To Study the Rela onship Between

Poten al Difference and Current in

Roll Number:241053

Class:
12th Grade

School Name:
Bharat Na onal Public School

Teacher’s Name:
Mr. Vinay Semniwal

Date of Submission:
Table of Contents
1. Introduc on

2. Aim of the Experiment

3. Theory

4. Apparatus Required

5. Procedure

6. Observa ons/Data

7. Graphs and Analysis

8. Result

9. Conclusion

10. References
Introduc on
Ohm's Law is a fundamental principle in the field of electrical circuits. It states that the current
flowing through a conductor between two points is directly propor onal to the poten al difference
across the two points, provided the temperature and other physical condi ons remain constant. The
law is mathema cally expressed as:

V=I⋅RV = I \cdot R

Where:

 VV = Poten al difference (in volts, V)

 II = Current (in amperes, A)

 RR = Resistance (in ohms, Ω\Omega)

This experiment aims to verify Ohm's Law by measuring the poten al difference across a resistor and
the current flowing through it. By varying the poten al difference and recording the current, we can
plot a graph and observe the linear rela onship that confirms Ohm’s Law.
Aim of the Experiment
To verify Ohm's Law by studying the rela onship between poten al difference (V) and current (I) in
a resistor, and to observe the linear varia on between them.

Theory
Ohm's Law states that, for a given resistor at a constant temperature:

V=I⋅RV = I \cdot R

Where:

 VV is the poten al difference across the resistor.

 II is the current passing through the resistor.

 RR is the resistance of the resistor, which is constant for a given material at a constant
temperature.

Thus, if we increase the poten al difference across the resistor, the current will also increase
propor onally, assuming the resistance remains constant.

For a resistor, the graph of V vs I should be a straight line with a slope equal to the resistance RR. This
rela onship is only true if the temperature remains constant, as temperature varia ons can affect
the resistance of the material.
Apparatus Required
 Resistor (known resistance, e.g., 10 Ω)

 Ba ery (or DC power supply)

 Ammeter (to measure current)

 Voltmeter (to measure poten al difference)

 Rheostat (to vary current)

 Connec ng wires

 Switch

 Meter scale (op onal, for measuring length of the resistor)

 Clamp or holder to secure the resistor

 Mul meter (op onal, for verifying the resistance)

o Connect the resistor in series with the ammeter and the DC power supply. Use a
voltmeter in parallel with the resistor to measure the poten al difference across it.

o Place the rheostat in the circuit to control the current flowing through the resistor.

2. Start with zero poten al difference:

o Begin with a low voltage from the power supply. The current will be very small, and
the voltmeter will show a small reading.

3. Gradually increase the poten al difference:

o Increase the poten al difference across the resistor step by step, using the power
supply. For each increment of poten al difference, record the corresponding current
on the ammeter.

o Take readings for mul ple poten al differences, such as 0V, 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, etc.

4. Record the data:

o For each voltage se ng, note the corresponding current value.

o Ensure you take enough readings for a thorough analysis, ideally at 5–7 different
values of poten al difference.

5. Repeat the experiment:

o Repeat the experiment mul ple mes to ensure accuracy and reliability of the
results.
Observa ons/Data
Poten al Difference (V) Current (I) (A)

0V 0A

1V 0.1 A

2V 0.2 A

3V 0.3 A

4V 0.4 A

5V 0.5 A

6V 0.6 A

Note: The actual values will depend on your setup, the resistor used, and the power supply's voltage
range. The current values should increase in direct propor on to the poten al difference, assuming
the resistor has a constant resistance.
Analysis
Analysis:

o From the graph, the straight line confirms that V is propor onal to I, which validates
Ohm’s Law.

o The resistance of the resistor can be calculated by determining the slope of the
graph. If the graph is linear, it suggests that the resistance is constant.

Result
 The experiment confirms Ohm’s Law, as the rela onship between the poten al difference
and the current in the resistor is linear.

 The resistance RR of the resistor can be determined from the slope of the VV-II graph.

Conclusion
Through this experiment, we have verified Ohm's Law by demonstra ng that the poten al difference
across a resistor is directly propor onal to the current flowing through it. The linear rela onship
between VV and II supports the validity of Ohm's Law for the given resistor at a constant
temperature.
Biblography
NCERT Class 12 Physics Textbook

 "Fundamentals of Physics" by Halliday, Resnick, and Walker.

 "Concepts of Physics" by H.C. Verma.

 Any addi onal references or websites you may have used.