Multiple choice Question Bank

Q1) A pixel of black-white image or graphic object take space in memory

A) 1 bit B) 2 bits C) 1 byte D) 1 nibble

Q2) The process of representing continuous graphic objects as a collection of discrete pixels
is called
A) Animation B) Rasterization C) Scan Conversion
D) Sampling

Q3) A pixel of gray-scale image or graphic object take space in memory

A) 1 bit B) 1 byte C) 1 nibble D) 3 bytes

Q4) The process of determining the suitable pixels for representing image or graphic object is
called
A) Animation B) Rasterization C) Scan-Conversion
D) Quantization

Q5) A pixel of color image or graphic object takes space in memory

A) 1 bit B) 3 bytes C) 2 bytes D) 1 byte

Q6) A graphical technique in which an object is transformed into another in such a way that
the change appears to be smooth and not rapid is called
A) Mapping B) Scan-Conversion C) Sampling D) Quantization

Q7) The resolution of an image is

A) Number of pixels per unit area
B) Number of pixels per unit length in horizontal
C) Number of pixels per unit length in vertical
D) None of these

Q8) The size of a 640*480 image at 240 pixels per inch is

A) 8/3*2 inches
B) 2*2 inches
C) 3*2 inches
D) none of these

Q9) The resolution of 2*2 inch image that has 512*512 pixels is
A) 256*256 pixels per inch
B) 256 pixels per inch
C) 128*128 pixels per inch
D) 128 pixels per inch

Q10) If an image has a height of 2 inches and aspect ratio of 1.5 then its width is
A) 3 inches
B) 0.75 inches
C) 0.75*0.75 inches
D) 1.5*1.5 inches
Q11) If we want to resize a 1024*746 image to one that is 640 pixels wide with the same
aspect ratio, the height of resized image would be
A) 768
B) 512
C) 480
D) 1024
Q12) CMY co-ordinates of a color at (0.2, 1, 0.5) in the RGB space are
A) (1.2,2,1.5)
B) (2.2,2,2.5)
C) (0.8,0,0.5)
D) (0.1,0.5,0.25)

Q13) RGB co-ordinates of a color at (0.15, 0.75, 0) in CMY space

A) (0.85,0.25,1)
B) (1.15,1.75,1)
C) (2.15,2.75,2)
D) None of these

Q14 If we use direct coding of RGB values with 2 bits per primary color, how many possible
colors do we have for each pixel?
a) 32 b) 64 c) 128 d) 16

Q15 If we use 12 bit pixel values in a lookup table representation, how many entries does the
lookup table have?
a) 4096 b) 12 c) 2048 d) 96

Q16 Persistence can be defined as

a) Intensity of a pixel
b) Pixels per unit area
c) The duration of phosphorescence exhibited by a phosphor
d) Number of pixels in an image

Q17 The path the electron beam takes at the end of each refresh cycle is called:
a) horizontal retrace
b) vertical retrace
c) diagonal retrace
d) left to right retrace

Q18 The path the electron beam takes when returning to the left side of the CRT screen is
called
a) horizontal retrace
b) vertical retrace
c) diagonal retrace
d) top to bottom retrace

Q19 Frame buffer is used to store

a) only pixels
b) only intensities of pixels
c) image definition
d) coordinate values of image

Q20 The best line drawing algorithm among all possible line drawing algorithm is
a) DDA
b) Algorithm which uses direct equation of line
c) Bresenham’s algorithm
d) None of them
 Q21 The value of initial decision parameter in bresenham’s line drawing algorithm for
│m│<1 is:
a) 2∆y - ∆x
b) 2∆y + ∆x
c) -2∆y + ∆x
d) -2∆y - ∆x

Q22 The best circle drawing algorithm among all possible circle drawing algorithm is:
a) algorithm uses direct equation of circle
b) algorithm uses polar coordinate form
c) bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm
d) mid point circle drawing algorithm

Q23, The value of initial decision parameter in mid point circle drawing algorithm is:
a) 3-2r
b) 5/4-r
c) 1-2r
d) 3-r

Q24 Points P1(3.2 ,7.8) and P2(3.7,7.1) are both represented by pixel
a) (3,8)
b) (4,7)
c) (3,7)
d) (4,8)

Q25 Pixel phasing is an anti-aliasing technique based on

a) hardware
b) software
c) both hardware and software
d) none of these

Q26: The transformation that enhances or reduces the size of object is called
(a) Translation
(b) Scaling
(c) Shear
(d) Rotation

Q27: The transformation that changes the coordinate positions of an object along a circular
path is called
(a) Translation
(b) Scaling
(c) Rotation
(d) Reflection

Q28: The transformation that changes the coordinate position of an object along a straight
line path is called
(a) Translation
(b) Scaling
(c) Rotation
(d) Reflection

Q29: The result of two successive 2D rotations R(Q1) and R(Q2) is

(a) R(Q1+Q2)
(b) R(Q1.Q2)
(c) R(Q1-Q2)
 (d) R(Q1/Q2)

Q30: If we take mirror reflection of a point(x, y) along x-axis and the position of point after
mirror reflection is denoted by (x’, y’), then
(a) x’=x ,y’=-y
(b) x’=-x ,y’=y
(c) x’=x ,y’=y
(d) x’=-x, y’=-y

Q31: The Bezier-B-Spline approximation provides for the control of curve shape
(a) Local
(b) Global
(c) Not
(d) None of them

Q32: When projection lines perpendicular to the view plane, then such type of projection is
called
(a) Parallel
(b) Perspective
(c) Orthographic
(d) Oblique

Q33: A polygon is called ------- if the line joining any two interior points of the polygon lies
completely inside the polygon
(a) Concave
(b) Convex
(c) Positively oriented polygon
(d) Negatively oriented polygon

Q34: In Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the bitwise logical AND of the region
codes is 0000, then line is
(a) Visible
(b) Not visible
(c) A candidate for clipping
(d) None of these

Q35: A spline curve is specified by giving a set of coordinate positions, called

(a) Interpolate points
(b) Control points
(c) Approximate points
(d) Polygon points

Q36) Which of the following transformations are non-commutative

A) linear followed by scaling
B) linear followed by rotation
C) scaling followed by rotation
D) none of the above

Q37) Reflection of a pointy about x-axis followed by a counter-clockwise rotation of 90°, is

equivalent to reflection about the line
A) x=-y
B) y=-x
C) x=y
D) x + y=1
Q38) Which one of the following is not a linear transformation?
A) F:R³–›R² defined by f(x, y, z)=(x, z)
B) F:R³–›R³ defined by f(x, y, z)=(x,y-1,z)
C) F:R²–›R³ defined by f(x, y)=(2x,y-x)
D) F:R²–›R² defined by f(x, y)=(y, x)

Q39) Raster system display a picture from a definition in a

A) display file program
B) frame buffer
C) display controller
D) none of the above

Q40) Back face removal is an example of

A) object space method
B) image space method
C) combination of both
D) none of the above

Q41) A bilinear transformation can be simulated

A) translation, rotational and stretching
B) translation and rotation
C) rotation, stretching and inversion
D) rotation, stretching, inversion, and translation

Q42) Choose the correct answer- To construct the rectangle ABCD, it is enough if
A) The length and breadth are given
B) The vertices A and B are given
C) The vertex A and the length of diagonal are given
D) The vertices A and C are given

Q43) Surfaces that are rough, or grainy, tend to scatter the reflected light in all directions.
This scattering light is called
a) Specular Reflection
b) Diffuse Reflection
c) Point Reflection
d) Object Reflection

Q44) Spline representations in which the degree of a spline polynomial can be set
independently of the number of control points
a) B-Spline
b) Beizer Spline
c) Hermite Spline
d) Cardinal Spline

Q45) Spline curve always pass through what control points

a) First and last
b) First and second
c) Last and second last
d) All control points

Q46) Cubic Bezier Curves are generated by what number of control points
a) 6
b) 4
c) 5
d) 2
Q47) Shadow-mask methods are commonly used in
a) Raster-Scan Systems
b) LED
c) DVST
d) LCD

Q48) In B-Spline curve, if control points are n+1, then the curve is described with the number
of blending functions
a) n
b) n+1
c) n-1
d) n+2

Q49) Front, side and rear orthographic projections of an object are called
a) Plan View
b) Elevations
c) Axonometric
d) Isometric

Q50) In orthographic projection, when the direction of projection makes equal angles with
exactly two of principal axes, then such projection is called
a) Isometric
b) Dimetric
c) Trimetric
d) Cavalier

Q51) In hidden surface removal algorithms, when visibility is decided point by point at each
pixel position on the projection plane, then such type of technique is called
a) Object-space
b) Image-space
c) Pixel-space
d) None of them

Q52) In visible-surface detection methods, painter’s algorithm is also called

a) Depth-sorting method
b) Scan-line method
c) A-buffer method
d) Depth-buffer method

Q53)If the eccentricity of a conic is less than one then it is a

(a) Circle
(b) Parabola
(c) Ellipse
(d) Hyperbola

Q54) Parabola can be got from a right circular cone, by cutting it through a plane that is
(a) Parabola to the side of cone
(b) Perpendicular to the axis of cone
(c) A tangent to the cone
(d) Parallel to the axis of cone

Q55) Fractals deal with curves that are

(a) Irregularly irregular
(b) Regularly irregular
 (c) Irregularly regular
(d) Regularly regular

Q56) A circle, if scaled in only one dimension becomes a/an

(a) Parabola
(b) Hyperbola
(c) Ellipse
(d) Remains a circle

Q57) Let R be the radius of circle .The angle subtended by an arc of length R at the centre of
circle is
(a) 1 degree
(b) 1 radian
(c) 45 degrees
(d) impossible to determine

Q58) Choose the correct statement- Given three non-linear points.

(a) It is always possible to draw a circle passing through the three points.
(b) It may or may not be possible to draw a circle passing through the three points.
(c) It is impossible to draw a circle passing the three points.
(d) None of the above.

Q59) (2, 4) is a point on a circle that has centre at the origin .Which of the following point(s)
is/are also on the circle?
(a) (2,-4)
(b) (-2,4)
(c) (4,-2)
(d) (-4,2)

Q60) Aspect ratio is generally defined as the ratio of the

(a) Vertical to the horizontal points
(b) Horizontal to vertical points
(c) Vertical to (horizontal+ vertical) points
(d) Either (a) or (b) ,depending on the convention followed

Q61) Let F:R2 -> R2 be the mapping defined by F(x, y)=(x/3,y/4).The image under F of the
ellipse X2/9+y2/16=1 ,is
(a) The circle x2+y2=1
(b) The line x/3+y/4=1
(c) The ellipse x2/27+y2/64=1
(d) None of these

Q62) The line joining (-1,0) and (4,5) ,if clipped against this window will connect the points
(a) (0,1) and (3,3)
(b) (0,1) and (2,3)
(c) (0,1) and (4,5)
(d) none of above

Q63)The line segment joining (1,1) and (4,2) if clipped against this window will connect the
points
(a) (0,1) and (3,3)
(b) (0,1) and (2,3)
(c) (1,1) and (4,2)
(d) none of the above
Q64)The line 2x-y+4=0 ,if clipped against this window will connect the points
(a) (0,1) and (3,3)
(b) (0,1) and (2,3)
(c) (1,2) and (3,4)
(d) none of the above

Q65)The best hidden surface removal algorithm is

(a) Painters
(b) Depth buffer
(c) Area subdivision
(d) Depends on the application

Q66) Engineering drawing commonly applies

(a) Oblique projection
(b) Orthographic projection
(c) Perspective projection
(d) None of the above

Q67) The basic elements of a picture in volume graphics is

(a) Pixel
(b) Volsel
(c) Voxel
(d) None of the above

Q68) The point at which a set is projected parallel lines appear to converge is called as a
(a) convergence point
(b) vanishing point
(c) point of illusion
(d) point of delusion

Q69) Consider the three points ,A(3,6,4);B(2,5,5);C(0,3,7) and the view point V(1,4,6).
(a) C hides A and E, if viewed from V
(b) C hides A but not B, if viewed from V
(c) A hidesn B but not C, if viewed from V
(d) B hides A but not C, if viewed from V

