Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher

CATALOG
About .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Generations ........................................................................................................................................................................................2
Types of Computer ..........................................................................................................................................................................2
Computer Language ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Memory of Computer ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Hardware & Software ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Networking ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Abbreviation ....................................................................................................................................................................................8

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher

COMPUTER
About
History of Computers  1st Computer HEC (Human Equipment Corporation) buy from America. 1st computer install
 1st Calculater:- Abacus (1450 B.C.): the first counting device which was developed in China. in Bangalore main post office on August 1986.
 Napier’s Bones: (1600 A.D.)  1st India made computer :- Siddhartha (by Electronics Corporation of India)
st
Contained a set of rods made of bones.  1 Programmer of World :- 1942, Lady Ada Augusta - Binary Language
Developed by a Scottish Mathematician, John Napier.  Booting Heard- Cold Booting : Start & Soft- Worm Booting : Restart
To perform multiplication & division
 Pascaline: (1642 A.D.) Pascaline was the first calculating device with a capability to perform
additions & subtractions on whole numbers. It was developed by Blaise Pascal, a French ENIAC : First electronic digital computer - J.P. Ekart & John Moschley 1946 - Use for solve
Mathematician. The device made up of interlocked cog wheels having numbers 0 - 9 on a large scale of numerical problems
its circumference. When one wheel completes its rotation, the other wheel moves by one Mark 1 : Howard Ekin 1937 - 1 st mechanical Computer - last used in world war II;
segment. EDVAC : Elevtorinic Descreate Variable Computer- John Van Newman 1951 The Computer
 Punched Card System: (1896 A.D.) which processes the input informations according to the given set of instructions is called
Invented by Herman Hollerith, an American Statistician. It was used for storing and Program
retrieving data. In the form of punched holes, the system data could be stored.
 EDSAC : (1947 A.D.- Cambvridge University England) Electronic Delay Storage Calculator- Characteristics :
Mathematical laboratory Landon. 1.Speed – A computer can process millions of calculations per second. The speed of computation
1st Electronic computer is very high.
Electronic Delayed storage 2.Accuracy- As computers work on inbuilt software programs, there is no scope for human
Von Neumann Concept (Stored Programmed concept) errors & highly accurate.
 UNIVAC : (1951 A.D.- USA) available for commercial use. 1st Practical digital computer. 3.Diligence–Computers are highly reliable. They can perform complex & long calculations with
IBM-701 co0mputer. same speed & accuracy.
Some Important Note 4.Versatility - Computers are versatile in Nature. They can perform various operations at the
 Computer from latin word “Computare” means to compute or to calculate same time.
 Father of Computer : Charles Babbage - 1 st mechanical computer 19 th centure further 1833 5.Storage - Computers can store a large amount of data or instructions in its memory which can
 Allan Mathison Turing - Father of Modern Computer or Father of theortical & AI be retrieved at any point of time.
 Computer Literacy Day: Dec 2 Applications of computer ; Education, Hospitals, Business, Weather Forecasting
 Computer policy of India- 1984 Entertainment, Organization
 IBM (International Business Machine)-1924, Harmen Helooth - Largest software & Hardware
company.

Generations
1st : Vaccume Tube & Valves ➥Semicondocter memory used as primary storage & Magnetic Disk secondary storage,
➥ 1940 -1952/1956 measure in nanosecond
➥ Magnetic dum for primary storage, Punch card for secondary storage, measure in ➥IBM-360 series, IBM-370, NCR-395, CDC-1700, ICL-1901, ICL-1903
milisecond 4th : Microprocessor
➥ MARK-I, UNIVAC, ENIAC, EDSAC, EDVAC are examples ➥ VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
➥ Used Machine Language ➥ Intel 4004
2nd : Transistor ➥ 1971- Present
➥1952/1956 - 1964/1963 ➥ Massive use of magnetic & optical storage device & Measure processing-speed in
➥Magnet core memory as internal storage, Magnet tape secondary storage, measure in picosecond & beyond
microsecond ➥ IBM PC, Pentium PC, Apple, Macintic
➥IBM-700. IBM-1620, IBM-1401, CDC-160, CDC-3600, ICL-2903 ➥ HILL (ORACIL,EDA) languages
➥Assambaly Language & HLL (FORTRON, BASIC) 5th : Artificial Intelligence {AI)
3rd : Integrated Circuit (IC) ➥ ULSI (Altra Large Scale Integration) / bio-chips
➥SSI (Small Scale Integration) ➥ John Macarthy (Father of AI)
➥MSI (Medium Scale Integration) ➥ Very high speed
➥1964-1971/1975, Jack Kilby, Robat Nogee ➥ Robotics
➥HLL (SNOBAL, BAsic) language ➥ Naturalk Language

Types of Computer
➥Divided According to Works / Functyions: ➥Divided According to Size & Capabilities: basicly 4 types

