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Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

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22 views

Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Uploaded by

Amarsingh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Interview Questions

and Answers for Freshers


- By Anshika Chaudhary

1. What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

OOP is a programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions
and logic. An object is a unit that contains data (attributes) and methods (functions) that work on the data. This
structure allows complex programs to be more manageable and modular.

2. Why is OOP beneficial?

OOP helps in creating modular, reusable, and maintainable code. Key benefits include:

● Improved Code Organization: OOP models closely relate to real-world objects, improving
understanding.
● Encapsulation: OOP groups data and methods, protecting data and allowing easy maintenance.
● Ideal for Complex Applications: It’s particularly useful for large, complex applications that require
scalability.

3. What is a Class?

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines attributes (data) and methods (behaviors) that the objects
created from the class will have.

4. What is an Object?

An object is an instance of a class, containing data and behavior as defined by the class. Objects are individual
examples created from classes.

5. What are the main features of OOP?

OOP is built on four main principles:

● Encapsulation: Bundling data with methods that operate on it.


● Abstraction: Showing only relevant data and hiding unnecessary details.
● Polymorphism: Allowing methods or functions to operate in different ways depending on the context.
● Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, reusing code and functionality.

6. What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation restricts direct access to an object’s data by combining the data and methods within a single
unit. It protects object integrity by only allowing manipulation through well-defined methods.
7. What is Abstraction?

Abstraction hides complex details and only shows the essential parts of an object. For example, a car
dashboard abstracts the internal mechanics, showing only what’s necessary for the driver.

8. What is Polymorphism?

Polymorphism means “many forms” and allows a method or function to operate in different ways depending on
the object context. It is typically achieved through:

● Compile-Time Polymorphism (e.g., method overloading)


● Runtime Polymorphism (e.g., method overriding)

9. What is Inheritance?

Inheritance allows one class (subclass) to inherit properties and methods from another class (superclass),
promoting code reuse.

10. What are Access Specifiers, and why are they important?

Access specifiers control access to class members. Common specifiers include:

● Public: Accessible from outside the class.


● Private: Accessible only within the class.
● Protected: Accessible within the class and its subclasses.

11. What are the advantages and disadvantages of OOP?

Advantages:

● Promotes code reusability and modular design.


● Easier maintenance with encapsulation.
● Enhanced data security.

Disadvantages:

● Requires careful planning and a mindset shift to object thinking.


● Can increase code complexity and length.

12. Common OOP Languages?

Popular OOP languages include:

● C++
● Java
● Python
● C#
● Ruby

13. Types of Polymorphism?


Polymorphism is of two main types:

● Compile-Time: Method overloading and operator overloading.


● Runtime: Method overriding.

14. What is the difference between Overloading and Overriding?

● Overloading: Having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters within the same
class (compile-time).
● Overriding: Redefining a method from a parent class in a subclass to change its behavior (runtime).

15. Types of Inheritance?

Types include:

● Single Inheritance: One class inherits from one superclass.


● Multiple Inheritance: One class inherits from multiple superclasses.
● Multilevel Inheritance: Chain of inheritance, where a class inherits from a derived class.
● Hierarchical Inheritance: Multiple classes inherit from a single superclass.
● Hybrid Inheritance: Combination of different types of inheritance.

16. What is an Interface?

An interface defines methods that must be implemented by classes but doesn’t provide their implementations.

17. What is a Constructor?

A constructor is a method that initializes an object. It has the same name as the class and sets initial values for
the object’s data members.

18. What is a Destructor?

A destructor is called when an object goes out of scope or is deleted, allowing for resource cleanup.

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