Q70) In displaying a clipped picture , the efficient method is

(a) clipping against a window and then applying the window transformation
(b) applying window transformation and then clipping against the viewport
(c) both (a) and (b) have the same efficiency
(d) efficiency depends on whether the window is an aligned rectangle or not

Q71) A viewgraph is
(a) an oversized slide designed for presentation on an overhead projector
(b) designed and created by exposing film of the graphics system
(c) a hardcopy chart
(d) none of the above
Q72) the best suited hidden surface algorithm to deal with the non polygonal, non planar
surface patches
Is
a) painter’s algorithm
b) z-buffer algorithm
c) ray tracing
d) scan line algorithm

Q73) Assuming that one allows 256 depth value level to be used, how much memory would a
512*512 pixel display required to store down z-buffer
a) 512K
b) 256K
c) 1024K
d) 128K

Q74) The workstation transformation maps the normalized device screen on to a physical
device whose x-extent is 0 to 10 and y-extent is to 0 to 20 where the origin is the lower left
corner is

a) 10 00 00
00 20 00
00 00 01

b) 00 10 00
20 00 00
00 00 01

c) 00 00 01
00 20 00
10 00 00

d) 10 00 00
00 20 20
00 00 01

Q75) In the previous question, if the origin is the upper left corner, the workstation
transformation matrix is
a) 10 00 00
00 20 00
00 00 01

b) 00 10 00
20 00 00
00 00 01

c) 00 00 01
00 20 00
10 00 00

d) 10 00 00
00 20 20
00 00 01
Q76) A transformation that distorts the shape of an object such that the transformed shape
appears as if the object were composed of internal layers that had been caused to slide over
each other, such transformation is called
a) Shear
b) Translation
c) Reflection
d) Rotation

Q77) An area on a display device to which a window is mapped is called

a) Window
b) View-port
c) Monitor
d) Workstation

Q78) The region against which an object is to clipped is called

a) Clip Window
b) Clip View-port
c) Clip Area
d) Clip Region

Q79) A fast method for rendering an object with polygon surface is

a) Ground Shading
b) Flat Shading
c) Phong Shading
d) Fast Phong Shading

Q80) A best method for hidden surface removal is

a) BSP-Tree Method
b) Depth-Sorting Method
c) Scan-Line Method
d) A-buffer Method

Q81) A frame buffer array is addressed in row-major order for a monitor with co-ordinate
locations varying from (0,0) to (100,100). Assuming that one bit of storage is required per
pixel and address of (0,0) is 0000, the address of the co-ordinate position (5,10) is given by
a) 1015
b) 515
c) 1005
d) 505

Q82) Which display device is best suited for CAD systems?

a) A CRT with vector refresh monitor
b) A CRT with raster scan monitor
c) Plasma panel display
d) LED display

Q83) When the computer is not able to maintain operation and display, bright spots occur in
the screen. This is called as
a) dropping out
b) snowing
c) flickering
d) blanking
Q84) All the following hidden surface algorithms employ image space approach except
a) back face removal
b) depth buffer method
c) scan line method
d) depth sort method

Q85) The best hidden surface removal method(s) used for complex scenes with more than a
few thousand surfaces is/are
a) depth sorting method
b) scan line algorithm
c) depth buffer algorithm
d) octree method

Q86) The anti-aliasing technique which allows shift of ¼, ½ and ¾ of a pixel diameter
enabling a closer path of a line is
a) pixel phasing
b) filtering
c) intensity compensation
d) sampling technique

Q87) The subcategories of orthographic projection are

a) cavalier, cabinet, isometric
b) cavalier, cabinet
c) isometric, diametric, trimetric
d) isometric, cavalier, trimetric

Q88) The clarity of a displayed image depends on the

a) resolution
b) floating point precision of the system
c) associated software
d) aspect ratio

Q89) Which of the following is an odd function?

a) f(x)=x2-|x|
b) f(x)=sin(x)+cos(x)
c) f(x)=(x)(ax+1)/(ax-1)
d) none of the above

Q90) In multiple transformation, which of the following are commutative?

a) Successive transformations of the same kind
b) Rotation about a fixed point and translation
c) Uniform scaling and rotation
d) (a) and (b)

Q91) In the raster-scan method for transformation, a 900 rotation can be performed by
a) reversing the order of bits within each row in the frame buffer
b) by performing XOR on the frame buffer location
c) by coping each row of the block into a column in the new frame buffer location
d) none of the above

Q92) In the clipping algorithm of Cohen & Sutherland using region codes, a line is already
clipped is the,
a) codes of the end points are the same
b) logical AND of the end points code is not 0000
c) logical OR of the end points code is 0000
 d) logical AND of the end points code is 0000

Q93) Choose the function that are periodic

a) f(x)=x-|x|; where [x] stands for the greatest integer<=x
b) f(x)=| cos(x) |
c) f(x)=(x) cos(x)
d) f(x)=sin(1/x), if x!=0; 0 otherwise

Q94) In Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm for polygon clipping, assume P (present point) lies
inside the window and S (previous point) lies outside the window. Then, while processing
through that window boundary, we should
a) store the intersection point of the line PS (S’) only
b) store the points P and S’
c) store the point P only
d) store the points S and S’

Q95) Random-scan monitors are also referred to as

a) vector display
b) stroke writing display
c) calligraphic display
d) none of the above

Q96) The refresh rate below which a picture flickers is

a) 25
b) 30
c) 35
d) 60

Q97) Pixel phasing is a technique for

a) shading
b) anti-aliasing
c) hidden line removal
d) none of the above

Q98) When several types of output devices are available in a graphic installation, it is
convenient to use
a) bundled attributes
b) unbundled attributes
c) inquiry attributes
d) none of the above

Q99) Which of the following point lies on the same side as the origin, with reference to the
line 3x+7y=2 ?
a) (3,0)
b) (1,0)
c) (0.5,0.5)
d) (0.5,0)

Q100) If (a,b,c) X (1,3,1) = (2,1,6), where X denotes the vector product, then (a,b,c) is given
by
a) (0,1,1)
b) (k,0,1-k) for any real k
c) (-1,2,-7)
d) there exists no solution
Q101.) The point (4,1) undergoes the following three transformations successively.
1) Reflection about the line y =x
2) Translation through a unit of 2 units along the positive X-axis.
3) Rotation through an angle of π/4 about the origin in the counter
clockwise direction.
The final position of the point will be)
a)(-1/√2,7/√2)
b) (1,4)
c) (3/√2,-5/√2)
d) (3/√2,5/√2)

Q102.) Let the maximum number of pixels in a line be M. The number of subdivisions at the
most necessary using the min point sub division method of clipping is
a) N=log2 M
b) N=2M
c) N =2M
d) None of the above

Q103) Find the incorrect statement(s). A perspective projection produces realistic views.
a) A parallel projection preserves realistic dimensions.
b) A perspective projection preserves realistic dimensions.
c) A parallel projection gives realistic representations of 3-D objects.

Q104). The people of the planet Mars designed a scale for measuring the temperature in
which water freezes at 100 units and boils at 250 units. The people of Jupiter designed a scale
in which water freezes at 75 units and boils at 300 units. A temperature of 200 units in Mars
will measure _______in Jupiter.
a) 300 b) 225 c) 250 d) 175

Q105). The two scales coincide at

a) 130 b) 165 c) 150 d) 170

Q106). Oblique projection with an angle of 45 to horizontal position is called as

a) Cabinate projection
b) Isometric projection
c) Cavalier projection
d) None of the above

Q107) Which of the following curves are symmetric around the line x=y?
a) 1+x+y=0
b) y=|x|
c) y=x³
d) | x | + | y | =9

Q108) Choose the correct statement(s)

a) Random scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time.
 b) The components line of a random scan picture must be refreshed in a particular order.
c) Raster scan monitors draw a picture one line at a time.
d) Random scan method is well suited for displaying shading and colors areas.

Q109.) The perspective anomaly in which the object behind the centre of the projection is
projected upside down and forward onto the view [plane is called as
a) Perspective foreshortening
b) Vanishing view
c) View confusion
d) Topological distortion

Q110.) Which statements about the beam penetration method for producing color display is
/are true?
a) It is used with raster scan monitors.
b) It is used with random scan monitors.
c) By using beam penetration method a wide range of colours can be
obtained.
d) It uses three electron guns, one for each red, green and blue.

Q111.) X=at²; y=2at, is the parametric equation of a

a) Circle
b) Rectangular parabola
c) Parabola
d) Ellipse

Q112.) A line connecting the points (1,1) and (5,3) is to be drawn , using the DDA algorithm.
Find the values of x and y increments.
a) x-increment=1; y-increment=1
b) x-increment=0.5; y=increment=1
c) x-increment=1; y=increment=0.5
d) None of the above

Q113.) The entire graph of the function f(x) = x² + Kx – x + 9 is strictly above the x-axis if
and only if
a) -3 < k < 5
b) -3 < k < 2
c) -3 < k < 7
d) -5 < k < 7
Q114.) The phenomenon of having a continuous glow of a beam on the screen even after it is
removed is called as
a) Fluorescence
b) Persistence
c) Phosphorescence
d) Incandescence

Q115). Perform window to viewport transformation for the point (20,15) Assume that
(Xvmin, Yvmin) is (0,0) ) (Xwmax.Ywmax) is (100,100) ; (Xvmin, Yvmin) is (5,5);
(Xvmax,Yvmax) is (20,20). The value of x and y the Viewport is
a) x=4, y =4
b) x =3, y =3
c) x =8, y =7.25
d) x =3, y =4

Q116). Example of Presentation Graphics is

(a) Batch charts
(b) CAD
(c) Line Graphs
(d) a & c

Q117). The technique used to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific and
economic data is
(a) Computer art
(b) Image processing
(c) Presentation graphics
(d) None of the above

Q118). Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are often
used for
(a) Entertainment
(b) Quality control
(c) Education aid
(d) None of the above

Q119). Special system designed for some training applications are known as
(a) GUI
(b) Simulators
(c) Video display devices
(d) None of the above

Q120). Computer graphics methods are now commonly used in making

(a) Motion pictures
(b) Music videos
(c) Television shows
(d) all of the above

Q121). Graphics and Image processing techniques used to produce a transformation of one
person into another is called
(a) Animation
(b) Morphine
(c) Half toning
(d) None of the above

Q122). Refresing on raster scan displays is carried out at the arte of

(a) 60 to 80 frames per sec
(b) 40 to 60 frames per sec
(c) 30 to 60 frames per sec
(d) None of the above

Q123). The amount of light emitted by the phosphor coating depends on the
(a) Number of electrons striking the screen
(b) Speed of electrons striking the screen
(c) Distance from the cathode to the screen
(d) None of the above

Q124). The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is
referred to as
(a) Resolution
(b) Persistence
(c) Attenuation
(d) None of the above
Q125). Gray scale is used in
(a) Monitors that have colour capability
(b) Monitors that have no colour capability
(c) Random scan displays
(d) None of the above

Q126) Shadow mask methods produce

(a) Wider range of colors than beam penetration
(b) Smaller range of colors than beam penetration
(c) Equal number of colors as in beam penetration
(d) None of the above

Q127). A common device for drawing, positioning or interactively selecting co-ordinate

positions on an object is
(a) Digitizer
(b) Data glove
(c) Joystick
(d) None of the above

Q128). In the Bresenhan's algorithm, error term is initialized to

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) -1/2
(d) None of the above

Q129). A circle drawn on the screen appears to be elliptical

(a) Screen has rectangular shape
(b) CRT is not completely spherical
(c) It is due to the aspect ratio of the monitor
(d) Our eyes are not at the same level as the screen

Q130). In the generation of circle by Bresenhan's algorithm, it is simple to generate

(a) All octants
(b) One octant first and others by successive reflection
(c) One octant first and others by successive rotation
(d) One octant first and others by successive translation

Q131). Which of the following algorithms can be used for circle generation?
(a) Bresenham's algorithm
(b) Midpoint algorithm
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Q132). Which of the following pixels will not be "ON" for drawing an origin-centered circle
with radius 8?
(a) 0,8
(b) 1,8
(c) 4,6
(d) 5,6

Q133). Window is associated with

(a) Object
(b) Image
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Q134). A line with end point codes as 0000 and 0100 is

(a) Partially invisible
(b) Completely visible
(c) Trivially visible
(d) Completely invisible

Q135). Which of the following techniques is used in Midpoint Subdivision algorithm?