Analog Computer ➥Popular MC: UNIVAC; very expensive- Fujitsu’s ICL VME, Hitachi’s Z800, etc
➥Reads data using measerment & some program scale. ➥Time sharing & Multi Tasking where 100 people can work at a time on different
➥Ex: Mechanical-Integers, speedometer, Nomogram terminals
Digital Computer ➥Large computer handling large application in Business Organization & Large Database,
➥Calculation & logical operation perferm Large input output system on same time.
➥Represented as binory digit ➥Contain large databasse known super servers which handels huge amount of
➥Example- Desktop, Mainfraim, etc input/output operation at the same time.
Hybrid Computer Super Computer
➥Analog + Digital; Works by measuring quantity & calculating logical operations. ➥Most powerful in performance, Storage & most expensive. Most super computer use
➥Example:- ECG Moniter, HRS-100, etc. Linux.
Micro Computer ➥1st India made super computer :- Param-8000 - 1991, Bijay Panduranga
➥1st Micro Computer: Alter-8800 Vatkar(Director of CDAC ) (Center for Development Advance Computing, Pune)
➥Father of Laptop: Adam Osborne ➥World 1st : CDC-6600/Crey-1 Crey K-1-S, developed by Crey K company of USA
➥Small size; Useses in - Home, School, Office ➥1976, Semyour Crey invent at America CRC (Crey Research Center)
Mini Computer ➥Speed measure unit: Flops (floating point operation per second)
➥1st mini computer: PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor) ➥Fuguku: speediest super computer
➥Store large amount of data ➥NASA use super computer
➥ 5-50 times more powerfull from Micro computer ➥Name of some super computers- Mosalver :- NAL, Bangaluru Anupam :- BARC
➥Multiprocessing system capable to 4-200 user simeltenously (Bhaba Atomic Research Center), PARAM-1000 (1 billion calculation per second,
➥Example-IBM mid range computers, K-2025, SDS-92 Developed by C-DAC), Blue, Aaditya, Pratyush, SAGA-220, Frontera, Mira, K-
Mainfraim Computer Computer, Titan, IBM Summit, Sequoia, Piz Diant, Stampede, JU Queen,
➥1st Mainfraim Computer: Harverd Mark-1 VULCAN, Tianhe-2, Sunway Taihu Light

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher
➥Powerful Super Computer :-Param, Padam, Mihir ➥Q-bit will be used in lieu of Binary Bits
Quantumm Computer ➥Quantum computer was first introduced by Richard Feynman. It uses quantum
➥Probabiliy more advance then human brain mechanical phenomena.

Computer Language

Machine Language:
➥0,1 binary
➥1st generation, 1942-1955

Assambly Language
➥Add, Sub, Mul, div
➥2nd Generation, 1950
High Level Language
➥3rd Generation, 1960
➥FORTRON (Formula Translation)-1975-John Breaks, 1st Programming language.
COBAL (Common Business Oriented Language)-1975-Gress Hupper Muree,
BASIC (Begners All purpose Symbol Instruction Code)-1964-John Camlin-Kwith,
PASCAL -1970-Nicolus with-Education Field
C -1972-Denish Ritche
C++ -1983-Bjarne Stroustrup/Otherwise Known as: OOPS (Object Orientated Programming Language)
ALGOL (Algorithm Language)-1958
LIPS (List Processing)-1958-John Mecarthy
4 Generation
th
5th Generation
➥Quary Language ➥1989-Present
➥Domain Based Language ➥Smarter Language
➥Non Proceduing/coding ➥Artificial Intelligence
➥JSP, JAVA, SQL ➥PROLOG language use

Language Converter:
Assembler Compiler
➥Convert Assembly Language to Machine Language ➥Convert High Level language to Machine Language
Interpreter ➥FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBAL, C, C++, PASCSL, LIPS
➥Convert High Level language to Machine Language ; BASIC, LIPS

Memory of Computer

Register
Case Memory *Increase Speed - ↑ ;
Primary Memory I.e Resister is more speed than case memory & so on
Axualary/Secondary Memory Increase Size - ↓ ;
Offline /Backup Memory I.e Resister is small size than case memory & so on

Unit:
Bit (Binary Digit) = 0, 1 8 bit = 1 byte
4 bit = 1 nibble 1024 byte = 1 mega byte

Types:

Primary Mamory
SRAM ➥Changeable
➥Static Random Access Memory ➥Refresh 1000 times in 1 min I.e. 2 to 10 ms
➥Fixed PROM/UPROM
➥Less Refresh ➥Programmable Read Only Memory/User ROM
➥SCROM :- Synchronous Dram ➥Store Permenent Data
DRAM EPROM
➥Dynamic RAM ➥Erasable/Essential PROM

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher
➥Erase by UV Ray ➥Use for increase RAM speed
EEPROM ➥180 mono-second RAM = 45 nano-second Cashe Memory
➥ Electronic EPROM
➥ Individual bytes of data to be erased & re-programmable
➥ Erase by Electronic
➥ Small amount of data
BIOS Flash Memory
➥Basic Output Input System ➥Rewritable Memory, I.e- Delet, write
➥Using for Booting ➥Non-volatile/Permenent Memory
➥Test-POST (Power in Self Test) ➥Using Example- Mobile, Camera, Printer
Cache Memory Virtual Memory
➥a type of SRAM ➥Present blank space of Heard Disk is called virtual memory
➥Using increase of RAM memory

Secondary Memory
Optical Disk ➥Hard Disk :- 500gb to 1tb
CD ➥Hard Disk:- Group of sectors=Clusters; Seek time= Tracks; Latency
➥ Comprct Disk time=Sector(rotational Delay Time)
➥ Read only, Write data through LEASER (Light Amplification for SImulation Emission of ➥Read/write head to move to specific location on a disk
Radiation) ➥Two sides of hard disk coted in Magnetic metal oxide
➥ Capacity: 650-700mb ➥Speed of Hard disk: 3600-7200 rpm
➥ CD-ROM : -Write Only Read Many (WORM)- Firmware - 6.40mb to 680mb floppy disk :
➥ CD-R : -Compact Disk Readible- Record ➥ Flaxible
➥ CD-R/W:-Compect Disk Re-Writable-Read,Write, Erage ➥ Size & Capacity:
DVD - 5.25 inch - 1.2 mb storage
➥1995 - 8 inch - 80 kb to 1.44 mb storage
➥Capacity- 6.5 gb - 8 inch - 1.44 mb to above storage
➥DVD-ROM: -capacity- 4.7gb to 17gb Magnetic tape
➥Magnetic Disk :60mb-1gb storage
BRD ➥Write Sequential access
➥ Using to store high quality movies, games ➥Per 1 inch tape = 800-6250 byte unit Data
➥ Capacity: 25 gb (1 side BRD), 50gb (2 side BRD) ➥Length: 200-3600 feet
Magnetic Disk Memory disk
HDD VCR
➥(Hard Disk Drive) : -Hard Disk- a disk present above of a disk (Stock of Disk) Cassel

