BY: Manu Kr.

Singh (7635006961)

Class 10th
(Maths)
Chapter : Quadratic Equation
Quadratic Polynomial
A polynomial, whose degree is 2, is called a quadratic polynomial. It is in the form of
p(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a ≠ 0
Quadratic Equation
When we equate the quadratic polynomial to zero then it is called a Quadratic Equation i.e. if
p(x) = 0, then it is known as Quadratic Equation.
Standard form of Quadratic Equation

where a, b, c are the real numbers and a≠0

Types of Quadratic Equations
1. Complete Quadratic Equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0
2. Pure Quadratic Equation ax2 = 0, where a ≠ 0, b = 0, c = 0
Roots of a Quadratic Equation
Let x = α where α is a real number. If α satisfies the Quadratic Equation ax 2+ bx + c = 0 such that aα2 + bα +
c = 0, then α is the root of the Quadratic Equation.
As quadratic polynomials have degree 2, therefore Quadratic Equations can have two roots. So the zeros of
quadratic polynomial p(x) =ax2+bx+c is same as the roots of the Quadratic Equation ax 2+ bx + c= 0.
Methods to solve the Quadratic Equations
There are three methods to solve the Quadratic Equations-
1. Factorisation Method
In this method, we factorise the equation into two linear factors and equate each factor to zero to find the
roots of the given equation.
Step 1: Given Quadratic Equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Step 2: Split the middle term bx as mx + nx so that the sum of m and n is equal to b and the product of m
and n is equal to ac.
Step 3: By factorization we get the two linear factors (x + p) and (x + q)
ax2 + bx + c = 0 = (x + p) (x + q) = 0
Step 4: Now we have to equate each factor to zero to find the value of x.

These values of x are the two roots of the given Quadratic Equation.
2. Completing the square method
In this method, we convert the equation in the square form (x + a)2 - b2 = 0 to find the roots.
Step 1: Given Quadratic Equation in the standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Step 2: Divide both sides by a

Step 3: Transfer the constant on RHS then add square of the half of the coefficient of x i.e. on both
sides
Step 4: Now write LHS as perfect square and simplify the RHS.

Step 5: Take the square root on both the sides.

Step 6: Now shift all the constant terms to the RHS and we can calculate the value of x as there is no
variable at the RHS.

3. Quadratic formula method

In this method, we can find the roots by using quadratic formula. The quadratic formula is

where a, b and c are the real numbers and b2 – 4ac is called discriminant.
To find the roots of the equation, put the value of a, b and c in the quadratic formula.
Nature of Roots
From the quadratic formula, we can see that the two roots of the Quadratic Equation are -

Where D = b2 – 4ac
The nature of the roots of the equation depends upon the value of D, so it is called the discriminant.