(a) Binary search
(b) Bubble sort
(c) Linear search
(d) Sequential search

Q136). Clipping algorithm which follows "Divide and conquer" strategy is

(a) Sutherland - Cohen algorithm
(b) 4 - bit algorithm
(c) Midpoint subdivision
(d) Cyrus - Beck algorithm

Q137). Which of the following are transformations?

(a) Translation
(b) Rotation
(c) Shearing
(d) All of the above

Q138) How many matrices are required to rotate an object about a point (x, y)
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

Q139). Panning on the screen can be achieved by

(a) Translation and back scaling
(b) Only translation
(c) Scaling, translation and back scaling
(d) Translation, scaling and back translation

Q140). Dragging in computer graphics can be achieved through following transformations:

(a) Translation
(b) Rotation
(c) Scaling
(d) Reflection
Q141) In 2D graphics, the transformation 0 1 0 results in:
1 0 0
0 0 1
(a) Reflection about line y=x
(b) Reflection about line y= -x
(c) Reflection about line y=0
(d) Shearing about x - axis

Q142). If the direction of rotation is 'z' axis, then direction of positive rotation is:
(a) Y to Z
(b) Z to X
(c) X to Y
(d) Y to X

Q143). Anticlockwise rotation of 90 degrees about z-axis would transfer a point

(a) On positive x-axis to negative y-axis
(b) On positive x-axis to y-axis
(c) On positive x-axis to y-axis
(d) On positive x-axis to negative y-axis

Q144). Pick out the wrong statement

(a) In local scaling, if Sx=Sy, then shape is retained
(b) In overall scaling, shape is never distorted
(c) When shearing transformation is applied to any object, then its shape is distorted
(d) None of the above

Q145). Perspective projection of the point [2,3,1] on Z=0 plane with the eye placed at (0,0,-
10) is :
(a) (20/11,30/11,0)
(b) (20/10,30/10,0)
(c) (2/10,3/10,0)
(d) (-2/10,-3/10,0)

Q146). Maximum numbers of vanishing points that can appear in case of a 3-D object are
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 1

Q147). If center of projection lies on y-axis, then vanishing point appears at :

(a) X-axis
(b) Y-axis
(c) Z-axis
(d) None of the above

Q148). If center of projection is on X-axis, then

(a) P= -1/Xc
(b) Q= -1/Xc
(c) P= 1/Xc
(d) P= Xc

Q149). Depth sort or priority algorithm is also called

(a) Franklin's algorithm
(b) Painter's algorithm
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Q150). Which of the following algorithms deal with non polygonal, non planar surface
patches?
(a) Painter's algorithm
(b) Franklin's algorithm
(c) Z-buffer algorithm
(d) Ray-tracing algorithm

Q151). Which algorithm is used to determine which objects and surfaces will obscure those
objects and surfaces that are behind them rendering a more realistic image?
(a) Ray-tracing algorithm
(b) Z-buffer algorithm
(c) Hidden surface algorithm
(d) None of the above

Q152). "DEPTH OF A POLYGON" is a major difficulty in the implementation of

(a) Painter's algorithm
(b) Ray-tracing algorithm
(c) Hidden surface removal algorithm
(d) None of the above

Q153). Which of the following is not a hidden surface removal algorithm?

(a) Depth sort
(b) Painter's algorithm
(c) Z-buffer
(d) None of the above

Q154). Which of the following editing commands can be used to manipulate a solid
(a) Subtraction
(b) Addition
(c) Intersection
(d) all of the above

Q155). Which of the following is the simplest form of a 3D volumetric raster model
(a) Spatial enumeration
(b) Cell decomposition
(c) Boundary representation
(d) Sweep representation

Q156). Which of these is not rendered using Particle based system

(a) Grass clumps
(b) Waterfalls
(c) Oceans
(d) Fireworks

Q157). Which of the following methods will be used in construction of bridges?

(a) Volume rendering
(b) Particle system
(c) Procedural modeling
(d) Grammar based modeling

Q158). Which of the following is not the attribute of particle system?

(a) Initial position
(b) Initial velocity
(c) Initial size
(d) None of the above

Q159). Which of the following is not the part of sociostatistical models?

(a) Population density
(b) Highway patterns
(c) Zone maps
(d) Height maps

Q160). Local constraints check

(a) Street patterns
(b) Population density
(c) Textures
(d) None of these

Q161). Pick out the correct statement for Bezier curves

(a) Best curves are drawn when starting and end slope of the curves are same
(b) A curve is proper only if cubic polynomials for X and Y is identical
(c) Control points may lies anywhere on the screen
(d) Control points should be so placed that values of X coordinates are in increasing order

Q162). In computer graphics, a cubic polynomial is chosen to draw a Bezier curve. Pick out the
WRONG one out of the following reasons
(a) It is not possible to draw various shapes with lower order polynomial
(b) Order of polynomial must be odd
(c) Very high order results in more computations
(d) None of these

Q163). To draw two smoothly joining quadratic Bezier curves, one needs
(a) 5 control points
(b) 10 control points
(c) 9 control points
(d) 8 control points

Q164). Slope of a quadratic Bezier curve at the end of the curve is controlled by
(a) First two and last two control points
(b) Last 4 control points
(c) Any 4 control points lying on the curve
(d) All are correct

Q165). A Bezier curve drawn with control points A0,A1,A2 can be altered by changing
(a) A0 and A2 only
(b) A1 and A2 only
(c) A and A1 or A1 and A2
(d) Any point
Q166). Which of the following statements is false with respect to Phong Shading?
(a) It is also known as normal vector interpolation shading
(b) It displays more realistic highlights
(c) It greatly reduces the Mach band effect
(d) It was developed by Gouraud Phong

Q167). Surfaces that is rough, or grainy. Tend to scatter the reflected light in all directions. This
scatter phenomenon is known as
(a) Spectral reflection
(b) Specular reflection
(c) Diffuse reflection
(d) None of the above

Q168). _____________ reflections are constant over each surface in a scene, independent of the
viewing direction
(a) Diffuse
(b) Specular
(c) Spectral
(d) Constant

Q169). Dominant frequency determines which aspect of light

(a) Color
(b) Hue
(c) Dominant wavelength
(d) All of the above

Q170). CMY color model has 4 color phosphors

(a) Cyan, magenta, yellow, black
(b) Cyan, magenta, red, white
(c) Cyan, magenta, yellow, white
(d) All of the above

Q171). RGB color model is based on

(a) Principle of light
(b) NTSC standard
(c) Tristimulus theory of vision
(d) CIE

Q172). In XYZ model, luminance is contained in

(a) X parameter
(b) Y parameter
(c) Z parameter
(d) None of the above

Q173). Colors are not represented in which mode

(a) Palettes
(b) High color
(c) True color
(d) RGB

Q174). In which of the given areas, multimedia has no role to play

(a) Education
(b) Video conferencing
(c) Travel and tours
(d) None of the above

Q175). Which of the following factors influence the quality of the multimedia based communication
(a) End system heterogeneity
(b) Synchronization of multimedia and hypermedia documents
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Q176). Audio signals are digitized with the help of

(a) ADC
(b) DAC
(c) AVI
(d) WAV

Q177). Which of the following is not output hardware?

(a) Amplifier
(b) Speaker
(c) Monitor
(d) Digital camera

Q178). Which of the following devices can be used to splash your work onto big screen surfaces?
(a) CRT projectors
(b) LCD projectors
(c) Light value projectors
(d) All of the above

Q179). Hypermedia
(a) Is another media like graphics?
(b) Provides links between two media
(c) Is a facility to permit two media to be played together?
(d) Is another name for multimedia?

Q180). In hypermedia, which of the following links are not acceptable?

(a) Images
(b) Audio clips
(c) Animated videos
(d) None of the above

Q181). Which of the following stores digital audio waveforms

(a) MIDI files
(b) Wave files
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Q182). Which of the following files is device dependent?

(a) MIDI files
(b) WAVE files
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Q183). Which of the following statements about OpenGL is incorrect

(a) It is not a programming language
(b) It is an API
(c) It is a header file
(d) None of the above

Q184). Identify the incorrect data type

(a) Glint
(b) Openglfloat
(c) Openglchar
(d) All of the above

Q185). Which of the following is not true?

(a) OpenGL commands use prefix “gl”
(b) All constants are in upper case
(c) All data types start with GL
(d) All are correct

Q186). To construct the rectangle ABCD it is enough if

(a) If the length and breadth are known
(b) The vertices A and B are given
(c) The vertex A and the length of the diagonal are given
(d) The vertices A and C are given

Q187). A raster color display processor supports a resolution of 1024*800 with up to 16 million
colors simultaneously displayable. What will be the approximate size (in bytes) of the frame buffer
used in the display processor?
(a) 1.2 * 10 ^ 6
(b) 2.4 * 10 ^ 6
(c) 16 * 10 ^ 6
(d) 10 ^ 5

Q188). Choose the correct statement from the following about the basic ray tracing technique used in
image synthesis
(a) In this technique, rays are cast from the eye point through every pixel on the screen
(b) In this technique, viewing transformations are not applied to scene prior to rendering
(c) This technique removes hidden surfaces
(d) In this technique, rays are cast from the light source to the objects in the scene

Q189). Which of the following statements are true?

(a) Request, sample and event are the 3 basic modes of input
(b) Keyboard is a device ideally suited for use in sample mode
(c) A mouse is typically a device for inputting an absolute position on the screen
(d) Special graphics hardware support is essential for providing a menu driven interface to an
application

Q190). Which of the following devices has a relative origin?

(a) Joystick
(b) Track ball
(c) Mouse
(d) None of the above

Q191). A cube of side 1 unit is placed such that the origin coincides with one of its vertices and the
three axes run along three of its edges. The vertex diagonally opposite to (1, 0, 1) is
(a) (0, 0, 0)
(b) (1, 1, 0)
(c) (0, 1, 1)
(d) (0, 1, 0)

Q192). A surface appearing black

(a) Reflects all the incident colors
(b) Reflects all the incident colors except black
(c) Reflects only black and absorbs the rest
(d) Reflects none

Q193). Hue of a color is related to its

(a) Luminance
(b) Saturation
(c) Incandescence
(d) Wavelength
Q194) Pixel is
a) The smallest addressable point on the screen
b) An input device
c) A memory block
d) A data structure

Q195) Resolution is defined as ………………

a) The number of pixels in the horizontal direction × The number pixels in the
vertical direction
b) The number of pixels in the vertical direction × The number pixels in the
horizontal direction
c) The number of pixels in the vertical direction + The number pixels in the
horizontal direction
d) The number of pixels in the vertical direction - The number pixels in the
horizontal direction

Q196) Aspect ratio is

a) The ratio of image’s width to its height
b) The ratio of window to viewport height
c) The ratio of image’s intensity levels
d) The ratio of image’s height to its width

Q197) Refresh rate is …………………..

a) The rate at which the number of bit planes are accessed at a given time
b) The rate at which the picture is redrawn
c) The frequency at which the aliasing takes place
d) The frequency at which the contents of the frame buffer is sent to the display
monitor

Q198) The three dimensional matrix transformation for translation with a units along x-
axis and b units along y-axis and c units along z-axis is
a) 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
-a b 0 1

b) 1 0 0 0
 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
a b c 1

c) 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
a -b c 1

d) 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
b a 0 1

Q199) The distance between the pixels on a screen is called

a) OCR
b) LCD
c) Dot pitch
d) Refresh rate

Q200) A pictorial screen symbol that represents a computer activity

is called a(n)
a) Pointer
b) Icon
c) Touch screen
d) MICR

Q201) Using computers to design and manufacture products is called

a) Inscribing
b) CAD/CAM
c) Detailing
d) Imaging

Q202) The rate of screen refreshment is called

a) Pixel speed
b) Bit-map speed
c) Raster rate
d) Scan rate

Q203) “Mark sensing” is another term for

a) MICR
b) POS
c) OMR
d) XGA

Q204) A(n) ________ is a device that is used for optical character

recognition
a) Wand reader
 b) Cursor
c) Stylus
d) MICR reader

Q205) A(n) ___________ monitor shows single-colour characters on a

contrasting background
a) Monochrome
b) Blank
c) Addressable
d) Liquid crystal display

Q206) Document imaging uses what device to input data?

a) Scanner
b) Bar-code reader
c) Icon
d) Tablet

Q207) A(n) ____________ is a screen that is lighter and slimmer than

a CRT.
a) OCR
b) Graphics card
c) Flat-panel
d) Terminal

Q208) Computer animation is a form of

a) LCD
b) CAD/CAM
c) Video graphics
d) Color printer output

Q209) The resolution of an SVGA screen is

a) 1024 x 768
b) 512 x 512
c) 640 x 480
d) 800 x 800

Q210) GUI is
a) Hardware
b) Language interpreter
c) Software interface
d) An operating system.