Others
USB Pendrive
➥ Team Breasly, Ajay Bhatt (India) ➥ Solid State Drive
➥ Capacity - 1gb to 256gb

Hardware & Software

Components of Computer
Input Unit ➥Its consist Two kinds A. Primary Mamory, B. Secondary Memory
➥Every bit takes 2 possibles value. Using 8 bits [=2 Nibble (Nibble=4bit)], computer can ➥Note:
represented 256 different symbols.  Cell: is the smallest entity of memory; computer memory is divided into a large
➥It converts these coded results to readable form which convenient to users. number of small parts called cells. Each cell (location) has a unique address,
which varies from 0 to memory size – 1.
Processing Unit  The primary memory (also called main memory) of a personal computer consists of
➥CPU:- It consists a set of componenets of registers, arithmetic logic unit and control unit, both RAM and ROM
which together interpret and execute instructions in assembly language.  The Boot sector files of the system are stored in ROM computer memory.
 ALU: Logiciala and Aerethmaticla operations  In main memory RAM is volatile which means, data gets lost when power is
 CU: Instructs, maintainance, flows of information but doesn’t store data. Its tells switched off.
the memory , ALU and I/O devices that how they response.  Secondary memory is the lowest in the computer memory hierarchy. Register in
 Register, is a small storage space within a computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU has the fastest speed in the computer memory hierarchy.
that holds data, instructions, and the processor's current status.  there are 2 types of Random Access Memory or RAM. They are SRAM (Static
RAM) & DRAM (Dynamic RAM).
Output Unit  4 bytes is size of computer accumulator register
➥It converts these coded results to readable form which convenient to users.  The process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors is called Formatting.
 Cache memory - Volatile
Memory Unit  More Click and view

Hardware
Input Device
Keyboard
➥101-108 keys (Standard), 86 keys (Laptop)
➥Christopher Latham Sholes :- Typewriter-Keypoard invent
➥Key:-
Function Key -12- (F1, F2, … F12)
Alpha Numerical Key - (0,1,2,…,9, A-Z, !, @, $ )
Spacial Key - (Page Up, Page Down, End, Home, 4-Navigation key ie ←↑↓→)
Numeric Key -17- (0, 1,…)
Toogle Key -2- (Caps Lock, Num Lock)
Modifier Key -3- (Ctrl, Alt, Shift)
➥-Shortcuts key-
Function Key F7 : Spelling Error Check & Grammar Error Check
F1 : Help F8 : Extended Selection
F2 : Rename, Cell edit (Excel) F9 : Adress bar open (Internet Explorer), Brightness
F3 : Search F10 : Show key tips (Alt)
F4 : F11 : Full screen (browser); Cell range to chart convert (MS Excel)
F5 : Refresh (Desktop); Full Start Slide Show (MS Powerpoint) F12 : Save as
F6 : Address Bar (task Bar functions)
Ctrl+Alphabet
Ctrl+A : Select all Ctrl+N : New
Ctrl+B : Bold selected text Ctrl+O : Open
Ctrl+C : Copy Ctrl+P : Print; Pen ink write on slide show (MS Powerpoint)
Ctrl+D : Font Dialog Box (MS Word); Fill down the selection (MS Excel); Duplicate Slide (MS Ctrl+Q :
Powerpoint) Ctrl+R : Right Alignment
Ctrl+E : Center Alignment; Erage ink on slide show (MS Powerpoint) Ctrl+S : Save
Ctrl+F : Find Ctrl+T : Hanging Indent
Ctrl+G : Go to Ctrl+U : Underline selected text
Ctrl+H : Replace Ctrl+V : Paste
Ctrl+I : Italic selected text (Slanted appearance) Ctrl+W : Cloase program
Ctrl+J : Justify Ctrl+X : Cut
Ctrl+K : Hyperlink Ctrl+Y : Redo
Ctrl+L : Left Alignment Ctrl+Z : Undu
Ctrl+M : Insert a new slide (MS Powerpoint), Increase left indent
Ctrl+Function Key
Ctrl+F1 : Show/Hide Ribbon Ctrl+F2 : Print Privew