∆ = Discriminant
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: 12. If the roots of px2 + qx + 2 = 0 are reciprocal
1. Which of the following is not a quadratic of each other, then
equation (a) P = 0 (b) p = -2 (c) p = ±2 (d) p = 2
(a) x² + 3x – 5 = 0 (b) x² + x3 + 2 = 0 13. If one root of the quadratic equation 2x² + kx
(c) 3 + x + x² = 0 (d) x² – 9 = 0 – 6 = 0 is 2, the value of k is
2. The quadratic equation has degree (a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 14. The equation 12x² + 4kx + 3 = 0 has real and
3. The polynomial equation x (x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) equal roots, if
{x – 2) is (a) k = ±3 (b) k = ±9 (c) k = 4 (d) k = ±2
(a) linear equation (b) quadratic equation 15. If -5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x² +
(c) cubic equation (d) bi-quadratic equation px – 15 = 0, then
4. The equation (x – 2)² + 1 = 2x – 3 is a (a) p = 3 (b) p = 5 (c) p = 7 (d) p = 1
2
(a) linear equation (b) quadratic equation 16. The roots of 100x – 20x + 1 = 0 is:
(c) cubic equation (d) bi-quadratic equation (a) 1/20 and 1/20 (b) 1/10 and 1/20
5. The quadratic equation whose one rational (c) 1/10 and 1/10 (d) None of the above
root is 3 + √2 is 17. The sum of two numbers is 27 and product is
(a) x² – 7x + 5 = 0 (b) x² + 7x + 6 = 0 182. The numbers are:
(c) x² – 7x + 6 = 0 (d) x² – 6x + 7 = 0 (a) 12 and 13 (b) 13 and 14
6. The equation 2x² + kx + 3 = 0 has two equal (c) 12 and 15 (d) 13 and 24
roots, then the value of k is 18. If ½ is a root of the quadratic equation x2-
(a) ±√6 (b) ± 4 (c) ±3√2 (d) ±2√6 mx-5/4=0, then value of m is:
7. The roots of the quadratic equation 2x² – 2√2x (a) 2 (b) -2 (c) -3 (d) 3
+ 1 = 0 are 19. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages
3 years ago and 5 years from now is 1/3. The
present age of Rehman is:
(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 6
2
20. If one root of equation 4x -2x+k-4=0 is
8. The sum of the roots of the quadratic
reciprocal of the other. The value of k is:
equation 3×2 – 9x + 5 = 0 is
(a) -8 (b) 8 (c) -4 (d) 4
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) -3 (d) 2
21. A quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has no
9. If one root of the equation x² + px + 12 = 0 is 4,
real roots, if
while the equation x² + px + q = 0 has equal
(a) b2 – 4ac > 0 (b) b2 – 4ac = 0
roots, the value of q is
(c) b2 – 4ac < 0 (d) b2 – ac < 0
22. The equation which has the sum of its roots
as 3 is
(a) 2x2 – 3x + 6 = 0 (b) –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0
10. a and p are the roots of 4x² + 3x + 7 = 0, then
(c) √2x2 – 3/√2x + 1 = 0 (d) 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
the value of 1/α+1/β is
23. The maximum number of roots for a
quadratic equation is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
24. The roots of quadratic equation 5x2 – 4x + 5 =
11. If a and p are the roots of the equation 2x² –
0 are
3x – 6 = 0. The equation whose roots
(a) Real & Equal (b) Real & Unequal
are 1/α and 1/β is
(c) Not real (d) Non-real and equal
(a) 6x² – 3x + 2 = 0 (b) 6x² + 3x – 2 = 0
(c) 6x² – 3x – 2 = 0 (d) x² + 3x-2 = 0
25. Equation (x+1)2 – x2 = 0 has _____ real (a) 8 (b) – 8 (c) – 4 (d) 4
root(s). 34. Rohini had scored 10 more marks in her
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 mathematics test out of 30 marks, 9 times these
26. Which constant should be added and marks would have been the square of her actual
subtracted to solve the quadratic equation 4x2 − marks. How many marks did she get in the test?
√3x + 5 = 0 by the method of completing the (a) 14 (b) 16 (c) 15 (d) 18
square? 35. A train travels at a certain average speed for
(a) 9/16 (b) 3/16 (c) 3/4 (d) √3/4 a distance of 63 km and then travels a distance
2
27. If 1/2 is a root of the equation x + kx – (5/4) of 72 km at an average speed of 6 km/h more
= 0 then the value of k is than its original speed. If it takes 3 hours to
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) 3 (d) –3 complete the total journey, what is its original
28. A natural number, when increased by 12, average speed?
equals 160 times its reciprocal. Find the number. (a) 42 km/hr (b) 44 km/hr
(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 7 (c) 46 km/hr (d) 48 km/hr
29. The product of two successive integral 36. Satvik observed that in a clock, the time