Q211) The three dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Ө with
respect to x-axis in the positive direction is
a) 1 0 0 0
0 cosө sinө 0
 0 -sinө cosө 0
0 0 0 1

b) 1 0 0 0
cosө -sinө 0 0
sinө cosө 1 0
0 0 0 1

c) 1 0 0 0
0 cosө sinө 0
0 -cosө sinө 0
0 0 0 1

d) 1 0 0 0
cosө -sinө 0 0
-sinө cosө 1 0
0 0 0 1

Q212) The three dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Ө with
respect to z-axis in the positive direction is
a) cosө sinө 0 0
-sinө cosө 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

b) cosө sinө 0 0
cosө -sinө 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

c) cosө sinө 0 0
sinө cosө 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

d) 1 cosө sinө 0
0 -sinө cosө 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

Q213) The three dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Ө with
respect to y-axis in the positive direction is
a)cosө 0 -sinө 0
sinө 0 cosө 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
 b)cosө 0 sinө 0
sinө 0 -cosө 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

c) cosө sinө 0 0
sinө cosө 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

d)1 cosө sinө 0

0 -sinө cosө 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

Q214) The three dimensional matrix transformation for scaling with a units along x-
axes and b units along y-axes and c units along z-axis is
a) -a 0 0 0
0 -b 0 0
0 0 c 0
0 0 0 1

b) -a 0 0 0
0 -b 0 0
0 0 0 0
a b c 1

c) -a 0 0 0
0 -b 0 0
0 0 -c 0
0 0 0 1

d) a 0 0 0
0 b 0 0
0 0 c 0
0 0 0 1

Q215) The three dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with
respect to xy plane is
a)-1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

b) 1 0 0 0
0 -1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

c) 1 0 0 0
 -1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

d)1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1

Q216) The three dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with
respect to yz plane is
a)-1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

b)-1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

c)1 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

d)1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1

Q217) The three dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with
respect to zx plane is
a)-1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

b)-1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

c) 1 0 0 0
-1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

d)1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 1

Q218) The Z-buffer algorithm

a) Finds the largest depth value z
b) Finds the smallest depth value z
c) Finds the average of the frame buffer
d) Calculates the intensity at(x,y)

Q219) Painter’s algorithm is also called

a) Scan line Algorithm
b) Subdivision Algorithm
c) Depth sort Algorithm
d) Rendering Algorithm

Q220) Gourard shading is

a) An interpolative shading method
b) A subdivision shading method
c) An averaging shading method
d) Not a shading method

Q221) World coordinate system is

a) The coordinate system in which the image is defined
b) The coordinate system in which the object is defined
c) The coordinate system in which the surfaces is defined
d) The coordinate system in which the transformation are performed

Q222) Frame buffer is

a) The memory area in which the image, being displayed, is stored
b) The device which controls the refresh rate
c) The device used for displaying the colors of an image
d) The memory area in which the graphics package is stored

Q223) Aliasing means

a) Rendering effect
b) Shading effect
c) Staircase effect
d) Cueing effect

Q224) A 512 × 512 raster requires ……………….bits in a bit plane.

a)
212
b)
218
c)
210
d)
28

Q225) The look up table technique………………… the number of intensity levels.

a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Removes
d) Gives no effect on
Q226) A simple 3-bit plane frame buffer can have…………………. Number of color
combinations
a) 8
b) 16
c) 24
d) 3

Q227) RGB stands for…………..

a) Resolution-Global-Bright
b) Resolution of green and blue
c) Red-Green-Blue
d) None of these

Q228) In a 3-bit plane buffer 01 represents………………color

a) Red
b) Cyan
c) Black
d) Green

Q229) In a 3-bit plane buffer the color Magenta is represented by………………

a) 101
b) 100
c) 111
d) 011

Q230) If Blue is represented as 001 the yellow is represented as ……………..

a) 001
b) 010
c) 101
d) 110

Q231) A 24-bit plane color frame buffer with three 10-bit wide color look up tables can
have………… number of colors
a)
224
b)
28
c)
248
d)
230

Q232) DAC means

a) Direct access coding
b) Digitally activated compression
c) Direct area clipping
d) Digital to Analog Converter

Q233) …………………..acts as anode in CRT

a) The phosphorous coating
b) The glass panel
 c) The deflectors
d) None of these

Q234) Slope of the line joining the points(1,2) and (3,4)is……………

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Q235) The slope of the line joining the points(0,0) and (5,5)is……………
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Q236) The slope of the line joining the points(3,0) and (5,0)is……………
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Q237) Bresenham’s circle generating algorithm will take reflections of ……………….

a) Two octets
b) One octet
c) Three octets
d) None

Q238) In Bresenham’s circle generating algoritms, if (x,y) is the current pixel position
then the x-value of the next pixel position is…………………………..
a) x
b) x-1
c) x+1
d) x+2

Q239) In Bresenham’s circle generating algoritms, if (x,y) is the current pixel position
then the y-value of the next pixel position is…………………………..
a) y or y+1
b) y alone
c) y+1 or y-1
d) y or y-1

Q240) Run length coding is used for…………………

a) Image smoothening
b) Image compression
c) Image coloring
d) Image dithering

Q241) The property that adjacent pixels are likely to have the same characterstics is
called………………….
a) Spatial coherence
 b) Area coherence
c) Scan line coherence
d) Pixel coherence

Q242) The property that adjacent pixels on a scan line are likely to have the same
characterstics is called………………….
a) Spatial coherence
b) Area coherence
c) Scan line coherence
d) Pixel coherence

Q243) The technique of using a minimum number of intensity levels to obtain increased
visual resolution is called……………………
a) Dithering
b) Halftoning
c) Depth cueing
d) Rendering

Q244) If XL, XR, YB, YT represent the four parameters of x-left, x-right, y-bottom and y-
top of the clipping window and (x,y) is a point inside the window then……………….
a) XL≤ x ≤ XR and YB ≤ y ≤ YT
b) XL≤ x ≤ XR and YB ≥ y ≥ YT
c) XL ≥ x ≥ XR and YB ≤ y ≤ YT
d) XL ≥ x ≥ XR and YB ≥ y ≥ YT

Q245) If XL, XR, YB, YT represent the four parameters of x-left, x-right, y-bottom and y-
top of the clipping window and (x,y) is a point such that y > YT then (x,y)
lies………………….
a) Inside the window
b) Outside the window
c) On the boundary of the window
d) None of these

Q246) The Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm divides the entire region
into……………number of sub regions
a) 4
b) 8
c) 9
d) 10

Q247) If (x,y) is a point inside the clipping window then it’s code according to the
Cohen-Sutherland algorithm is…………
a) 0000
b) 0001
c) 1000
d) 1111

Q248) …………………..number of bits are used for representing each subregion of the
Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.
a) 1
 b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Q249) If two bits are zeros and two bits are ones in a code of a subregion in Cohen-
Sutherland line clipping algorithm the subregion is ……………………
a) Corner region
b) Middle region
c) Central region
d) None of these

Q250) In the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the codes of the two points P
and Q are 0000 and 0000 then the line segment joining the points P and Q will be
……………………….. the clipping window
a) Totally outside
b) Partially outside
c) Totally inside
d) None

Q251) In the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the codes of the two points P
and Q are 0101 and 0001 then the line segment joining the points P and Q will be
……………………….. the clipping window
a) Totally outside
b) Partially outside
c) Totally inside
d) None

Q252) In the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm, if the logical AND of the codes
of the two points P and Q is 0000 then the line segment joining the points P and Q will be
……………………….. the clipping window
a) Totally outside
b) Partially outside
c) Totally inside
d) None

Q253) If XL, XR, YB, YT represent the four parameters of x-left, x-right, y-bottom and y-
top of the clipping window and (x,y) is a point inside the window such that x > XL and x
≤ XR and YB ≤ y ≤ YT the the code of the point (x,y in Cohen-Sutherland algorithm
is………………….
a) 1100
b) 1000
c) 1110
d) 0000
Q254) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is
a point such that x is greater than the maximum of {x1, x2, ……., xn} then the point (x,y)
lies……………….. the polygon
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) On
d) As vertex of

Q255) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is
a point such that x is less than the maximum of {x1, x2, ……., xn} then the point (x,y)
lies……………….. the polygon
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) On
d) As vertex of

Q256) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is
a point such that x is greater than the maximum of {y1, y2, ……., yn} then the point (x,y)
lies……………….. the polygon
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) On
d) As vertex of

Q257) Suppose (x1,y1), (x2,y2),….(xn,yn) are n vertices of a closed polygon and (x,y) is
a point such that x is less than the maximum of {y1, y2, ……., yn} then the point (x,y)
lies……………….. the polygon
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) On
d) As vertex of

Q258) In the polygon inside test, if the winding number of a point is zero then the point
lies ___________ the polygon
a) Inside
b) Outside
c) On
d) As vertex of

Q259) The even-odd method of polygon inside test fails for ___________
a) Self-intersecting Polygons
b) Convex Polygons
c) Concave Polygons
d) Similar Polygons

Q260) Sutherland-Hodgaman algorithm is used for ___________

 a) Line Clipping
b) Point Clipping
c) Polygon Clipping
d) Hybrid Clipping

Q261) Z-buffer algorithm is used for ______________

a) Frame buffer removal
b) Hidden line removal
c) Rendering
d) Animation

Q262) The blending functions of Bezier curves are ____________

a) Splines
b) Berstien polynomials
c) Lagrangian polynomials
d) Newton polynomials

Q263) ___________ are the blending functions for the B-spline curves
a) Splines
b) Berstien polynomials
c) Lagrangian polynomials
d) Newton polynomials

Q264) The properity that Bezier curves do not have but B-splines have is _________
a) Local control
b) Variation diminishing property
c) Axis independence
d) None

Q265) Two curves are said to be connected at a point with zero order continuity if
a) Both curves simply meet at that point
b) The tangents to both the curves at that point are equal
c) The curvatures of both the curves at that point are equal
d) There is a discontinuity for both the curves at that point

Q266) Two curves are said to be connected at a point with second order continuity if
a) Both curves simply meet at that point
b) The tangents to both the curves at that point are equal
c) The curvatures of both the curves at that point are equal
d) There is a discontinuity for both the curves at that point

Q267) Two curves are said to be connected at a point with first order continuity if
a) Both curves simply meet at that point
b) The tangents to both the curves at that point are equal
c) The curvatures of both the curves at that point are equal
d) There is a discontinuity for both the curves at that point

Q268) Control points are used to control the ___________ of the curve.
a) Shape
b) Edges
 c) Values
d) Iterations