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher
Ctrl+F3 :Ctrl+F4 : Closed Program (Ctrl+W) Ctrl+F9 : Microsoft Word: Creates a new field code formatting mark. Ctrl+Shift+F9 unlinks a
Ctrl+F5 : force reload a webpage field or text.Excel: Minimizes a workbook window to an icon. Ctrl+Alt+F9 calculates all
Ctrl+F6 : Go to next window worksheets in all open workbooks (from Google)
Ctrl+F7 : Moves the window (from Google) Ctrl+F10 : toggle between minimized & maximized windows in Microsoft Excel (from Google)
Ctrl+F8 : Resizes the window (from Google) Ctrl+F11 : insert a macro sheet in MS Excel (from Google)
Ctrl+F12 : Dialog Box
Ctrl+Other Key
Ctrl+↑ : Move courser to begning of previous paragraph Ctrl+] : Increasing font size by 1 point
Ctrl+↓ : Move courser to begning of next paragraph Ctrl+[ : Decreasing font size by 1 point
Ctrl+1 : Single space line Ctrl+= : Subscript
Ctrl+2 : Double space line Ctrl+9 : Hide entire row (MS Excel)
Ctrl+5 : 1.5 line spacing Ctrl+0 : Hide entire column (MS Excel)
Ctrl+Mouse mouse wheel : Zoom In Zoom Out Ctrl+; : Current Date (MS Excel)
Ctrl+Esc : Start window
Ctrl+Shift+Alphabet
Ctrl+Shift+A : Lower Case to Upper Case or viceversa Ctrl+Shift+P : Open Font Dialog Box in MS Excel
Ctrl+Shift+B : Internet browsers to hide & show the bookmark bar Ctrl+Shift+Q : sign out of a Chromebook (from Google)
Ctrl+Shift+C : Copy Formatting from text Ctrl+Shift+R : right align highlighted text in many text programs (from Google)
Ctrl+Shift+D : adds double underline to the selected text (from Google) Ctrl+Shift+S : save as in Photoshop. & Excell, opens the Apply Styles window to view & change
Ctrl+Shift+E : the style of text. (from Google)
Ctrl+Shift+F : Open Font Dialog Box Ctrl+Shift+T : reopens the last tab you've closed in most major internet browsers, including
Ctrl+Shift+G : goes through the matches in the opposite direction after using the Find tool in Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Internet Explorer, & Opera.
the browser. Ctrl+Shift+U : expands or collapses the formula bar Microsoft Excel (from Google)
Ctrl+Shift+H : open the Library window in Firefox (from Google) Ctrl+Shift+V : Applying copied formatting to text
Ctrl+Shift+I : opens the developer tools for the browser. Ctrl+Shift+W : closes the currently active window & any open tabs in that window. (from
Ctrl+Shift+J : creates a new journal entry in Microsoft Outlook (from Google) Google)
Ctrl+Shift+K : create a new task in Microsoft Outlook. (from Google) Ctrl+Shift+X : perform a mouse right-click in Google Docs
Ctrl+Shift+L : Quickly create a bullet point (from Google) Ctrl+Shift+Y : open the dictionary in Google Docs, redoes the most recent action that was
Ctr+Shiftl+N : Opens a new window in incognito mode undone. (from Google)
Ctrl+Shift+O : opens the Bookmark manager or the Favorites in browser Ctrl+Shift+Z : redo the previously undone action in Google Docs & Google Sheets (from Google).
Ctrl+Shift+Other Key
Ctrl+Shift+Enter : Column Break Ctrl+Shift+› : Increse font size one value
Ctrl+Shift+Space-bar : Select all cell (MS Excel) Ctrl+Shift+‹ : Decrease font size one value
Ctrl+Shift+; : Current Time (MS Excel) Ctrl+Shift++ : Superscript
Ctrl+Alt+Alphabet
Ctrl+Alt+A : Ctrl+Alt+N :
Ctrl+Alt+B : Ctrl+Alt+O : Outline view
Ctrl+Alt+C : Screenshots of desktop Ctrl+Alt+P : Print Preview
Ctrl+Alt+D : Ctrl+Alt+Q :
Ctrl+Alt+E : Ctrl+Alt+R : Reading View
Ctrl+Alt+F : Full Screen of MS Word, WPS Office Ctrl+Alt+S :
Ctrl+Alt+G : Ctrl+Alt+T :
Ctrl+Alt+H : Ctrl+Alt+U :
Ctrl+Alt+I : Print Ctrl+Alt+V : Pest Spacial
Ctrl+Alt+J : Ctrl+Alt+W :
Ctrl+Alt+K : Ctrl+Alt+X : Screenshot
Ctrl+Alt+L : Ctrl+Alt+Y :
Ctrl+Alt+M : Ctrl+Alt+Z :
Ctrl+Alt+Other Key
Ctrl+Alt
Shift+Function Key
Shift+F1 : Reveal Formatting task pane Shift+F7 : Thesaurus (Synonym & Antonym) of a word near courser auto select
Shift+F2 : Shift+F8 :
Shift+F3 : Change selected text from the upper case to lower case or a capital letter at the Shift+F9 :
beginning of every word in Word Document Shift+F10 :
Shift+F4 : Shift+F11 : New spreadsheet insert
Shift+F5 : Shift+F12 :
Shift+F6 :
Alt+Function Key
Alt+Esc : Switch Window Alt+F7 :
Alt+F1 : Alt+F8 : Macros
Alt+F2 : Alt+F9 : Compiling (Program),
Alt+F3 : Alt+F10 : same as Alt
Alt+F4 : Close Window Alt+F11 :
Alt+F5 : Alt+F12 :
Alt+F6 :
Some Opposite & Similar Shortcut key for Remembering
Shift+Space-bar : Highlight entire row (MS Excel)
Ctrl+Space-bar : Highlight entire column (MS Excel)

Mouse ➥Convert voice signal to digital signal

➥1964, Douglas Englebernt & William English Scanner
➥Type - Mechanical Optical, Wireless ➥Hard copy to Soft Copy Convert
Jaystick ➥Drum scanner - Megazine; Flated Scanner - Normal
➥Pointing device MICR
➥Using for Game ➥Magnetic Ink Character Reader
Track ball ➥Read Bank Check - 9 digit number (3-city, 3-bank, 3-branch code)
➥Pointing Device (Mouse + Jaystick) BCR (Bar Code Recognition/Reader), OCR (Optical Character Reader), OMR (Optical Mark
➥Using for Video Editing Reader),
Microphone Touch Screen, Camera , Graphic Tab

