A) (DA) (SDA) Mean Indicator

There is a significant difference in the 3 4 0 0 3.43 Strongly Agree

false alarm rate between the early
detection system and the conventional
detection method.

The reliability of early detection 4 2 1 0 3.43 Strongly Agree

systems compares to traditional systems
in terms of detecting fires accurately
and consistently.

Considering early detection, early 5 2 0 0 3.71 Strongly Agree

efficiency, and alert capabilities, the
system demonstrates a significantly
higher overall effectiveness in fire
prevention and mitigation than a
conventional system.

Overall Mean 3.52 Strongly Agree

Legend: 3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.51 - 3.25 Agree, 1.76 - 2.50 Disagree, 1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree

Table 2
Mean Level of Effectiveness of the Arduino Uno fire alert system with real-time notifications

4 3 2 1 Weighted Descriptive
Indicators
(SA) (A) (DA) (SDA) Mean Indicator

The Arduino connectivity feature 5 2 0 0 3.71 Strongly Agree

enables real-time notification of fire
alerts to designated personnel or
emergency services.

The system can automatically send 4 2 1 0 3.43 Strongly Agree

notifications to predefined contacts or
emergency responders upon detecting a
fire

Overall Mean 3.57 Strongly Agree

Legend: 3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree, 2.51 - 3.25 Agree, 1.76 - 2.50 Disagree, 1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree

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 Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using GSM Module, Temperature, and Smoke Sensor
Table 2 reveals a positive perception of the system's capabilities, particularly regarding real-time notification
and automated response to fire incidents. While there may be some minor disagreement regarding certain aspects,
the sentiment strongly favors the system's effectiveness in enhancing fire safety and emergency response
coordination. As shown in the study by Ehsan et al. (2022), studies have been conducted on systems for
delivering fire information, including those that use microcontrollers and mobile phones to provide the
information. As part of this system, MQ-2 smoke sensors are used, UVTRON fire sensors are used, a mobile
phone represents a data sender, and an ATmega32 microcontroller represents a controller. SMS is used to notify
users of fires using the SIM900, MQ-2 smoke sensors, and the LM35 temperature sensor. The system can warn
the homeowner if a fire occurs outside the house. Arduino Uno is used to control all the components.
Temperature and smoke sensors are used in this detector to help detect fires early. System components include
temperature sensors, smoke sensors, 0809 digital-to-analog converters, system controllers with AT89S52
microcontrollers, and an alarm system to indicate a fire. Upon detecting fires using temperature and smoke
sensor information, this prototype fire detection system activated an alarm as soon as the indicator sounded.

Table 3 shows the t-test results comparing the Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity
and the traditional fire alarm system. Monitoring home or industrial areas using sensors and preventing issues
through predictive measures are crucial for ensuring safety in these environments. The results proved the
rejection of the null hypothesis since the t statistic (5.83) is greater than the t critical value (2.45). Therefore, the
system's Android connectivity improves the timeliness of fire alerts and enhances emergency response
coordination. Thus, it enhances wireless sensor network (WSN) techniques by developing new design methods
and creating cost-effective safety systems for industrial and home use. This study incorporated temperature,
humidity, and flame and gas sensors to provide precise solutions. A straightforward hardware circuit design
ensures that any user can operate this wireless home safety system. Notifications were employed to inform users
about the system's status and alerts (Design and Implementation of the Mobile Fire Alarm System Using
Wireless Sensor Networks, 2016).

Table 3
t-Test Results on the Comparison of Arduino Uno Fire Alarm System with Android Connectivity and Traditional
Fire Alarm System
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Arduino Uno- Fire Alarm System Traditional Fire Alarm System
(Variable 1) (Variable 2)
Mean 3.836734694 2.602040816
Variance 0.05563654 0.120505345
Observations 7 7
Pearson Correlation -0.842674323
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 6
t Stat 5.828364915
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.000561286
t Critical one-tail 1.943180281
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.001122572
t Critical two-tail 2.446911851
Legend: *Highly Significant at p≤0.01 *Significant at p≤0.05

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 Gragasin, M. N. G., Cusi, K. G. D., Calle, A. M. J. M., Calabio, E. B., Enriquez, C. L. P., Dablo, I. O., et al.

Table 4
t-Test Results on the Difference between the Arduino Uno Fire Alarm System with Android Connectivity and
Traditional Fire Alarm System
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Arduino Uno- Fire Alarm System Traditional Fire Alarm System
(Variable 1) (Variable 2)
Mean 41.57142857 90
Variance 1070.952381 0
Observations 7 7
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 6
t Stat -3.91530499
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.003922147
t Critical one-tail 1.943180281
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.007844295
t Critical two-tail 2.446911851
Legend: *Highly Significant at p≤0.01 *Significant at p≤0.05

Table 4 shows the difference between an Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity and a
traditional fire alarm system. The statistical result shows no significant difference between the developed device
and the traditional alarm system. This implies that the development of a home fire alert system is centered
around the Arduino Uno board, enabling early detection of fires. When a fire is detected, the system triggers an
alarm. It sends SMS or call alerts to predefined mobile numbers stored within the Arduino Uno program,
facilitated by the GSM module. As signified by Yadav & Rani (2020), the utilization of various IoT devices for
home automation has surged in popularity in recent years. One crucial application of home automation through
IoT is fire detection and prevention of fire accidents. Traditional fire alarm systems entail substantial installation
costs and labor, often incorporating fire extinguishing capabilities. Thus, the Arduino Uno is useful for
monitoring the environment for potential fire incidents using fire and gas sensors, just like traditional alarms.

4. Conclusions

The evaluation of the Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity has demonstrated its
potential to improve home fire safety measures significantly. Through standardized testing and statistical
analysis, the researchers have shown that this innovative system offers enhanced capabilities for detecting fires
in their early stages compared to traditional systems. Integrating multiple sensors and Android connectivity
allows for a more comprehensive detection process and timely alert dissemination, potentially minimizing
damage and saving lives. Additionally, this system proved that Android connectivity improves the timeliness of
fire alerts and enhances emergency response coordination. Moreover, no significant difference exists between
the Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity and the traditional one. Thus, it shows the
acceptability of the device.

4.1 Recommendation

It was advised that future studies on Arduino Uno fire alarm systems connected to Android devices
concentrate on improving the incorporation of machine learning methods. In particular, researchers may
investigate the viability of using machine learning models for sensor data analysis to enhance the system's
precision in identifying and categorizing fire dangers. Conducting thorough testing and validation of the machine
learning-based fire detection algorithm under real-world scenarios will be crucial to ensuring its effectiveness in
practical applications. Researchers may optimize the algorithm's performance and enhance the reliability of early

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 Arduino Uno fire alarm system with Android connectivity using GSM Module, Temperature, and Smoke Sensor
fire detection by training the system on diverse datasets encompassing various environmental conditions and fire
events. This focused line of inquiry may significantly increase the capabilities of fire alarm systems with
Android connectivity built on Arduino Uno.

5. References

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