Q269) If Bi.n(x) (1<=i<=n) denotes the Bernstien polynomials of degree n then

∑Bi.n(x)=_________
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

Q270) NURBS stands for ____________

a) Non Uniform Rational B-splines
b) Non Uniform Rational Bezier Surfaces
c) Non Uniform Rational B-Splines
d) Normal Unit Vector Representation of B-Splines

Q271) The equivalent representation of a two dimensional point (x,y) in the

homogeneous coordinate system is ____________
a) (x,y,1)
b) (x,y,0)
c) (x/w,y/w)
d) (x,y,x-y)

Q272) If (x,y,w), w!=0 is a point in the homogeneous coordinate system then it’s
equivalent in the two dimensional system is ____________
a) (x,y,1)
b) (x,y,0)
c) (x/w,y/w)
d) (x,y,x-y)

Q273) The two dimensional matrix transformation for translation with a units along x-
axis and b units along y-axis is ____________
a) 1 0 0
0 1 0
-a b 1

b) 1 0 0
0 1 0
a -b 1

c) 1 0 0
0 1 0
a -b 1

d) 1 0 0
0 1 0
b a 1
Q274) The two dimensional matrix transformation for rotation with an angle Q with x-
axis in anti-clockwise direction is _____________
a) cos Q sin Q 0
sin Q cos Q 0
0 0 1

b) cos Q -sin Q 0
sin Q cos Q 0
0 0 1

c) -cos Q -sin Q 0
sin Q cos Q 0
0 0 1
d) cos Q -sin Q 0
-sin Q cos Q 0
0 0 1

Q275) The two dimensional matrix transformation for scaling with a units along x-axis
and b units along y-axis is _____________
a) a 0 0
0 b 0
0 0 1

b) -a 0 0
0 -b 0
a b 1

c) 1 0 0
0 1 0
a -b 1

d) 1 0 0
0 1 0
b a 1

Q276) The two dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to
x-axis is ___________
a) -1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

b) 1 0 0
0 -1 0
0 0 1

c) 1 0 0
-1 0 0
0 0 1
 d) 1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 -1

Q277) The two dimensional matrix transformation for reflection of a point with respect to
y-axis is ___________
a) -1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

b) 1 0 0
0 -1 0
0 0 1

c) 1 0 0
-1 0 0
0 0 1

d) 1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 -1

Q278) The equation of the plane passing through the point (1,2,3) having the normal
vector V=2i+3j+4k is
a) 3(x-1)+4(y-2)+2(z-3)=0
b) 2x+3y+4z=20
c) 4(x-1)+3(y-2)+2(z-3)=0
d) 2x+3y+4z=10

Q279) Perspective projection is characterized by the

a) View plane alone
b) Direction of projection and the view plane
c) Center of projection and the view plane
d) Center of projection alone

Q280) Parallel projection is characterized by the

a) View plane alone
b) Direction of projection and the view plane
c) Center of projection and the view plane
d) Center of projection alone

Q281) Oblique projection is

a) An orthographic projection
 b) A perspective projection
c) A parallel projection
d) Axonometric projection

Q282) Axonometric projection is

a) An orthographic projection
b) A perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) A multiview projection

Q283) Isometric projection is

a) An orthographic projection
b) A perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) A multiview projection

Q284) Cavalier projection is

a) An orthographic projection
b) A perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) A multiview projection

Q285) Multiview projection is

a) An axonmetric projection
b) A perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) A parallel projection

Q286) Dimetric projection is

a) An parallel projection
b) A perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) A multiview projection

Q287) Cabinet projection is

a) An orthographic projection
b) A perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) A multiview projection

Q288) View confusion is an anomaly of

a) Orthographic projection
b) Perspective projection
c) An oblique projection
d) Multiview projection

Q289) If the direction of the projection is perpendicular to the view plane then that is
called
a) Orthographic projection
b) Perspective projection
 c) Oblique projection
d) Cavalier projection

Q290) An orthographic projection in which the direction of the projection is not parallel
any of the three principal axes is called
a) Cavalier projection
b) Perspective projection
c) Oblique projection
d) Axonometric projection

Q291) An axonometric projection in which the direction of the projection makes equal
angle with all the three principal axes is called
a) Cavalier projection
b) Perspective projection
c) Oblique projection
d) Isometric projection

Q292) An axonometric projection in which the direction of the projection makes equal
angles with exactly two of the three principal axes is called
a) Cavalier projection
b) Dimetric projection
c) Oblique projection
d) Isometric projection

Q293) An axonometric projection in which the direction of the projection makes unequal
angles with all the three principal axes is called
a) Cavalier projection
b) Dimetric projection
c) Trimetric projection
d) Isometric projection

Q294) Which of the following is NOT true about quaternions?

a) They are made up of 4 numbers
b) They should always be normalized to length 1
c) They can be used to represent all affine transforms
d) They can be used to define the rotation of an object

Q295) Which of the following does NOT figure into the Field of View of a pinhole
camera?
a) The direction of projection
b) The distance from the center of projection to the projection plane
c) The size of the projection plane

Q296) This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the
viewing plane, but the viewing direction is NOT perpendicular to one of the principle
faces.
a) Orthographic Parallel Projection
b) Axonometric Parallel Projection
 c) Oblique Parallel Projection

Q297) This projection technique does NOT have the direction of projection perpendicular
to the viewing plane.
a) Orthographic Parallel Projection
b) Axonometric Parallel Projection
c) Oblique Parallel Projection

Q298) This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the
viewing plane, and the viewing direction is perpendicular to one of the principle faces.
a) Orthographic Parallel Projection
b) Axonometric Parallel Projection
c) Oblique Parallel Projection

Q299) When transforming a random Axis-Aligned Bounding Box defined by the points
(nearx, neary, nearz) and (farx, fary, farz) to the standard orthographic viewing box, which
affine transforms are used?
a) shear and translation
b) rotation and scale
c) scale and shear
d) translation and scale

Q300) In class, we discussed the purpose of the front and back clipping planes in
OpenGL. Which of the following was NOT a purpose for using clipping planes?
a) division by zero
b) objects behind the center of projection mapping onto the projection plane
c) avoiding the problems of infinite viewing volume size
Q301) In class, we discussed how the image of the Double Eagle Tanker was obtained for
the large poster in the main hall of Sitterson. It required rendering several perspective
images using OpenGL. Which of the following was NOT a step required in that process?
a) handling projection planes non-orthogonal to the viewing direction
b) cutting a single projection plane into many separate projection planes
c) rotating the viewing direction to be the same as the –z direction
d) handling several different centers of projection

Q302) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of them
in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with a glRotatef function
call?
a) GL_MODELVIEW
b) GL_PROJECTION

Q303) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of them
in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with glFrustum?
a) GL_MODELVIEW
b) GL_PROJECTION

Q304) Which of the following is the order that geometry operations are performed in
OpenGL (where we read the order from left to right)?
a) GL_PROJECTION  GL_MODELVIEW  Perspective division
b) GL_MODELVIEW  GL_PROJECTION  Perspective division
c) Perspective division  GL_PROJECTION  GL_MODELVIEW
d) GL_MODELVIEW  Perspective division  GL_PROJECTION
e) GL_PROJECTION  Perspective division  GL_MODELVIEW

For the next 4 questions, match the pictures on the right with the corresponding term on
the left. The arrows in the picture denote light rays. The dashed lines represent the
material type to be considered. The key is in the interaction of the light rays with the
material.
Q305) Specular (b)
Q306) Diffuse
(a)
Q307) Transparent
Q308) Translucent

(d)

(c)
Q309) In “Utah” graphics, lights are simplified in order to approximate light/matter
interaction with a minimum amount of work. Which of the following is NOT true about
the simplifications made in “Utah” graphics lights?
a) Light intensity and color are folded into one value.
b) Lights are assumed to have zero size
c) Spotlights can not be handled
d) Soft shadows can not be handled

Q310) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4
vectors and a number of constants. Each piece of the Phong model uses different vectors
and constants. Which portion does NOT include taking a dot product?
a) Ambient
b) Diffuse
c) Specular

Q311) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4
vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model is responsible for
giving spheres their bright white spots?
a) Ambient
b) Diffuse
c) Specular

Q312) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4
vectors and a number of constants. Which of the following is NOT a vector needed for
the Phong reflection model?
a) Surface Normal
b) Direction to Viewer
c) Direction to Material Center
d) Direction to Light

Q313) True or false: In the Phong Reflection model, ambient light is the same
everywhere.
a) True
b) False

Q314) In the Phong reflection model, there are 3 constants (a, b, c) which are used to
describe the qualities of which of the following phenomena?
a) The material reaction to ambient, diffuse and specular light (respectively)
b) The amount to perturb reflection vectors as they are mirrored across the
normal
c) The size (in each dimension) which the light is assumed to have
d) The attenuation of a point light source with distance
Q315) The traditional mouse requires a mouse pad to provide friction for its:

a) Touchpad.
b) Tracker.
c) Optical sensor.
d) Rollerball.

Q316) The standard input device for a PDA is a:

a) Stylus.
b) Touch pad.
c) Keyboard.
d) Trackball mouse.

Q317) The flicker effect of a cathode ray tube is controlled by its:

a) Resolution.
b) Refresh rate.
c) Dot pitch.
d) Data transfer rate.

Q318) A monitor with high dot pitch will have:

a) A relatively large number of pixels.

b) A high number of possible colors in its display.
c) Wide gaps between pixels.
d) Relatively fast recharging of the pixels’ illumination.

Q319) The larger the number of pixels of a computer monitor, the higher its:

a) Resolution.
b) Refresh rate.
c) Dot pitch.
d) Data transfer rate.

Q320) The maximum complete electron scans of current CRT monitors is ____________
times per second.

a) 25
b) 50
 c) 75
d) 100

Q321) Electron beam scanning is a characteristic of:

a) Laser printers.
b) Flat panel monitors.
c) Cathode ray tubes.
d) Liquid crystal display.

Q322) The type of output device that utilizes a fluorescent panel for generating light
waves is a(n):

a) CRT monitor.
b) Inkjet printer.
c) Laser printer.
d) LCD monitor.

Q323) The main advantage of active matrix over passive matrix technology is that active
matrix panels:

a) Have higher screen resolution.

b) Can selectively recharge individual pixels.
c) Cost less than passive matrix panels.
d) Require less power consumption than passive matrix panels.

Q324) The following are all advantages of LCD over CRT monitors EXCEPT:

a) Wider viewing area relative to size of the monitor.

b) Less likely to cause eyestrain.
c) More friendly to the environment.
d) Wider viewing angle.

Q325) The fastest and quietest type of printer is a(n):

a) Dot-matrix printer.
b) Inkjet printer.
c) Laser printer.
d) Plotter.

Q326) The type of large printer that can most accurately produce images requiring
precise, continuous lines is a(n):

a) Plotter.
 b) Inkjet printer.
c) Laser printer.
d) Dot-matrix printer.

Q327) Which of the following printers is characterized by melting wax-basd ink onto
ordinary paper?

a) Dot-matrix
b) Inkjet
c) Laser
d) Thermal

Q328) A laser printer works by:

a) Removing static electrical charge from a metal drum.

b) Utilizing drop-on-demand technology.
c) Striking the paper with hammer-like keys.
d) A process called direct-thermal printing.

Q329) The principle advantage of adding memory to a printer is to increase:

a) Resolution.
b) Print speed.
c) Number of colors in output.
d) Dpi.

Q330) The resolution of a printer is measured in terms of:

a) Pixel density.
b) Dot pitch.
c) Hertz.
d) Dpi.