Output Device
Printer Leaser Printer
➥ Impact Printer : Noise, Black & white, Ahcent LEASER (Light Amplification for Simulated Emission of Radiation) - High Quality 300-600
Dot Metrix Printer dpi; Fastest Printrer
Quality - Moderate; Thermal Printer
Character Printer - one letter in one time Wax coated paper used; Shopping mals, ATM
4, 9, 14, 18 & 24 pin head Speaker
Speed 60-300 cps (cps-Character per Space) Plotter
Deisy Wheel Printe ➥High Quality Graphics
Speed Low & High quality, Character Printer ➥Using Pen
Use in Court Moniter
Line Printer {Drum, Band, Chain} ➥CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LED (Light Emitting Dioad), OLED
Print 1 line at a time (Organic LED), AMOLED (Active Matrix OLED), TFT (Thin Film Transister).
Speed 300-3000 cps NOTE:
➥ Non Impact Printer : ➥Pixel-Smallest Unit of Picture
Ink-jet Printer ➥Resolution - Number of pixel height * number of pixels Width (I.e. Measure Diagonally)
Colourful Printer:- 4 ink (Cyan, Magenta, Black, Yellow)
300 dpi

Software

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2 types : System Software : Operating System, Language Converter, Linker Loader; & Application Software : MS Office, Photoshop, other applications
Operating Software
➥ It provides an interface between User & Hardware
➥ Functions : Processing management; Memory Management; File Management, Input-Output Management
➥ User Interface :- CUI (Character User Interface) - Command - Example-MS Dos; GUI (Graphical User Interface) - Example- Window XP,7,8,…
➥Types : Batch Processing OS - Group same work & send to CPU - Bill management, Payroll, etc
Single User OS - Window - 95/98/XP/… ←One user at time one
Multi User OS - UNIX - NASA, ISRO ←Many users at one time
Single Tasking OS - Example- Palm Computer ← One work at one time
Multi Tasking OS - Exammple- MAC, Window, Android, IOS ← Much work at one time
Realtime OS - Example- Robot, Aerocraft ← Work in time Interval
➥Example of OS : UNIX (1969,Denis Ritehic, Ken Thompson; Multitasking OS; Using C program language), Linux (Linex Tornorids, 1991; Open Sorce OS; Using as a surver; Example-
Ubantu, Red hut, Linux mint), IOS, Android, Blackberry
➥Linux - Most Super computer use it
➥Large number of usese Android

MS Office
(MS Word, MS Excell, MS Powerpoint, MS Access, MS Outlook, MS Onenote)
MS Office Window -Oct 1990 MS Office 97 MS Office 2007
MS Office 3.0 MS Office 2000 MS Office 2010
MS Office 4X MS Office XP MS Office 2012
MS Office 1995 MS Office 2003 MS Office 2015

All office menu Tabs can visit here↓ (2007 default & can choose 2010)
Click here to view all tabs in web

MS Word Some Note

➥ Zoom value 10 to 500
➥ Maximum funt size to character - 1638
➥ The maximum no of column 63 & maximum number of row is 32767
➥ The maximum scale % available in Scale drop down box is 200
➥ Dropcap - maximum no of line - 10 & by defult - 3. & 2 different position can be set
➥ 4 font style will appear in font dialog box in by default
➥ Mirror Margin - helps to format margin back to back printing
➥ Gutter Margin - added to the binding side of page when printing
➥ Velue of margin - left-0.5 ; right-0.5;top-1 ; bottom-1
➥ Single Spacing is 12 points
➥ Method to open column dialog box -
1) Double click the space between area & ruler
2) Page layout Column
3) Shortcut: Alt+O+C
➥ Method to save types -
1) Ctrl+S,
2) Ctrl + Shift +S
3) File Saving column / tab
➥

MS Excel Some Note

➥ Zoom value 10 to 400; by default 100%
➥ Maximum character can be typed in a single cell = 32767
➥ Maximum Sheet = 255 (Manually no limit its depend on Memory); Default sheet = 3
➥ MS Excel 2003 - Maximum numbers of Row = 65536; & Column = 256;
➥ MS Excel 2016 - Maximum numbers of Row = 1048576; & Column = 16384
➥ Font size - 8 to 72 (Mannualy 1 to 409 point)
➥ Other Name:- Row = tupple; Column = Attribute
➥ Warkspsace = group of workbooks; Workbook = Collection of worksheet/Spreadsheet
➥ Active Cell - current working cell identify by Dark Border
➥ Concatenation of text can be done using Ampersand(&) symbol
➥ Text Align -default- Left; Number Align -default- Right; Text & Number Align -default- Left
➥ Absolute cell refernce occurs when formulas is dragged but the cell referance do not adjust
Absolute Reference represent - $B$5 [$B - Column name, $5 - Row number]
➥ Mixed Reference represent - B$5
➥ In Excel chart, text display at data point to indicate the specific category is called Data lebel
➥ A chart is crated on the basis of value in spredsheet
Formula
➥ Arethmatic Operator : %(Mod), ^, /, *, +, -, >, <, >=, <=, !=(not equal to)
➥ Logical operator : >, <, >=, <=, != ; condition check I.e =if(3>1, “Pass”,”Fail”)
➥ Concanteranation Oprator : & -Join two different word from two different cell
➥ Referance Operator : ie “:”
➥ Floor (Smaller one / smalll number which is divisible) :
=floar(3,2) =floar(64,10) =floar(23.5,2)
= 3/2 = 2/2 = 2 = 64/10 = 60/10= 60 = 23.5/2= 22/2= 22
➥ Celling (Largest number which is divisible) :
=celing(5,2) =celing(49.5,7)
= 5/2 = 6/2 = 6 = 49.5/7= 56/7 = 56

