1. The best answer is C.

You must multiply your options to every item. (2 shelves) x (4 beds) x (3 closets + 7 chairs) = 80
possibilities.

2. The best answer is C.

You must multiply your options to every item. (2 shelves) x (4 beds) x (3 closets + 7 chairs) = 80
possibilities.

3. The best answer is B.

Treat the two who must sit together as one person. You have two possible sitting arrangements. Then
remember that the two that sit together can switch places. So you have two times two arrangements
and a total of four.

4. The best answer is C.

For the first digit you have 9 options (from 1 to 9 with out 0), for the second number you have 9 options
as well (0 to 9 minus the first digit that was already used) and for the third digit you have 8 options left.

So the number of possibilities is 9 x 9 x 8 = 648.

5. The best answer is D.

There are (8 x 9) 72 possibilities of shirts + pants. (2 x 3) 6 Of the combinations are not allowed.
Therefore, only (72 – 6) 66 combinations are possible.

6. The best answer is A.

First digit is 1, the second is 2, the third can be (7,8,9), the forth can be (3,6,9), the fifth and the sixth are
dependent with one another. The fifth one is 3 times bigger than the sixth one, therefore there are only
3 options there: (1,3), (2,6), (3,9).

All together there are: 1 x 1 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 options.

7. The best answer is C.

The probability of picking the first jar is ½, the probability of picking up a white ball out of jar A

Is 3/(3+2) = 3/5. The probability of both events is 1/2 x 3/5 = 3/10.

8. The best answer is B.

The probability for the first one to be black is: 4/(4+6) = 2/5.

The probability for the second one to be black is: 3/(3+6) = 1/3.

The probability for the third one to be black is: 2/(2+6) = 1/4.

The probability for all three events is (2/5) x (1/3) x (1/4) = 1/30.

9. The best answer is B.

Let Z be the probability of breaking the jar, therefore the probability of both events happening is Z x
(1/X) = (1/Y). Z = X/Y.

10. The best answer is B.

The probability of the coin is independent on its previous outcomes and therefore the probability for
“head” or “tail” is always ½.

11. The best answer is A.

The total number of cards in the new deck is 12 +52 = 64.

There are (4 + 12 = 16) cards with the number 10.

The probability of drawing a 10 numbered card is 16/64 = 1/4.

12. The best answer is E.

After taking out 3 balls there are 15 left. 15/5 = 3 blue balls is the number of left after we took out 3
therefore there were 6 in the beginning.

13. The best answer is D.

The number of green and yellow balls in the box is A+2.

The total number of balls is 4A +8.

The probability of taking out a green or a yellow ball is (A+2)/(4A+8)=1/4.

14. The best answer is D.

Indicate A as the probability of Michael passing the driving test.

The probability of Sam passing the test is 1/4, the probability of both events happening together is 1/6
so: 1/4 x A = 1/6 therefore A = 2/3.

15. The best answer is B.

Indicate A as the probability of drawing a white ball from the jar.

The probability of drawing a red ball is 1/5.

The probability of drawing both events is 1/10 so, 1/5 x A = 1/10.

Therefore A = ½.

16. The best answer is C.

The basic principle of this question is that one person can’t be elected to more than one part, therefore
when picking a person for a job the “inventory” of remaining people is growing smaller.

The probability of picking a girl for the first job is 4/10 = 2/5.

The probability of picking a girl for the second job is (4-1)/(10-1) = 3/9.
The probability of picking a girl for the third job is (3-1)/(9-1) = 1/4.

The probability of all three events happening is: 2/5 x 3/9 x ¼ = 1/30.

17. The best answer is B.

When rolling two dice, there are 36 possible pairs of results (6 x 6).

A sum greater than 10 can only be achieved with the following combinations: (6,6), (5,6), (6,5).

Therefore the probability is 3/36 = 1/12.

18. The best answer is E.

The gender of the first-born is insignificant since we want all children to be of the same gender no matter
if they are all boys or girls.