Q331) Which of the following types of drives will be housed in an internal drive bay?

a) Hard drive
b) Floppy drive
c) Zip drive
d) CD-ROM drive

Q332) Which of the following ports is most likely to be used for connecting a printer to
your computer?
 a) Serial
b) Parallel
c) Ethernet
d) FireWire

e) If a matrix transforms any straight line into a second straight line then points
on the second line have …… correspondence with the points on first line.
a) one to many b) one to one
c) many to one d) many to many

f) A straight line between two position vectors point A & B and if transferred it
to transferred position vectors A* & B* then which type of transformation it.
a) Translation b) Shearing
c) Both d) None of these

g) Consider a line between [A] = [x1,y1] & [B] = [x2,y2] and parallel line to AB be-
tween E & F. If they are parallel then slope of both AB & EF is m =
a) (y2-x2/y1-x1) b) (y1-y2/x1-x2)
c) (y2-y1/x2-x1) d) None of these

h) In transformation of Intersecting lines [X] [M] = [B] then [M] =

1) Clipping is the process of extracting a portion of a data base or identifying

elements of a scene or picture inside or outside a special region called….
a] clipping region
b] viewing window
c] display region
d] viewing region
Answer: - a

2) Clipping is useful in……

a] visible line
b] visible surface
c] shadow and texture algorithms
d] all of these
Answer: - d

3) Clipping algorithms are implemented in……

a] hardware
b] software
c] both a & b
d] none of these
Answer: - c

4) A regular clipping window is rectangular with its edges aligned with

those of……
a] object space
b] object space and display device
c] display device
d] object space or display device
Answer: - d

5) The purpose of clipping algorithm is to determine which points lie……

the clipping window.
a] within
b] outside
c] on
d] none of these
Answer: - a

6) Points are interior to the clipping window provided that……

a] xl <= x <= xr
b] xl >= x >= xr
c] xl < x < xr
d] xl > x > xr
Answer: -a

7) Points are interior to the clipping window provided that……

a] yb >= y >= yt
b] yb <= y <=yt
c] yb < y < yt
d] yb > y > yt
Answer: -b

8) If both the end points of a line are exterior to the window, the line is……
a] necessarily completely exterior to the window
b] necessarily completely interior to the window
c] not necessarily completely exterior to the window
d] cannot predict
Answer: -c

9) If both the end points of line are completely to the right of, completely to
the left of, completely above or completely below the window, then……
a] the line is completely interior to the window and hence invisible
b] the line is completely exterior to the window and hence visible
c] the line is completely interior to the window and hence visible
d] the line is completely exterior to the window and hence invisible
Answer: -d

10) The line window edge intersection calculation is computationally

expensive and should be performed…….
a] last
b] first
c] in middle
d] never
Answer: -a

11) The technique uses a …… bit (digit) code to indicate which of the nine
regions contain the end point of a line.
a] 4
b] 3
c] 2
d] 1
Answer: -a

12) The…………….bit is the first bit

a] leftmost
b] rightmost
c] middle
d] second from right
Answer: -b

13) If both end point codes are zero, then both ends of a line lie……….the
window, and the line is………..
a] inside, visible
b] outside, invisible
c] outside, visible
d] inside, invisible
Answer: -a

14) When the logical …….. is not zero, the line is in fact totally invisible.
However, when the logical ……. is zero, the line may be totally or
partially visible or in fact totally invisible
a] and, or
b] or, or
c] or, and
d] and, and
Answer: -d
15) For the line xL, y = m (xL – x1) + y1 condition for value of ‘m’ is-
a] m not equal to zero
b] m equal to infinity
c] m not equal to infinity
d] m equal to zero
Answer: -c

16) For the line yB, x = x1 + (1/m) (yB – y1) condition for value of ‘m’ is-
a] m not equal to zero
b] m equal to infinity
c] m not equal to infinity
d] m equal to zero
Answer: -a

17) In end point code algorithms if the slope of line is infinite, it is…… to
the left and right edges; and only the top and bottom edges need to be
checked for intersection.
a] perpendicular
b] intersecting
c] parallel
d] none of these
Answer: -c

18) In end point code algorithms if the slope of line is……… , it is parallel
to the top and bottom edges.
a] one
b] zero
c] ½
d] infinity
Answer: -b

19) In end point code algorithms if either end point code is…….one end
point is interior to the window.
a] one
b] zero
c] two
d] four
Answer: -a

20) If end point code of a point of a line is 1010 then it is…….

a] to the left of window and above the window
b] to the left of window and below the window
c] to the right of window and below the window
d] to the right of window and above the window
Answer: -d
1) Once the picture is represented for interaction or modification of it _______ are
required.

a>I/P devices b>O/P devices

c>Interactive devices d>none of these
Ans:- c>Interactive devices
2) The locator function provide_______ information.
a>location b>functional
c>co-ordinate d>none of these
Ans:- c>co-ordinate

3) Valuator function provides_______ information.

a>single value b>double value
c>location d>none of these
Ans:- a>single value

4) Tablet is a most common______ device.

a>valuator b>locator
c>pick d>none of these
Ans:- b>locator

5) Tablets used as a stand alone known as-

a>digitizer b>CRT
c>both d>none of these
Ans:- a>digitizer
6) Typical resolution and accuracy of tablet is-
a>2 to 1 inch b>0.01 to 0.001
c>0.1 to 1 d>none of these
Ans:- b>0.01 to 0.001

7) Touch panel is a-
a>valuator b>locator
c>button d>none of these
Ans:- b>locator

8) In radar installations-
a>track ball b>joystick
c>mouse d>none of these
Ans:- a>track ball

9) Joystick has______ origin.

 a>fixed b>relative
c>absolute d>none of these
Ans:- a>fixed

10)Mouse and trackball have______ origin.

a>fixed b>relative
c>absolute d>none of these
Ans:- b>relative

11) Control dials contains-

a>sensitive b>CRT
potentiometers

c>mouse d>none of these

Ans:- a>sensitive potentiometers

12) Pen consists of-

a>photoelectric cell b>potentiometer
c>CRT d>none of these
Ans:- a>photoelectric cell

13) Storage tube CRT display is-

a> line drawing b>point plotting

c>both d>none of these

Ans:- a>line drawing

14) Calligraphic CRT display is-

a>line drawing b>point plotting
c>both d>none of these
Ans:- a>line drawing
15) Raster scan CRT display is-
a>line drawing b>point plotting
c>both d>none of these
Ans:- b>point plotting

16) Storage tube is also called as-

a>bistable b>valuator
storage tube
c>CRT d>none of these
Ans:-
 17) Storage tube CRT is-
a>long persistence b>short persistence
phosphor phosphor
c>medm persistence d>none of these
phosphor
Ans:-a>long persistence phosphor
18) Storage tube is-
a>flicker free b>flickering
c>refreshed d>none of these
Ans:-a>flicker free

Chapter 1:-

1) Raster scan technology is

a) Point plotting
b) Line drawing
c) Point drawing
d) Line scanning

2) Bi-stable storage tube can be considered as

a) Small persistence phosphor
b) Large persistence
c) Medium persistence
d) Short persistence
3) In the storage tube graphics display animation is possible
a) True
b) False
4) Storage tube is flicker free
a) True
b) False
5) Storage tube also capable of displaying limited no. of vectors
a) True
b) False

6) How much area in the storage tube is addressable

a) 89%
b) 78%
c) 87%
d) 97%
7) A storage tube is line drawing
a) True
 b) False

8) Storage display is not random scan display

a) True
b) False
9) Calligraphic refresh CRT displays use …………..persistence phosphor
a) Small
b) Medium
c) Very big
d) Very short
10) Calligraphic display are called random scan display
a) True
b) False
11) Minimum refresh rate for calligraphic displays is
a) 30
b) 48
c) 76
d) 56
12) Display controller is related to
a) Refresh rate
b) Scan rate
c) Memory
d) Buffer
13) Size of buffer affected to the complexity of picture
a) true
b) false
14) A 512*512 element square raster requires….bits
a) 2^18
b) 262,1444
c) 2^9
d) 2^12
15) Multiple bit plane with frame buffer 8-bit plane per color generation
a) 2^24colors
b) 2^8
c) 2^12
16) Lines appearing in series of stair steps is called
a) Aliasing
b) Jugging
c) Antiliazing
17) Electron guns in color CRT are arranged
a) Triangular
 b) Square
c) Straight
18) The distance between perforation is called as
a) Pitch
b) Pixel
c) Block

Answers

1) A
2) B
3) B
4) A
5) A
6) B
7) A
8) B
9) D
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) A ,B
15) A
16) b
17) A
18) A

1) Which is one of the following the type of digital pen and ink plotters?
a) Flatbed b) drum
c) Pinch roller d) All of these
2) Which is/are one of the following statements true?
1) Speed is important in plotters.
 2) Acceleration is important in plotters.

a) Only 1 b) Only 2
c) Both 1 & 2 d) None of these
3) In which plotter the medium is fixed in position on the bed of plotter?
a) moving arm flatbed b) moving head flatbed
c) Large flatbed d) none of these
4) True motion directions are obtained by using…..
a) Plattomotor b) servomotor
c) both a & b d)none of these
5)…….flatbed plotter uses a plotting tool carriage suspended above the bed.
a) moving arm flatbed b) moving head flatbed
c) Large flatbed d) none of these
6) Which algorithm is chosen to select the one of the eight movement direction?
A)Bresenham’s b)Sawyer’s
c) Newton’s d)none of these
7) Which is principle used in moving head flatbed plotter?
a)Bresenham’s b)Sawyer’s
c) Newton’s d) none of these
8) The number of movements directions of pinch roller is
a) 3 b) 8
b) 6 d) 7
9)……plotters are fixing to medium to the plotter bed using vacuum.
a) moving arm flatbed b) moving head flatbed
c) Large flatbed d) none of these
10) Plotting speed of pinch roller is …..Inches/minute.
a)190 b)170
c)160 d)180
11)Large flatbed plotters have …. inch resolution.
a)0.004 b)0.0004
c)0.4 d)0.00004
12)Pinch roller plotter has resolution of …. Inch.
 a)0.1 b)0.001
c)0.01 d)0.0001
13)Large flat bed have plotting speed of … inch/minute.
a)36 b)360
c)3600 d)36000
14)Pinch roller plotter is hybrid of …..
a)roller & drum b)flatbed & drum
c)flatbed & roller d)none of these
15)…… plotter is used to generate masks for printed circuit boards & integrated circuits.
a)moving arm b)moving head
c)drum d)large flatbed
16)…….. plotter is having plotting heal moving along fixed arm.
a)drum b)pinch roller
c)flatbed d)none
17) Smaller, lower cost flatbed plotters are…
a)less versatile b)having lower resolution
c)lower plotting speedd)all of these

1 What are the different types of flat panel display ?

a. Active flat panel display
b. Passive flat panel display
c. Both a&b
d. None of above

2 Which is the type of passive flat panel display?

a.flat crt
b.plasma gas discharge
c.electroluminisme display
d.light emmiting diodes
3 Which gas is used in the cell of plasma gas discharge?
a. Orggon
b. Xenon
c. Neon –neon orgon
d. Carbon

4 In the plasma gas discharge the emmited photon is called:

a. Photon gas
 b. Plasma gas
c. Reddgas

5 in plasma gas discharge ,supplied voltage is of type:

a. Ac
b. Dc
c. Ac & dc
d. Non of above

6 in plasma gas discharge depending on supplied voltage ,what are the different
types of discharge?
a. Ac activated
b. Dc activated
c. Hybrid gas discharge
d. All a,b & c

7 in liquid crystal display organic compound are in the ____ phase:

a. Mesophase
b. Isophase
c. Liquidphase
d. Solidphase
8 Nematic is the type of ___:
a. Solid phase
b. Mesophase
c. Liquiedphase
d. None of above

9 semetic is the type of ___:

a. Solid phase
b. Mesophase
c. Liquiedphase
d. None of above

10 Cholesteric is the type of ___:

a. Solid phase
b. Mesophase
c. Liquiedphase
d. None of above

11 In which type of mesophase ,axis of liquid crystal molecule aligned parallel

to each other?
a. Nemetic
 b. Smetic
c. Cholesteric
d. All the above

12 liquid crystal display do the following :

a. Transmit the light
b. Absorb the light
c. Refract the light
d. None of above

13 liquid crystal display do the following :

a. Reflect the light
b. Absorb the light
c. Refract the light
d. None of above

14 liquid crystal display do the following :

a. Modulate the light
b. Absorb the light
c. Refract the light
d. None of above

15 polarization characterstic of certain compounds is important matter in:

a. Electroluminescent display
b. Liquid crystal display
c. Plasma gas discharge
d. None of above