=celing(33.5,11) + floar(47,2) =floar(33.5,11) + celing(47,2)

= (33.5/11)+(47/2) = (44/11)+(46/2) = = (3/3)+(7/7) = 3+7 = 10
44+64 = 90
➥ Round :
=Round(24.678, 2) = 24.68 =Round(729.21, -1) = 730
=Round(24.678,0) = 24 =Round(3892, -3) = 4000
➥ Aveerage :
(Note: if Condition is wrong then take 0, if Condition is right then take 1)
=Average(3, 4, 8>9, 1) =Average(54>50, 5, 2, 6%2==1, 4, 5)
= (4+3+0+1)/4 = 2 = (1+5+2+0+4+5)/6 = 2 [6%2 = 6 mod2 = 0]
=Sum(1, 2, 3, 45!=46)
= 1+2+3+1 = 7 [ “!=” is not eqal to symbol]
➥ Factorial :
=Fact(0)+fact(2) = 1+2 =3
➥ Mathematical Operator :
=8*8/4^2 =4+6*2/2^2
= 8*8/16 = 4 = 4+12/4 = 4+3 = 7
➥ Count - Only count number I.e. - =Count(4, 8, False, 5) = 3; but CountA - Count both text & number I.e. - =CountA(4, 8, False, 5) = 4
➥

MS Power-point Some Note

➥ Zoom value 10 to 400
➥ Difult view - Normal View & Outline view; But there have 6 views that are Normal view, Outline view, Slide Show, Notes Page view (Note making point-wise for remembering), Slide
Sotter view, Master view
➥ 4 new aliments in MS PowerPoint - Title, Subtitle, Drawing Object, Clipart

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher
➥ Slides Support file - image (.jpg, .jpeg, .gif, .png, .bmp), text, video, Audio, Record
JPEG- Joint Photographic Export Group GIF - Graphical Interchange Format
JPG - Joint Photographic Group PNG - Portable Network Graphic
BMP - Bit Map Image
➥

Networking
Introduction
A wey of communication to connect two or more devices is called networking
Mainly networking is 3 types
1. Local Area Network (LAN) 3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
➥ imit (Range) - 1km to 10km ➥ Limit less
➥ Either net use ➥ Example - Broadcasting, Internet
➥ Use in short distance 4. Campus Area Network (CAN)
➥ Device - Printer, Charger, Router, etc ➥ Limit 1 to 5km
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 5. Personal Area Network (PAN)
➥ City to city connection ➥ 10m to 100m range
➥ 10km radius range ➥ Example - USB, Bluetooth, Hotsp
➥ Example- Cable TV, Hospital, School, etc

Internet
➥ Network present within one Company, libery, Restaurant, Office, etc. ➥ TELNET - Protocal provides a bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication
➥ Networking work under of boundary of a resident through a virtual terminal connection - Remote computer ko excess karta hai
➥ Internet Broadcasting within a large area ➥ DNS(Domain Name System) - IP to Domane
➥ Vinton cerf ➥ TCP - Realiable; Connection Orianted; Transport layer (OSI 7th layer)
➥ Interconnection + Network ➥ IRC(Internet Relay Chat)
➥ ARPANET(Advance Research Project Agency Network) - 1st network - 1969 -
Department of Defence (USA)

Extranet
➥ Networking work/access under the resident & under 2 km radius.

Ethernet
➥ Networking through wire.
➥ 3 types wire/cable: Twisted pair, fibre optic, coexcel cable

TOPOLOGY
➥ Any divice connections structured is known as topology computer & their is no uses of any memory.
➥ 5 types: ➥ Sending data with small pieces is known as packet.
1. Bus topology 4. Tree topology or Hybrid topology
➥ Single line connection ➥ This topology is made of by mixed with bus topology & star topology.
➥ Computer known as under topology is Node ➥ Use for large organisation, Bank, etc
➥ Starting & ending point of bus topology is known as ➥ Less expensive
terminal
2. Ring topology
➥ Circular connection
➥ Data/message send one computer to another
computer under ring topology is known as Token
➥ Less complexity
3. Star topology
5. Mesh topology
➥ Shape like star
➥ Bidirectional
➥ Main computer which is a networking device that
➥ Complex
connected to other devices under star topology is
➥ Expensive
known as Hub.
➥ Free style
➥ Hub is a dumb terminal that send data/message to all
➥ Large MNC companies

CONGRATULATION MEDIA
➥ 2 types:
1. Guided Media ➥ Their have electric pulse & that is help to
➥ Using wire Twisted pair, fibre optic (optical fibre cable), coexcel cable send data or connection using of
Twisted pair - internal reflection.
➥ very old cable. ➥ Using for Internet.
➥ using home works & electricity. 2. Unguided Media
➥ there have cupper coil. ➥ Without wire i.e. Electromagnetic wave, Microwave, Radio wave, Infrared wave
➥ Example:TV connection, Refrigerator connection, etc. Electromagnetic wave -
Coexcel cable - ➥ Works on mechanism of mobile devices network
➥ Upper part known as Jacket, middle part is inner jacket & inner part is electric pin. Infrared wave -
➥ Using in TV antina cable. ➥ It is not transmit from physical object
➥ Fast connection ➥ Example: Rimote control of TV, Car Toy, et
Optical fibre cable -
➥ Made up of glass & at inside that without using any metal.