The probability for the second child to be of the same gender as the first is: ½. The same probability goes
for the third child. Therefore the answer is ½ x ½ = ¼.

19. The best answer is D.

The coin is tossed three times therefore there are 8 possible outcomes

(2 x 2 x 2). We are interested only in the three following outcomes:

(0,1,1), (1,0,1), (1,1,0).

The probability requested is 3/8.

20. The best answer is A.

We want to make a 3-flower garlands, each should have three colors of flowers in it.

There are two different types of blue and two different types of red.

The options are (2 blue) x (2 red) x (1 yellow) = 4 options.

21. The best answer is A.

If 1/8 is the probability of drawing a blue ball then there are 40/8 = 5 blue balls in the jar. And with the
same principle there are 8 red balls and 4 green ones. 40 – 5 – 8 – 4 = 23 balls (yellow is the only color
left).

22. The best answer is A.

Since we want to draw at least one red ball we have four different possibilities:

1. Drawing blue-blue.

2. Drawing blue-red.

3. Drawing red-blue.

4. Drawing red-red.

There are two ways to solve this question:

One minus the probability of getting no red ball (blue-blue):

1-2/5 x ¼ = 1-2/20 = 18/20 = 9/10/

Or summing up all three good options:

Red-blue --> 3/5 x 2/4 = 6/20.

Blue-red --> 2/5 x ¾ = 6/20.

Red-red --> 3/5 x 2/4 = 6/20.

Together = 18/20 = 9/10.

23. The best answer is C.

We have 7!/(4!*3!) = 35 different possibilities for 4 days of rain out of 7 consecutive days (choosing 4 out
of seven). Every one of these 35 possibilities has the following probability: every day has the chance of ½
to rain so we have 4 days of ½ that it will rain and 3 days of ½ that it will not rain. We have ½ to the
power of 7 = 1/128 as the probability of every single event. The total is 35 x 1/128 = 35/128.
24. The best answer is D.

For every digit we can choose out of 8 digits (10 total minus 1 and 4). There are four different options:

5. No even digits

6. One even digit.

7. Two even digits.

8. Three even digits.

9. Four even digits.

The probability of choosing an odd (or an even) digit is ½.

One minus the option of no even digits: 1- (1/2)4= 15/16.

You can also sum up all of the other options (2-5).

25. The best answer is B.

Since 1 appears exactly three times, we can solve for the other four digits only. For every digit we can
choose out of 8 digits only (without 1 and 0). Since we have 4 prime digits (2, 3, 5, 7) and 4 non-prime
digits (4, 6, 8, 9), the probability of choosing a prime digit is ½.

We need at least two prime digits:

One minus (the probability of having no prime digits + having one prime digit):

There are 4 options of one prime digit, each with a probability of (1/2)4.

There is only one option of no prime digit with a probability of (1/2)4.

So: [1- ((1/2)4+(1/2)4*4)] = 11/16. – Bernoulli’s principle

26. The best answer is D.

There are three different arrangements of a boy and two girls:(boy, girl, girl), (girl, boy, girl), (girl, girl,
boy). Each has a probability of (1/2)3. The total is 3*(1/2)3=3/8.

27. The best answer is D.

Treat the three that sit together as one person for the time being. Now, you have only 6 people (5 and
the three that act as one) on 6 places: 6!=720. Now, you have to remember that the three that sit
together can also change places among themselves: 3! = 6. So, The total number of possibilities is 6!*3!
= 4320.

28. The best answer is C.

First, check Suzan: she has 4 seats left (7 minus the one in the middle and the two ends), After Suzan sits
down, the rest still have 6 places for 6 people or 6! Options to sit. The total is Suzan and the rest: 4*6! =
2880.

29. The best answer is C.

The worst case is that we take out seven balls of each color and still do not have 8 of the same color. The
next ball we take out will become the eighth ball of some color and our mission is accomplished.

Since we have 4 different colors: 4*7(of each) +1=29 balls total.