16 In plasma gas discharge the emmited photon is of color ____:

a. Yellow
b. Green-yellow
c. Orange-red
d. Blue

17 In plasma gas discharge the neon-orgon gas is at_____pressure:

a. High
b. Midium
c. High or atmospheric
d. Low or atmospheric

18 In plasma gas discharge , electrons which are split out of atom are of
voltage__:
a. Low
 b. High
c. Midium
d. All above

19 Which is the example of Active flat panel display

e. LCD
f. Flat crt
g. Liquid emmiting diode
h. None of above

20 AC activated is the type of __ discharge:

a. Flat crt
b. Plasma gas discharge
c. Liquid crystal display
d. All the abve

21 DC activated is the type of __ discharge:

a. Flat crt
b. Plasma gas discharge
c. Liquid crystal display
d. All the abve

22 HYBRID PLASMA GAS DISCHARGE Is the type of __ discharge:

a. Flat crt
b. Plasma gas discharge
c. Liquid crystal display
d. All the abve

23 plasma gas & electroluminescent based displays are currently most

suitaible for ___required by comp graphics application:
a. Large size & low resolutions
b. Small size & high resolution
c. Large size & high resolution
d. None of above

24 In flat crt electron beam isparrelel to screen & reflecting it through___:

a. 180’
b. 90’
c. 60’
d. 30

25 ____requires continuous refreshing:

 a. Dc activated plasma display
b. Ac activated plasma display
c. Both a & b
d. None of above

26 In ______a dielectric layer is plased between conductors & gas

e. Dc activated plasma display
f. Ac activated plasma display
g. Both a & b
h. None of above

27 ____have a bistable memory:

a. Dc activated plasma display
b. Ac activated plasma display
c. Both a & b
d. None of above

28 a hybrid AC/DC plasma display uses ___ voltage to prime the gas &
make it more easily activated by the ____voltage:
a. AC DC
b. DC AC
c. AC AC
d. DC DC

29 IN electroluminescent display _____material emits light when excited by

either AC or DC electric field:
a. Dielectric
b. Phosphorescent
c. None of above

30 the polarizing characteristic of certain organic compound used to modify

the characteristic of ______
a. reflected light
b. refracted light
c. incident light
d. all above

31 In polarization of light , alighnment direction is sensitive to the __:

a. temperature
b. Pressure
c. Surface tension
d. All above

32 the optical characteristic of liquid are based on______effects:

 a. temperature
b. Pressure
c. Surface tension
d. All above

33 _____ are either raw-coloum addressed or contain active matrix elements:

a. Plasma gas display
b. Liquid crystal display
c. Electroluminescent display
d. None of above

35 In liquid crystal display resolution is upto ____pixels/inch:

a. 50
b. 100
c. 60
d. 10

36 The _____characteristic of different molucules are used to different

colors:
a. Polarization char
b. Spectral char
c. None of above

37 A bistable liquid crystal display using ____is also possible

a. Nematic
b. Smetic
c. Cholesteric

38 the key to one type of liquid crystal display is creation of twisted ___
through 90’
From one face of sandwich to other:
a. Nematic
b. Smetic
c. Cholesteric

39 Elecroluminescent display have ____color:

a. Red
b. Black
c. Green
d. Yellow

40 The size of plasma display is as:

a. 3*4 meters at 4096*4096 pixels
b. 4*4 meters at 4096*4096 pixels
 c. 3*3 meters at 5096*5096 pixels
d. 3*3 meters at 4096*4096 pixels

41 Gray scale & color system are possible in___:

e. Plasma gas display
f. Liquid crystal display
g. Electroluminescent display
h. None of above

42 In electroluminescent display Reasonable sized displays with resolution of

approximately ____pixels/inch are curretly available:
a. 100
b. 200
c. 300
d. 1000

Objectives for chapter 2

1) If a!=d in point transformation matrix then scaling is
a) Compression
b) Expansion
c) Not equal
d) uniform scaling
2) parallel lines remains parallel after transformation
a) true
b) false
3) Row matrices like [x y] or column matrices are called
a) Vectors
b) Position vectors
c) Transformation vectors
d) Scalars
4) If c=b=0 & a=d=1 then transformation of point is
a) No change
b) Change in coordinates
c) None of these
5) If b=c=0 and d=1 and a is input by user then
a) Scale change in x component
b) Scale change in y component
c) Scale change in x and y component
d) No change occurs
6) If both a & b are input by user & b=c=0 then
a) Scale change in x component
b) Scale change in y component
 c) Scale change in x and y component
d) No change occurs
7) If a=d>1 then it happens
a) Enlargement
b) Compression
c) Reflection
d) Rotation
8) If a and d are negative then reflection through an axis is occurs
a) True
b) False
9) Both reflection &scaling of co-ordinate does not involve the non-diagonal terms
of transformation matrix.
a) True
b) False
10) If the transformation matrix considered as off diagonal terms then it is called
a) Scaling
b) Shearing
c) Reflection
d) None of these
11) Homogeneous co-ordinates used to overcome the problem of transformation of
the origin
a) True
b) False
12) Points on the transformed line have one to one correspondence with the original
line points
a) True
b) False
13) Mid- point of line AB transformed into the midpoint of line A*B*
a) True
b) False
14) Slope of transformed line m* is depend upon
a) X1,x2,y1,y2
b) X1,y1
c) X2,y2
d) None of these
15) The lines are intersect if
a) [x][M]=[B]
b) [X][B]=[M]
c) [B][M]=[X]
d) None of these
Answers:-
1) C
2) a
3) b
4) a
5) a
6) c
7) a
8) a
9) a
10) b
11) a
12) a
13) a
14) d
15) a

16) Transformation matrix is represented as ______

a. [T]
b. [T]-1
c. T
d. ‘T’
17) While performing a transformation, transformation matrix is at ______side of co-
ordinate matrix.
a. Left
b. Right
c. Both
d. None of above
18) Let 2*2 transformation matrix is an identity matrix then what will be the trans-
formed object coordinates if [x y] is coordinate matrix
a. [-x –y]
b. [x y]-1
c. [x y]
d. [1 1]
19) If in two dimensional transformation matrix if ‘a’ &/or ‘d’ are negative , reflec-
tion through an ______axis or plane occurs
a. X axis
 b. Y axis
c. Both
d. No reflection occurs
20) When a general 2*2 matrix is used to transform a pair of intersecting straight lines
the result is______
a. Pair of intersecting straight lines
b. Parallel lines
c. Lines perpendicular to each other
d. None of above

21) The straight is defined by _____ position vector

a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. One
22) X coordinate of point P is unchanged while y* depends linearly on original coordi-
nates this effect is called as ___
a. Allaying
b. Shear
c. Vector
d. Convey
23) _____ team produces a shearing effect of coordinates of position vector for point
P.
a. Diagonal
b. Off-diagonal
c. Both of above
d. None of above
24) Shearing transformation [T] ________ the length of line and changed its orienta-
tion.
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Sometime increases
d. Sometime decreases
25) Scale of line increases when a & d are ___
a. Greater than 0
b. Less than 0
c. a=d
d. none of above
PARABOLIC BLENDED CURVES.

1. The parabolic blended curve is obtained by blending of ………

a. 4 parabolic curves.
b. 2 parabolic curves.
c. 3 parabolic curves.
d. 5 parabolic curves.

2. The basic ideas is to linearly blend the overlapping portion of two parabolas defined by
a set of………

a. Three consecutive points.

b. Two consecutive points.
c. Four consecutive points.
d. Five consecutive points.

3. A parabolically blended curve is given by……….

a. c(t)=(1-t)p(r)+tq(s).
b. c(t)=(t-1)q(r)+tq(s).
c. c(t)=(1-t)q(r)+tp(r).
d. c(t)=tq(r)+t(r-1)p(r).

4. The parameters assumed for parabolic blended curved are…..

a. 0<=r ,s, t<=1.

b. 1<=r ,s<2, t<1.
c. 0<r ,s, t<=2.
d. 0<=r, s, t<=0.

5. The matrix A in parametric blended curve is….

a. c.

b d.
RASTER REFRESH DISPLAY DEVICE

Q.1) Raster Refresh Display Device is…

1) Point plotting 2) Line Drawing 3) NONE 4) Both 1&2

Q.2)
All other lines except special cases (completely horizontal, vertical) appear as a series of
stair steps. This is called…………
1) Aliasing 2) Jaggies 3) Antialiasing 4) Both 1& 2

Q.3)
A Raster graphics device is considered as…
1} A matrix of discrete cells 2) A plane of discrete cells 3) All 4) None

Q.4) In Raster, for each pixel there is a minimum …

1) One memory bit

2) Four memory bit
3) Three memory bit
4) Eight memory bit

Q.5)
A memory bit has only two states (0 or 1), a single bit plane yields … display
1) Trichrome
2) Monochrome
3) Polychrome
4) Dichrome

Q.6)
The Raster CRT display device is…
1) Digital Device
2) Analog Device
3) DAC Device
4) ADC Device

Q.7)
An increase in number of available intensity levels is achieved for a modest increase in
required memory by using…
1) N bit plane
2) N+1 bit plane
3) Lookup table
4) Frame buffer
Q.8)
A multiple-bit plane frame buffer with … planes per color.
 1)24-bit
2)16-bit
3)8-bit
4)32-bit

Q.9) Each group of bit planes drives a … DAC and generates … shades or intensities of
red, green, blue.

1) 8-bit ,256
2) 16-bit,512
3) 24-bit,16
4) 4-bit,8

Q.10)
Acronym CRT means…

1) Cathode Ray Tube

2) Color Raster Tube
3) Colorful Raster Tube
4) None

Q10)
Which coating on the inside of the face of the large end of the CRT.
1) Silicon
2) Phosphor
3) Mercury
4) Crystal

Q.11)
A color raster scan CRT contains… for each of three primary color.
1) 1 electron gun
2) 3 electron gun
3) None
4) 5 electron gun

Q.12)
The process of converting picture information stored in frame buffer into video /rigid
display pattern of video.
1) Digital conversion
2) Scan conversion
3) Analog conversion
4) Both 1&2
Q.13)
Minimum picture presentation rate and refresh rate are …
 1) 50,25
2) 25,50
3) 15,30
4) 30,60

Q.14)
For interlacing, update rate and refresh rate are…
1) 25,50
2) 24,48
3) 50,25
4) None

Q.15)
According to American standard, video system contain…horizontal lines.
1)525
2)252
3)345
4)456

Q.16)
When laser beam move from right to left invisibly then it is called…
1) Vertical retrace
2) Horizontal retrace
3) Retracing
4) All

Q.17)
When laser moves from bottom to up it is called …
1) Vertical retrace
2) Horizontal retrace
3) Retracing
4) All

Q.18)
The time required for each scan line with 30 frames/sec refresh rate is…
1) 30sec/scanline
2) 63.5sec/scaline
3) 64sec/scanline
4) 64 microsec/scanline

Q.19)
To prevent flicker, noninterlaced displays require a repetition rate of…
 1) 60 frames/sec
2) 30 frames/sec
3) 50 frames/sec
4) 24 frames/sec

Q.20)
Time for single pixel to be displayed is…
1) 53microsec
2) 64microsec
3) 82nanosec
4) 60nanosec

ROTATION OF 2D OBJECT

1. For rotation of 2d object in counter-clockwise direction at an angle θ, the

transformation matrix is
a) cosθ sinθ b) cosθ -sinθ
-sinθ cosθ -sinθ cosθ
c) cosθ sinθ d) cosθ -sinθ
-sinθ cosθ -sinθ cosθ
2. For rotation of 2d object in clockwise direction at an
angle θ , the transformation matrix is
a) cosθ -sinθ b) cosθ sinθ
sinθ cosθ -sinθ cosθ
c) cosθ -sinθ d) cosθ -sinθ
-sinθ cosθ sinθ -cosθ
3. IF [T] [T]-1 = [I]
Where [T] = cosθ -sinθ
Sinθ cosθ
then [T]-1 =
a) -cosθ sinθ b) cos-1θ -sinθ
-sinθ -cosθ sin-1θ cos-1θ

c) cosθ -sinθ d) None Of These

sinθ cosθ

4. What is the transformation matrix for rotating an object through 90 degree by

clockwise direction
a) 1 0 b) 0 1 c) 0 -1 d) 0 -1
0 1 -1 0 -1 0 1 0

5. what is the transformation matrix for rotating an object

through 360 degree by counter-clockwise direction.
a) 0 1 b) -1 0 c) 1 0 d) 0 -1
1 0 0 -1 0 1 -1 0
6. For rotating the 2d object the transformation matrix must
be order of
a) 2*p b)2*2 c)p*2 d)p*p

Where p is any +ve number.

