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20 views8 pages

Ict Asignment

Uploaded by

bluebabe005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment # 1

Information and communication Technology

Submitted to: Mam Sehrish

Submitted by: Sibgha Gelani

Roll no: 24021553-076


240123-076

Date: 02-10-2024

Section: (A)

University of Gujrat
Biotecnology
Biotechnology
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
Introduction
The word computer comes from word “compute” which means to “calculate”. The computer in recent
times become a relevant too particularly in area of storage and dissemination of information. The ease
with which the computer functions i.e. speed and accuracy. The world is becoming a global village
through the use of computer, thus there is the need for everyone to become a computer illiterate.

What is computer?
A computer is an electronic machine which process raw data input into meaningful information
and also stores it for later use. It consists of different hardware components such as CPU, RAM,
Storage devices etc.

To

Examples:
Store: To put data somewhere for safe keeping
Retrieve: To get and bring data back
Process: To calculate compare arrange
Hardware
Hardware are physical parts of computer that we can see and touch.
Example: Input/Output devices, storage devices.
Software
Software is set of instructions given to the computer to perform specific task. It is like human
soul that we cannot see and touch. It can range from simple to complex applications and system
software
Example: System software, Applications software
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER
Business
It has high speed of calculations and accuracy. It is used in business for sales analysis,
budgeting.
Health care
In medical it is used in lab diagnostic system, pharma informational system, and in
surgeries.
Military
Computers are use in defence such as for missile control, military communications and
operation planning.
Marketing
In marketing, computers are used for home shopping and advertising of marketing
product.
Education
In educational system computers are use in providing help and facilitating educational
system and e-learning courses.
Banking
Nowadays, banking is totally dependent on computers online accounting

Generations of Computers
Initially, the word generation is used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies.
Nowadays, it includes both hardware and software which together make computer system. There
are five generations known till date.
Following are the five main generations of computers.

Sr no. Generations and Description


1 First generation
The period of first generation:1946-1959.vaccum tube based

2 Second generation

The period of second generation:1959-1965.Transistor based.

3 Third generation

The period of third generation:1965-1971.Integrated Circuit based.

4 Fourth generation

The period of fourth generation :1971-1980.VLSI microprocessor


based.

5 Fifth generation

The period of fifth generation:1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor


based.

First Generation Computers


The period of first generation was from 1194-1959, In first generation computer Vaccum tubes
are used as basic components for memory circuitry for central processing unit. This generations
computer produces a lot of heat as electric bulbs.
Salient features:
• Very costly
• Huge size
• Non-portable
• Unreliable
Some Computers of this generations
• IBM-750
• UNIVAC
Second Generation Computers
The period of second generation was from 1959-1965.In this, transistors are used
that are cheaper, more efficient and compact than that of first-generation
computers. In this generation, magnetic cores were used as primary memory.
In these computers FORTAN, COBOL are used as assembly language.
Salient features

• Consume less electricity


• Smaller size tan first generations
• Use of transistor
• Faster

Example:

• CDC 164
• IBM 1620
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
The period of third generation is from 1965-1971.This generations computer used
integrated Circuits. These are smaller, reliable, and portable. High level
programming languages (PASCAL, ALGO-68) are used.
Salient features
• Faster
• Costly
• IC used

Examples
• Honeywell-6000 series
Fourth generation computers
The computers of this generation were from 1971-1980. These computers use very large-scale
integrated circuits. In VLSI 5000 transistors and other elemental circuit with associated circuits
on a single chip make it possible to have the smaller computers.
Salient features
• Small size
• VLSI technology is used
• Cheap
Examples:
• DEC 10
• PDP 11

Fifth generation computer


The period of fifth generation is from 1980 to till now. This generations is base in AI software
and parallel processing software. High-level languages are used in this generations i.e. C++ and
C.
Salient features
• ULSI technology
• Advancement in parallel processing
• Reliable
• User friendly
Examples:
• Laptop
• Ultrabook

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