Of course you could take out 8 of the same color immediately, however we need to make sure it
happens, and we need to consider the worst-case scenario.

30. The best answer is D.

The worst case would be to take out 21 white balls, 22 green and 22 blue balls and still not having 23 of
the same color. Take one more ball out and you get 23 of either the green or the blue balls. Notice that
you cannot get 23 white balls since there are only 21, however, you must consider them since they might
be taken out also.

The total is: 21+22+22+1= 66.

31. The best answer is E.

Start checking from the smaller or bigger numbers on the dice. We will check from bigger numbers
working downwards: start with 6, it has the following options: (6,5,1), (6,4,2), (6,3,3). Now pass on to 5:
(5,5,2), (5,4,3). Now 4: (4,4,4). And that’s it, these are all number combinations that are possible, if you
go on to 3, you will notice that you need to use 4, 5 or 6, that you have already considered (the same
goes for 2 and 1). Now analyze every option: 6,5,1 has 6 options (6,5,1), (6,1,5), (5,1,6), (5,6,1), (1,6,5),
(1,5,6). So do (6,4,2) and (5,4,3). Options (6,3,3) and (5,5,2) have 3 options each: (5,5,2), (5,2,5) and
(2,5,5). The same goes for (6,3,3). The last option (4,4,4) has only one option. The total is
3*6+2*3+1=18+6+1 = 25 out of 216 (63) options.

32. The best answer is B.

We have 20 vertices linking to 17 others each: that is 17*20=340. We divide that by 2 since every
diagonal connects two vertices. 340/2=170. The vertex that does not connect to any diagonal is just not
counted.

33. The best answer is A.

We have 15 Vertices that send diagonals to 12 each (not to itself and not to the two adjacent vertices).
15*12=180. Divide it by 2 since any diagonal links 2 vertices = 90. The three vertices that do not send a
diagonal also do not receive any since the same diagonal is sent and received. Thus they are not
counted.

34. The best answer is A.

The options for a sum of 14: (6,4,4) has 3 options, (6,5,3) has 6 options, (6,6,2) has 3 options, (5,5,4) has
3 options. We have 15 options to get 14.

The options for a sum of 8: (6,1,1) has 3 options, (5,2,1) has 6 options, (4,3,1) has 6 options, (4,2,2) has 3
options, (3,3,2) has 3 options. We have 21 options to get 8.

Total: 21+15= 36/216 = 1/6.

35. The best answer is C.

The phone company already created 122*122 area codes, now it can create 124*124.

1242-1222=(124+122)(124-122) = 246*2 = 492 additional codes.

There are other ways to solve this question. However this way is usually the fastest.

36. The best answer is D.

Every letter must be chosen from 0 or 1 only. This means we have two options for every word and 28 =
256 words total.

37. The best answer is A.

The first digit has 4 options (2,4,6,8 and not 0), the second has 5 options (1,3,5,7,9) the third has 3
options (3,5,7 and not 2), the fourth has 7 options (10-3 used before) and the fifth has 6 options (10-4
used before). The total is 4*5*3*7*6=2520.

38. The best answer is C.

Getting three red out of 4 that are taken out has 4 options (4!/(3!*1!)) each option has a probability of
(1/2)4 since drawing a red or blue has a 50% chance. 4*1/16= ¼ to get three red hats. The same goes for
three blue hats so ¼+¼ =1/2.

39. The best answer is E.

Choosing 4 out of 11 books is: 11!/(4!*7!) = 330 possibilities.

40. The best answer is .

On four levels there are 4 scenarios = 16 different games. The first level has 3 different scenarios. The
total is 19 scenarios.

41. The best answer is B.

The first digit has 7 possibilities (10 – 0,3 and 6). The other three digits have 8 possibilities each.
7*8*8*8= 3584.