7. The co-ordinate matrix [x*] =[x] [T] = [x* y*]
Where x*=xcosθ-ysinθ
Y*=xsinθ+ycosθ, then [T] =?
a) Cosθ sinθ b) cosθ -sinθ c) cosθ sinθ d) None
-sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ Of These

Answers of Rotation
1 .a) 2.a) 3.c) 4.d) 5.c) 6.b) 7.a)
REFLECTION OF 2D OBJECT
1. A reflection is ____ degree rotation out into 3 space &
back into 2 space about an axis in xy plane.
a) 90 b) 180 c) 270 d) 360

2. For reflection of the 2d object about y=0 , the transformation matrix [T] is
a) -1 0 b) 1 0 c) 1 0 d) None OF
0 1 0 1 0 -1 These

3. Reflecting a object about x=0, then [T] is

a) -1 0 b) -1 0 c) 1 0 d) N.O.T
0 1 0 -1 0 -1

4. Reflection of a 2d object about line y=x occurs

For [T] =?
a) 1 1 b) 1 0 c) 0 -1 d) 0 1

0 0 0 1 -1 0 1 0
5. For reflection of a 2d object about line y=-x is
Given by
a) -1 0 b) 0 -1 c) 1 0 d) N.O.T

0 -1 -1 0 0 1

6. In case of reflection about any axis the determinant of transformation matrix is

a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) 2
 7. If two pure reflection transformations about lines passing through origin, this
results in pure _____about origin.
a) Sharing b) Scaling c) Reflection d) Rotation

8. If the co-ordinates matrix of points of a object is

4 - 1 &after reflecting it gives 1 -4
5 -2 2 -5
4 -3 3 -4
Then the reflection is about
a) Y=0 b) y=-x c) y=x d) x=0

Answers of Reflection
1 .b) 2.c) 3.a) 4.d) 5.b) 6.c) 7.d) 8.b)

INK JET PLOTTERS

1. Ink jet printers are ……scan devices.

a)raster b)faster c)both d)none of this.

2.Ink jet printers are particularly suited for generating ……… cost color output.
a)high b)low c)medium d)very high.
3.By which of following waves is used to break stream of ink from nozzle into
droplets ?
a)parallel b)radio c)micro d)ultrasonic.
4.When voltage is applied ,the piezoelectric crystal…….. , ……… the volume of the
ink chamber.
a)expands , increases b)increases , expands c)expands , decreasing d) compress ,
decresing.
5.How resolution of ink jet printers are is determined?
a)size of droplets b)both a &c c) by nozzale d)all.
6.Which problems are occure due to extremely small size of nozzle ?
a)nozzle clogging b)ink contamination c)air bubbles d)all of this.
7.Typical resolution are from…..to….
a)120,400 b)200,400 c)100,150 d)900,950.
8.How many nozzle are is used in color ink jet printer?
a)7 b)5 c)4 d)1.
9.One of the advantage of the color ink jet techanology is…….
a)ability to blend color b)ability to bend color c)ability to work fast d)none of this.
10……….&………technique are used to form several thousand of colors.
a)patterning, dither

THERMAL PLOTTERS
1} By which of the following are thermal plotter technique
a] continuous thermal transfer b] indirect thermal transfer
c] join thermal transfer d] all
2} which plotter technique uses a sensitive paper that changes color when heated
 a] direct thermal transfer b] indirect thermal transfer
c] continuous thermal transfer d]none of the above
3} which plotter are used to print heads or full row nib heads
a] ink jet plotters b] pen & ink plotters
c] pinch roll plotter d] electrostatic plotter
4} how much resolutions are available on the electrostatic plotter
a] 200 dpi b] 700 dpi c] 400 dpi d] 100 dpi
5} Which is the following serious limitation of the direct thermal transfer technique
a] it is unreliable b] it take more time
c] it use paper that fades with time d] low quality output
6} indirect thermal transfer uses thin film coated with …………………
a] color ink b] wax based ink
c] wet ink d] pigmented ink
7} How many colors are obtained by combining the CMY primaries
a] two b] four
c] five d] seven
8} which idea is used in the indirect thermal transfer technique for obtain brilliant color
a] dryer is used b] dither is used
c] plotting speed keep continuous d] none of the above
9} which is the following property of the indirect thermal transfer ink
a] excellent longevity b] good color
c] excellent printing d]none of the above

Without Answers :
RASTER REFRESH DISPLAY DEVICE

Q.1) Raster Refresh Display Device is…

1) Point plotting 2) Line Drawing 3) NONE 4) Both 1&2

Q.2)
All other lines except special cases (completely horizontal, vertical) appear as a series of
stair steps. This is called…………
1) Aliasing 2) Jaggies 3) Antialiasing 4) Both 1& 2

Q.3)
A Raster graphics device is considered as…
1} A matrix of discrete cells 2) A plane of discrete cells 3) All 4) None

Q.4) In Raster, for each pixel there is a minimum …

5) One memory bit

6) Four memory bit
7) Three memory bit
8) Eight memory bit
Q.5)
A memory bit has only two states (0 or 1), a single bit plane yields … display
1) Trichrome
2) Monochrome
3) Polychrome
4) Dichrome

Q.6)
The Raster CRT display device is…
5) Digital Device
6) Analog Device
7) DAC Device
8) ADC Device

Q.7)
An increase in number of available intensity levels is achieved for a modest increase in
required memory by using…
5) N bit plane
6) N+1 bit plane
7) Lookup table
8) Frame buffer
Q.8)
A multiple-bit plane frame buffer with … planes per color.
1)24-bit
2)16-bit
3)8-bit
4)32-bit

Q.9) Each group of bit planes drives a … DAC and generates … shades or intensities of
red, green, blue.

5) 8-bit ,256
6) 16-bit,512
7) 24-bit,16
8) 4-bit,8

Q.10)
Acronym CRT means…

5) Cathode Ray Tube

6) Color Raster Tube
7) Colorful Raster Tube
8) None
 Q10)
Which coating on the inside of the face of the large end of the CRT.
5) Silicon
6) Phosphor
7) Mercury
8) Crystal

Q.11)
A color raster scan CRT contains… for each of three primary color.
1) 1 electron gun
2) 3 electron gun
3) None
4) 5 electron gun

Q.12)
The process of converting picture information stored in frame buffer into video /rigid
display pattern of video.
5) Digital conversion
6) Scan conversion
7) Analog conversion
8) Both 1&2
Q.13)
Minimum picture presentation rate and refresh rate are …
5) 50,25
6) 25,50
7) 15,30
8) 30,60

Q.14)
For interlacing, update rate and refresh rate are…
5) 25,50
6) 24,48
7) 50,25
8) None

Q.15)
According to American standard, video system contain…horizontal lines.
1)525
2)252
3)345
4)456

Q.16)
When laser beam move from right to left invisibly then it is called…
5) Vertical retrace
 6) Horizontal retrace
7) Retracing
8) All

Q.17)
When laser moves from bottom to up it is called …
1) Vertical retrace
2) Horizontal retrace
3) Retracing
4) All

Q.18)
The time required for each scan line with 30 frames/sec refresh rate is…
5) 30sec/scanline
6) 63.5sec/scaline
7) 64sec/scanline
8) 64 microsec/scanline

Q.19)
To prevent flicker, noninterlaced displays require a repetition rate of…
5) 60 frames/sec
6) 30 frames/sec
7) 50 frames/sec
8) 24 frames/sec

Q.20)
Time for single pixel to be displayed is…
5) 53microsec
6) 64microsec
7) 82nanosec
8) 60nanosec

***OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS***
1. An oblique projection is formed by ------ projectors from a center of projection
at infinity.

a)parallel b)perpendicular c)converging d)none

2. Oblique projections illustrate the general ----- dimensional shape of the object.
a)single b)3 c)2 d)both a and c
3. The oblique projection of the faces of the object that are parallel to the plane of
projection is equivalent to ------- front view.
a)axonometric b)orthographic c)perspective d)none
 4. In oblique projection faces not parallel to the plane of projection are -------.
a)scattered b)distorted c)perpendicular d)both a and b
5. When the angle between the oblique projectors and the plane of projection is 45
degrees then it is -------- projection.
a)cavalier b)cabinet c)orthographic d)axonometric
6. In a ------- projection the foreshortening factors for all three principal
directions are equal.
a)cabinet b)cavalier c)axonometric d)orthographic
7. An oblique projection for which the foreshortening factor for edges
perpendicular to the plane of projection is one-half is called a ------- projection.
a)cavalier b)cabinet c)orthographic d)axonometric

***PERSPECTIVE TRANSFORMATION***
1. When any of the 1st three elements of the 4th column of the general 4*4 homo-
geneous coordinate transformation matrix is non zero, a ------- transformation
results .
a)oblique b)perspective c)orthographic d)none

2. In perspective transformation parallel lines ------- ,so object size is reduced

with increasing distance from center of projection.
a)converge b)diverge c)rotate d)scatter

***ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS***
1. The simplest of the parallel projections used for engineering drawing is -----
projection.
a)orthographic b)axonometric c)perspective d)none

2. Orthographic projections accurately show the correct or true ------ and

----- of a single plane face of an object.
a)size & length b)shape & size c)size &shape d)both b & c
3. --------- projections are projections onto one of the coordinate planes
x=0,y=0 or z=0.
a)orthographic b)axonometric c)perspective d)all
4. In orthographic projection, the effect of the transformation is to set the
----- coordinate of a position vector to zero.
a)x b)y c)z d)w
5. In orthographic projection, the front & side views are sometimes called as
front & side --------.
a)views b)projections c)elevations d)areas
6. In orthographic projection, the plan view is nothing but ------ view.
a)top b)side c)bottom d)front
7. An auxiliary view is formed by ------ & ------ the object so that the
normal to the auxiliary plane is coincident with one of the coordinate axes.
a)rotating & reflecting b)rotating & translating c)reflecting & scaling d)none
 ***AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONS***
1. A single orthographic projection fails to illustrate the general 3-dimensional
shape of an object. ------ projections overcome this limitation.
a)axonometric b)perspective c)orthographic d)none

2. An -------- projection is constructed by manipulating the object, using rotations

& translations, such that at least 3 adj. faces are shown.
a)axonometric b)orthographic c)none d)perspective
3. Unless a face is parallel to the plane of projection, an ------ projection does
not show its true shape.
a)axonometric b)orthographic c)none d)perspective
4. The foreshortening factor is the ratio of the projected length of a line to its
true length.
5. A ------ projection is formed by arbitrary rotation ,in arbitrary order, about
any or all of the coordinate axes, followed by parallel projection onto the z=0 plane.
a)trimetric b)dimetric c)isometric d)all
6. A ------ projection is a trimetric projection with two of the three
foreshortening factors equal, the third is arbitrary.
a)trimetric b)dimetric c)isometric d)all
7. A ------- projection allows 2 of the 3 transformed principal axes to be measured
with the same scale factor.
a)trimetric b)dimetric c)isometric d)all
8. In ------- projection all 3 foreshortening factors are equal.
a)trimetric b)dimetric c)isometric d)all
9. A plastic right triangle with included angles of ---- degree & ---- degree is a
commonly used tool for manually constructing isometric projections.
a)45 & 90 b)30 & 60 c)30 & 90 d)45 & 60