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JSS 3 Orthographic Projection

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843 views29 pages

JSS 3 Orthographic Projection

Uploaded by

abdulibrahim09015726024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBJECT

BASIC TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC
DRAWING PRACTICE

SUB-TOPIC
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
PERFORMANCE
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this class, You should be able to:

Explain the meaning of orthographic projection.

Identify components of orthographic projections.

Describe the principal views in quadrants.

Draw the orthographic views of simple objects.


MEANING OF ORTHOGRAPHIC

PROJECTION.
Orthographic projection can be defined as a two-dimensional drawing that
shows different views of a structure

Or orthographic projection can be defined as a method of drawing an object by


means of plane view
PRINCIPAL PLANES OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION
Orthographic projection uses two main planes called the principal planes of
projection, they are :

 Vertical plane

 Horizontal plane
Vertical Planes:

The views on the vertical plane are front elevation and end
elevation(side elevation)

Horizontal Plane:

 This shows the plan in the quadrants .

 The quadrant 0-900 contains the first angle

 The quadrant 1800-2700 contains the third angle. Since


the second and fourth quadrants would combine the two
system we do not use them
COMPONENTS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJECTION(PRINCIPAL VIEWS)
In orthographic projection, there are three basic views
referred to as elevations. These elevations are as
follows:
(i).The Plan: This view is obtained by looking vertically
down on the given object from above. The plan is seen
on the horizontal plane(H.P)
(ii).Front elevation: This is the main view, it is obtained
by looking at the given front of the object to
.
be drawn. The front elevation is
seen in the vertical plane
(iii).End (Side) Elevation: This
view is obtained by looking at the
given side of the object.t he end
elevation is also seen in the
vertical plane
ANGLES OF PROJECTION
There are two main orthographic projection, they are

 First angle projection

 Third angle projection

1. First angle projection:

Where the plan of a structure is positioned below the quadrant. It is the British system of drawing
elevations.

2. Third angle projection

This is a condition where the plan of a structure is positioned above the quadrant while the front view
is below the plan.
STEPS IN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
(i) Make a sketch of the required
views (freehand drawing of how
the views should look like) in your
jotter.

sketch
(ii). With your drawing tools , in
your drawing book, Draw both the
vertical and the horizontal axis to
intersect midway
(iii).Determine the placing of the views. whether to use
first angle projection or third angle projection
To draw the front view

Begin drawing with either the plan or front views. in the


drawing I will begin with the front view. This can be done
as follows

(a)With your ruler placed firmly on your tee-square, draw


a horizontal line on the 1st quadrant measuring 75mm
(b) Remove your ruler and place your 300-600
degree setsquare on your tee square such that you
draw a perpendicular line measuring 75mm on the
left edge and move your setsquare such that you
are able to draw another vertical line measuring
25mm on the right edge of the horizontal line you
drew in step A as shown in the diagrams
(c) With your tee-square moved upward and
your ruler in place draw a straight horizontal
line measuring 25mm as shown in figE Fig E

(d) Move the tee square downward and


draw a straight horizontal line measuring
25mm as shown in figF

Fig F
(e) Use your 300 setsquare firmly placed
on the tee square to draw vertical lines of Fig
25mm as shown in fig G and fig H G

Fig H
(f) Connect the two open edges with
a line using your ruler as shown in Fig I
fig I

You have successfully drawn the


FRONT ELEVATION
To Draw the plan

(i).From the view drawn above, project lines


for the other view. fig J shows how the
projection lines drawn from the front elevation
will look like
(ii) With your ruler and pencil, Draw a
horizontal line within the 4th quadrant, the
horizontal line must touch all the projection
Fig K
lines on the 4th quadrant as shown in fig K

(iii) With your ruler, measure 50mm and draw


a vertical line on the left projection line and on
the right projection line as shown in fig L
Fig L
(iv) Connect both vertical lines together to
form a rectangle as shown in fig M

(v) Then with your ruler and pencil increase Fig


thickness of the projection lines within the M

rectangular shape you have just drawn. the


partition just made indicates difference in
height/level as shown in Fig N
You have successfully
drawn the PLAN of your
block
To draw the side Elevation

(i) First draw a 450 reflector line


using a 450 setsquare as shown in
fig N
Fig N
(ii) With your ruler firmly placed on
your tee square, Draw projection
lines from the plan to meet the
reflector line as shown in fig O
Fig
O
(iii) With your 300-600 setsquare
draw perpendicular lines upward
extending into the 2nd quadrant
as shown in the diagrams
(iv) Take note of hidden details and
outline the side elevation to
complete the job

You have successfully drawn the


SIDE ELEVATION of the block
A complete first angle orthographic projection of the isometric block on the left
A complete third angle orthographic projection of the isometric block on the left
EVALUATION
1. Explain what is meant by orthographic projection.

2. List at least three components of orthographic projections.

3. Draw the orthographic views of simple objects.


THANK YOU
FOR
WATCHING

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