ME2102 Thermodynamics Tutorial problem sheet -2 Date: 25-08-2024

Text Book: C Borgnakke & R E Sonntag, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 8th Edition, John Wiley, 2013

1. A rigid tank with pressurized air is used (a) to increase the volume of a linear spring-loaded
piston/cylinder (cylindrical geometry) arrangement and (b) to blow up a spherical balloon. Assume that
in both cases P = A + BV with the same A and B. What the expression for the work term in each
situation? [3.23]
2. An ideal gas in a piston/cylinder is heated with 2 kJ during an isothermal process. How much work is
involved? [3.24]
3. An ideal gas in a piston/cylinder is heated with 2 kJ during an isobaric process. Is the work positive,
negative, or zero? [3.25]
4. A 1200-kg car accelerates from 30 to 50 km/h in 5s. How much work input does that require? If it
continues to accelerate from 50 to 70 km/h in 5s, is that the same? [3.29]
5. A hydraulic hoist raises a 1750 kg car 1.8 m in an auto repair shop. The hydraulic pump has a constant
pressure of 800 kPa on its piston. What is the increase in potential energy of the car and how much
volume should the pump displace to deliver that amount of work? [3.33]
6. The air drag force on a car is 0.225 AρV 2. Assume air at 290 K, 100 kPa and a car frontal area of 4 m2
driving at 90 km/h. How much energy is used to overcome the air drag driving for 30 min? [3.40]
7. Two hydraulic cylinders maintain a pressure of 1200 kPa. One has a cross-sectional area of 0.01 m2,
the other 0.03 m2. To deliver work of 1 kJ to the piston, how large a displacement V and piston motion
H are needed for each cylinder? Neglect Patm. [3.42]
8. A 2 kg piston accelerates to 20 m/s from rest. What constant gas pressure is required if the area is 10
cm2, the travel is 10 cm, and the outside pressure is 100 kPa? [3.44]
9. A 25 kg piston is above a gas in a long vertical cylinder. Now the piston is released from rest and
accelerates up in the cylinder, reaching the end 5 m higher at a velocity of 25 m/s. The gas pressure
drops during the process, so the average is 600 kPa with an outside atmosphere at 100 kPa. Neglect the
change in gas kinetic and potential energy and find the needed change in the gas volume. [3.45]
10. Air in a spring-loaded piston/cylinder setup has a pressure that is linear with volume, P = A + BV. With
an initial state of P = 150 kPa, V = 1 L and a final state of 800 kPa, V = 1.5 L. Find the work done by
the air. [3.49]
11. A piston/cylinder contains 2 kg of water at 20 oC with a volume of 0.1 m3. By mistake someone locks
the piston, preventing it from moving while we heat the water to saturated vapor. Find the final
temperature and volume and the process work. [3.52]
12. A nitrogen gas goes through a polytropic process with n = 1.3 in a piston/cylinder. It starts out at 600
K, 600 kPa and ends at 800 K. Is the work positive, negative, or zero? [3.53]
13. Find the phase and the missing properties of P, T, v, u, and x for water at: [3.71]
(a) 500 kPa, 100 oC
(b) 5000 kPa, u = 800 kJ/kg
(c) 5000 kPa, v = 0.06 m3/kg
(d) −6 oC, v = 1 m3/kg
14. Indicate the location of the four states in Problem 13 as points in both the P–v and T–v diagrams. [3.72]
15. Find the missing property of P, T, v, u, h, and x and indicate the states in a P–v and a T–v diagram for
water at 5000 kPa, u = 1000 kJ/kg. [3.74]
16. A constant-pressure piston/cylinder assembly contains 0.2 kg of water as saturated vapor at 400 kPa. It
is now cooled so that the water occupies half of the original volume Find the work and heat transfer
done in the process. [3.90]
17. A piston/cylinder contains 1.5 kg of water at 200 kPa, 150 oC. It is now heated by a process in which
pressure is linearly related to volume to a state of 600 kPa, 350 oC. Find the final volume, the heat
transfer, and the work in the process. [3.97]

18. Water in a 150 L closed, rigid tank is at 100 oC and 90% quality. The tank is then cooled to －10 oC.
Calculate the heat transfer for the process. [3.103]
19. A piston/cylinder arrangement contains 5 kg of water at 100 oC with x =
20% and the piston, of mp = 75 kg, resting on some stops, as shown in the
figure. The outside pressure is 100 kPa, and the cylinder area is A = 24.5
cm2. Heat is now added until the water reaches a saturated vapor state.
Find the initial volume, final pressure, work, and heat transfer terms and
show the P–v diagram. [3.177]

20. An escalator raises a 100 kg bucket 10 m in 1 min. Determine the rate of work in the process. [3.187]
21. The heaters in a spacecraft suddenly fail. Heat is lost by radiation at the rate of 100 kJ/h, and the
electric instruments generate 75 kJ/h. Initially, the air is at 100 kPa and 25 oC with a volume of 10 m3.
How long will it take to reach an air temperature of －20 oC ? [3.190]
22. Electric power is volts times amperes (P = VI). When a car battery at 12 V is charged with 6 amps for 3
h, how much energy is delivered? [3.200]
23. A rigid tank is divided into two rooms, both
containing water, by a membrane, as shown in
the figure. Room A is at 200 kPa, v = 0.5 m3/kg,
VA = 1 m3, and room B contains 3.5 kg at 0.5
MPa, 400 oC. The membrane now ruptures and
heat transfer takes place so that the water comes
to a uniform state at 100 oC. Find the heat
transfer during the process. [3.210]