NETWORKING DEVICES
➥ Divices are using for build a network
Hub -
➥ It is a type of repeater that having Multi port
➥ It is working on OSI's 1st physical layers
[OSI- OSI stands for Open System Interconnection OSI have 7 layers
1 Physical layer 3 Network layer 5 Session layer 7 Application layer
2 Data link layer 4 Transport layer 6 Presentation layer
➥ Hub using under Star topology
➥ It has no memory & called as dumb memory
Repeater - ➥ It works on Data link layer
➥ It has only two port ➥ Bridge 1st time work on Broadcast then further use in Unicast
➥ Using for increasing network speed ➥ It control data flow
➥ Repeater network generated automatically ➥ Data send from one place to another is known as packet
➥ Expensive Switch -
➥ Using in SBI, RBI, continuous networking using organizations ➥ Switch like hub device but having too many ports
Router - ➥ It have memory so it known as a intelligent terminal
➥ It is a divice that works on root divide ➥ It is using on Physical layer, Data link layer & Network layer
➥ It using of OSI network layer ➥ Data send from one place to another is known as frame (frame is error free)
➥ It connected with modem Gateway -
➥ First check IP address then connected to divice ➥ Using for data upload or download permission
Bridge - ➥ Router works of gateway's work but Gateway doesn't works of Router's work
➥ It is using for connect two LAN
➥

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Abbreviation
3GP – 3rd Generation Project 3GPP – 3rd Generation Partnership Project
A/D - Analog To Digital. DVDRW – Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
AAC – Advanced Audio Coding DVI -Digital Visual Interface
ACE – Access Control Entry DVR – Digital Video Recorder
ADSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line EB – EXAByte
AFA – All-Flash Array E-Commerce – Electronic Commerce
AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port EDGE – Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution
AI – Artificial Intelligence EDI – Electronic Data Interchange
ALGOL – Algorithmic Language EDP – Electronic Data Processing
ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit EDSAC–Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
AOL – America Outline EDVAC–Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Compute
API – Application Program Interface EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
APIPA– Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing EFS – Encrypted File System
APT – Automatically Programmed Tooling EiB – EXBIByte
ARP – Address Resolution Protocol E-Mail – Electronic Mail
ARPANET–Advanced Research Projects Agency Network ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator & Calculator
ASCII–American Standard Code for Information Interchange EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
ASF – Advanced Streaming Format EROM – Erasable Read-Only Memory
ASP – Active Server Pages FAT – Find Allocation Table
ASR – Automatic Send And Receive. FDC – Floppy Disk Controller
AT – Advanced Technology FDD – Floppy Disk Drive
ATAPI – Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode FIFO – First In First Out
AUI – Attachment Unit Interface FLOPS – Floating Point Operations Per Second
AVI – Audio Video Interleave FM – Frequency Modulation
B HTML – Broadcast Hypertext Markup Language FO – Fiber Optics
B2B – Business to Business FORTRAN – Formula Translation
B2C – Business to Consumer FPS -Frames Per Second
BASIC–Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code FRAM – Ferro Electric Random-Access Memory
BCC – Blind Carbon Copy FS – File System
BCD – Binary Coded Decimal FTP – File Transfer Protocol
BDPSBusiness Data Processing Systems GB – GigaByte
BIOS – Basic Input Output System GBPS – Gigabytes/Gigabits Per Second
BIS – Business Information System. GDI – Graphical Device Into
BIU – Bus Interface Unit GHz – Gigahertz
BMP – Bitmap GiB – GIBIByte
BPS – Bytes Per Second GIF – Graphics Interchange Format
BYTE – Storage Unit GIGO – Garbage in Garbage Out
CAD – Computer-Aided Design GML – Geography Markup Language
CADD – Computer-Aided Design in Drafting GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
CAI – Computer-Aided Instruction GSM – Global System For Mobile Communication
CAM – Computer-Aided Manufacturing GUI – Graphical User Interface
CAR – Control Address Register HD – Hard Disk
CASEComputer Aided Software Engineering HDD – Hard Disk Drive
CC – Carbon Copy HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
CCIS – Common Channel Interoffice Signaling HFS – Hierarchical File System
CCNA – Cisco Certified Network Associate HP – Hewlett Packard/Horsepower
CD – Compact Disk HPC – Handheld Personal Computer
CD ROM – Compact Disk Read Only Memory HPFS – High Performance File System
CD RW – Compact Disk Rewritable HSDPA – High-speed Downlink Packet Access
C-DAC –Centre For Development of Advanced Computing HTML – HyperText Markup Language
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
CDROM – Compact Disc Read Only Memory HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
CGI – Common Gateway Interface HZ – Hertz.
CGM – Computer Graphics Metafile I/O – Input / Output.
CIDR – Classless Inter Domain Routing IBM – International Business Machines
CIM – Computer Integrated Manufacture IC – Integrated Circuit
CISC – Complex Instructions Set Computers ICT – Information Communication Technology
CLR – Common Language Runtime IDE – Integrated Development Environment
CMD – Command IE – Internet Explorer
CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor IGMP – Internet Group Management Protocol
COBOL – Common Business Oriented Language IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
COMPUTER – Commonly Operated Machine Used for Trade or Technology, Education & INFO – Information
Research INTEL – Integrated Electronics
CORBA– Common Object Request Broker Architecture IO – Input Output
CPI – Clock/Cycle Per Instruction IOP – Input Output Processor
CPS – Characters Per Second. IP – Internet Protocol
CPU – Central Processing Unit IPV4 – Internet Protocol Version 4
CROM – Computerised Range of Motion IPV6 – Internet Protocol Version 6
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube ISAPI – Internet Server Application Program Interface
CSS – Cascading Style Sheets file ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network
CUI – Character User Interface ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation
DAC – Digital to Analog Converter ISP – Internet Service Provider
DARPANET – Defence Advanced Research Project Agency Network ISR – Interrupt Service Routine
DAT – Digital Audio Tape IT – Information Technology
DBA – Data Base Administrator ITPL – Information Technology Park Limited (India)
DBMS – Database Management System J2EE – Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition
DCA – Defense Communication Agency JAD – Job Application Descriptor/Development
DCL – Data Control Language JAR – Java Archive
DDL – Data Definition Language JCL – Job Control Language
DDP – Distributed Data Processing JDBC – Java DataBase Connectivity
DDR – Double Data Rate JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group
DDR-SDRAM – Double Data Rate-Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory JS – JavaScript file
DFS – Distributed File System JSP – Java Server Pages
DHCP – Dynamic Host Control Protocol KB – Kilobyte
DHTML – Dynamics Hypertext Markup Language KBD – Keyboard
DML – Data Manipulation Language Kbps – Kilobits/Kilobytes per Second
DNA – Distributed Internet Architecture LAN – Local Area Network
DNS – Domain Name Server LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
DNSDomain Name System (Server) LLL – Low-level Language
DOC – Date Optimising Computer LSI – Large Scale Integration
Doc – Document LSP – Layered Service Provider
doc & docx – Microsoft Word file MAC – Media Access Control
DOS – Disk Operating System MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
DPI – Dots Per Inch MAU – Multi-station Access Unit
DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory MB – Motherboard/Megabyte
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line MBPS – Megabits/Megabytes per Second
DTP – Desktop Publishing. MDI – Multiple Document Interface
DVD – Digital Versatile Disk MG – MegaBytes
DVDR – Digital Versatile Disk Recordable MHz – Megahertz

