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notes (7)

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Sanjay Manat
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Number System Formulas in Quantitative

Aptitude

Formulas and Short Tricks


1. Divisibility Rules:
Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 if its last digit is even.
Divisibility by 3: A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is
divisible by 3.
Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its
last two digits is divisible by 4.
Divisibility by 5: A number is divisible by 5 if its last digit is either 0 or
5.
Divisibility by 6: A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2 and
3.
Divisibility by 9: A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is
divisible by 9.
Divisibility by 11: A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between
the sum of its digits at odd places and the sum of its digits at even places is
divisible by 11.
—
2. LCM and HCF (Least Common Multiple and Highest Common
Factor):
Relation Between LCM and HCF:

LCM(a, b) × HCF(a, b) = a × b

LCM of Two Numbers: To find the LCM of two numbers, divide the
product of the two numbers by their HCF:
a×b
LCM(a, b) =
HCF(a, b)
—
3. Remainder Theorem:
If a is divided by b, then the remainder is given by:

a=b×q+r (0 ≤ r < b)

Where q is the quotient, and r is the remainder.

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—
4. Power of a Number:
Properties of Powers:

am × an = am+n
am
= am−n
an
(am )n = am×n
a0 = 1 (for any non-zero a)
Square of a Number:

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
Cube of a Number:

(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + b3


(a − b)3 = a3 − 3a2 b + 3ab2 − b3
—
5. Digits and Place Value:
Place Value of a Digit in a Number:
The place value of a digit is the digit multiplied by the place value of its
position in the number.
For example, in the number 4567, the place value of 4 is 4 ×1000 = 4000.
Sum of Digits:
If a number is d1 d2 . . . dn , thenthesumof thedigitsis : Sum of digits = d1 +
d2 + · · · + dn
—
6. Important Number System Properties:
Even and Odd Numbers: - The sum of two even numbers is even. - The
sum of two odd numbers is even. - The sum of an even number and an odd
number is odd.
Prime Numbers: A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no
positive divisors other than 1 and itself.
Factorial Formula: The factorial of a number n, denoted as n!, is the
product of all positive integers less than or equal to n:

n! = n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) × · · · × 1

Square Root of Numbers:

Square root of x is the value of y such that y 2 = x

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7. Short Tricks for Finding Large Powers:
- Use the rule of squares and cubes for quicker calculation. - For example,
to find the square of a number close to 100, use:

(100 + x)2 = 1002 + 2 × 100 × x + x2

Similarly, use shortcuts for cubes and other higher powers.


—
8. Shortcut for Dividing Large Numbers:

For large numbers, use long division or the method of successive subtraction.

Divide the number step by step to handle large calculations easily.

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