multiples of 5 is 300. Then the numbers are: needed by the minute hand of a clock to show 3
(a) 25, 30 (b) 10, 15 (c) 30, 35 (d) 15, 20 PM was found to be 3 min less than t2/4 minutes
2 2 2
30. If p x – q = 0, then x =? at t minutes past 2 PM. Then t is equal to
(a) ± q/p (b) ±p/q (c) p (d) q (a) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) None of these
31. 37. A takes 6 days less than B to finish a piece of
work. If both A and B together can finish the
(a) 3 (b)5 (c) 4 (d) 7
work in 4 days, find the time taken by B to finish
2 2 2 2 2
32. If x (a + b ) + 2x (ac + bd) + c +d = 0 has no
the work.
real roots, then
(a) 12 days (b) 12 ½ days
(a) ad≠bc (b) ad<bc (c) ad>bc (d) all of these
(c) 13 days (d) 15days
33. If the one root of the equation 4x2 – 2x + p –
4 = 0 be the reciprocal of other. Then value of p
is
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1. Find the roots of quadratic equations by factorisation:
(i) √2 x2 + 7x + 5√2=0 (ii) 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0
2. Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 by using quadratic formula.
3. Solve the following quadratic equation for x:
4x2 + 4bx – (a2 – b2) = 0
4. Solve for x: √3 x2 – 2√2 x – 2√3 = 0
5. Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 + ax – a2 = 0 for x.
6. Find the value of p so that the quadratic equation px(x – 3) + 9 = 0 has two equal roots.
7. Find the value of m so that the quadratic equation mx (x – 7) + 49 = 0 has two equal roots.
8. Find the value of k for which the equation x2 + k(2x + k – 1) + 2 = 0 has real and equal roots.
9. Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 + 5x – 12 = 0 for x.
10. The sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is 24 m, find the
sides of the two squares.
11. Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equations, so that they have two equal roots.
(i) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
(ii) kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0
12. Find the discriminant of the equation 3x2– 2x +1/3= 0 and hence find the nature of its roots. Find them,
if they are real.
13. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip was
reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight increased by 30 minutes. Find the original duration of the
flight.
14. If x = 3 is one root of the quadratic equation x2 – 2kx – 6 = 0, then find the value of k.
15. Find the value of p, for which one root of the quadratic equation px 2 – 14x + 8 = 0 is 6 times the other.
16. If -5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x2 + px – 15 = 0 and the quadratic equation p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has
equal roots, find the value of k.
17. Write all the values of p for which the quadratic equation x 2 + px + 16 = 0 has equal roots. Find the
roots of the equation so obtained.
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS:
CASE STUDY 1: Raj and Ajay are very close friends. Both the families decide to go to Ranikhet by their own
cars. Raj’s car travels at a speed of x km/h while Ajay’s car travels 5 km/h faster than Raj’s car. Raj took 4
hours more than Ajay to complete the journey of 400 km.
1. What will be the distance covered by Ajay’s car in two hours?
a) 2(x + 5)km b) (x – 5)km c) 2(x + 10)km d) (2x + 5)km
2. Which of the following quadratic equation describe the speed of Raj’s car?
a) x2 – 5x – 500 = 0 b) x2 + 4x – 400 = 0 c) x2 + 5x – 500 = 0 d) x2 – 4x + 400 = 0
3. What is the speed of Raj’s car?
a) 20 km/hour b) 15 km/hour c) 25 km/hour d) 10 km/hour
4. How much time took Ajay to travel 400 km?
a) 20 hour b) 40 hour c) 25 hour d) 16 hour
CASE STUDY 2: The speed of a motor boat is 20 km/hr. For covering the distance of 15 km the boat took 1
hour more for upstream than downstream.

1. Let speed of the stream be x km/hr. then speed of the motorboat in upstream will be
a) 20 km/hr b) (20 + x) km/hr c) (20 – x) km/hr d) 2 km/hr
2. What is the relation between speed ,distance and time?
a) speed = (distance )/time b) distance = (speed )/time
c) time = speed x distance d) speed = distance x time
3. Which is the correct quadratic equation for the speed of the current?
a) x2 + 30x − 200 = 0 b) x2 + 20x − 400 = 0 c) x2 + 30x − 400 = 0 d) x2 − 20x − 400 = 0
4. What is the speed of current ?
a) 20 km/hour b) 10 km/hour c) 15 km/hour d) 25 km/hour
5. How much time boat took in downstream?
a) 90 minute b) 15 minute c) 30 minute d) 45 minute