42. The best answer is C.

Not considering the fact that 4 cannot appear more than once, we have a total of 4*5*5*5*5=2500. Now
we deduct the possibilities where 4 does appear more than once (in this case it can appear only twice on
the two leftmost even digits). In order to do so, we put 4 in the first and second leftmost digits. The rest
of the digits are odd: 5*5*5=125. 2500-125=2375.

43. The best answer is B.

The chance of winning is 0.4 and it stays that way for all people since they return their note. The number
of different options to choose 3 winners out of 5 is 5!/(3!*2!) = 10. Each option has a chance of
0.4*0.4*0.4*0.6*0.6 = 0.02304 * 10 = 0.2304.

44. The best answer is E.

First child could be B or G, similarly 2nd and third could be B or G. Hence total number of ways =2*2*2
=8.

Favorable number of ways = all B or all G (i.e. BBB or GGG)

=2
hence P(E)= Favorable number of ways/Total number of ways
=2/8
=1/4

45. Number of ways 2 can be selected without taking the three in question. : 7C2
Number of ways 2 can be selected out of 10 = 10C2
Prob. = 7C2/10C2 = 21/45 = 7/15

46. No. of ways to pick 3 individuals out of 5 couples such that a couple is included is 5C1*8C1 = 5*8 = 40
(order of choice here doesn't matter)

Total no. of ways to pick 3 folks from ten = 10C3 = 10*9*8/(3*2) = 120

Therefore ways to select 3 individuals out of 5 couples such that no couple is included = 120-40 = 80.

47. Total no of ways: 3^4

1st sec can get a report in 4c1 ways = 4
2nd sec .........................3c1 way = 3
3rd sec...........................2c1 way = 2
last can be distributed to any of the three = 3
So probability is = 4*3*2*3/ 3^4 = 8/9

48. Lets assume the worst-case scenario.

Jerome draws an odd. Then an even. This gives an odd number. Next he draws another even. Now we
have an odd again. Then he draws an even. Again the sum is odd.
So, to sum it up,

We have 10 odd and 10 evens.

If his first draw is odd, then the next 10 are even, we still have an odd sum. The tie breaker will be the
12th card, which now has to be odd since all evens have been exhausted. So if the first card drawn is
odd, then we must DRAW 12 CARDS.

If the first is even, then the second is odd, again we have an odd number. Now we only have 9 evens
lefts, we must exhaust all of them to get an odd one. So again, 12 cards.

So the answer is 12. The 12th draw ensures an even sum.

49. It is already given that sum is 8.

So total number of events is 5 i.e. (2,6) (6,2) (3,5) (5,3) (4,4)
Events in which 5 is included 2.
So probability = 2/5.

50. Since order is important, this is a permutation problem, not a combination one
# of sequences possible = 8P3 = 336

36 unassigned => # of participants = 336-36 = 300

51. 1st we place the 11#, now there are 10 places between them and 2 on the extreme left and extreme
right of them, total places = 10 + 2 = 12

If * is placed at any of these 12 places, no 2 *'s will be together

so the number ways will be 12C8 = 12C4 = 495

52. The probability will be 1- probability that no blue marbles are selected
1- 3C2 / 10C2 = 14/15

Another method:
1 Blue - 1 Red + 1 Red - 1 blue + Both Blue = 7/10*3/9 + 3/10*7/9 + 7/10*6/9= 14/15. Since we are not
replacing the marbles, order matters and so 1 Blue- 1 Red is not the same as 1 Red- 1 Blue.

53. 1 st card that is not blue = 6/8

2nd card that is not blue = 5/ 7

= 30/56 = 15/ 28

Another method: 1 - P(at least 1 blue card)

54. 1 -(probability of same color)

1 -(5C2/10C2 + 3C2/10C2 + 2C2/10C2)

=1 - (10+3+1)/45
= 1 - 14/45 = 31/45

55. Probability that they are the same color = 1- probability that are NOT the same color.

Probability that they are not the same color = Probability of (1R-1B + 1B-1G + 1G-1R + 1B-1R + 1G-1B +
1R-1G) = 1- 24 /30 = 1/5 (**Order of color matters)