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MICR – Magnetic Ink Character Recognition RDP – Remote Desktop Protocol
MIMD – Multiple Instruction Multiple Data RFC – Request For Comments
MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions RGB – Red Green Blue
MIPS – Millions Of Instructions Per Second RICS – Reduced Instruction Set Computer
MODEM – Modulator & Demodulator RIP – Routing Information to Protocol
MP3 – Motion Pictures Experts Group Layer 3 ROM – Read Only-Memory
Mp4 – MPEG-4 AVC RPM – Revolutions Per Minute
MPEG – Motion Picture Experts Group RTC – Real-Time Clock
MS – Microsoft RTF – Rich Text Format
MSRAP – Microsoft Remote Administration Protocol RTOS – Real-Time Operating System
MSRPC – Microsoft Remote Procedure Call SAM – Security Account Manager \ Software Asset Management/Sequential Access Method \
MTS – Microsoft Transaction Server Security Access Manager
MTU – Maximum Transmission Unit SAP– Service Access Point, Systems Applications Products
NAT – Network Address Translation SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
NCP – Network Control Protocol SCMP – Software Configuration Management Plan
NDIS – Network Driver Interface Specification SEO – Search Engine Optimisation
NIC – Network Interface Card SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
NIIT – National Institute of Information Technology SIU – Serial Interface Unit
NNTP – Network News Transfer Protocol SMP – Symmetric Multi-Process
NS – Nano Second. SMPS – Switch Mode Power Supply
NTFS – New Technology File System SMS – Short Message Services
NTP – Network Time Protocol SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
OCR – Optical Character Readers SNA – System Network Architecture
ODBC – Open DataBase Connectivity SNAP – Sub Network Access Protocol
OLE – Object Linking & Embedding SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol
OMR – Optical Mark Recognition SNOBOL – String Oriented Symbolic Language
OOP – Object-Oriented Programming SOAP – Simple Object Access Protocol
OOPS – Object-Oriented Programming System SPX – Sequenced Packet Exchange
OpenGL – Open Graphics Library SQA – Statistical Quality Assurance
OS – Operating System SQL – Structured Query Language
OSI – Open Systems Interconnection SRAM – Static Random Access Memory
P2P – Peer To Peer. SRS – Software Requirements Specification
PAN – Personal Area Network SSD – Solid State Drive
PB – PetaByte STP – Shielded Twisted Pair
PC – Personal Computer SVVP – Software Verification & Validation Plan
PCB – Printed Circuit Board. SW – Software
PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect TAPI – Telephony Application Programming Interface
PDA – Personal Digital TB – Terabyte
PDF – Portable Document Format TBPS – Terabytes Per Second
PDL – Page Description Language TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
PDU – Protocol Data Unit/Power Distribution Unit TCPIP– Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol
PHP – Hypertext Preprocessor TDI – Transport Data Interface
PiB – PebiByte TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access
PIC – Programming Interrupt Control TiB – Tebibyte
PIL – OTProgrammed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching TPM – Transactions Processing Monitor
PIN – Personal Identification Number. TSR – Terminate & Stay Residents
PING – Packet Internet/Internetwork Groper TXT – Text
PLA – Programmable Logic Array txt – Plain text file
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller UDP – User Datagram Protocol
PNG – Portable Network Graphics UHF – Ultra High Frequency
PNP – Plug & Play UI – User Interface
PNP – Plug & Play UML – Unified Modelling Language
POST – Power on Self Test UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
PPP – Point to Point Protocol UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer
PPP – Peer To Peer Protocol UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
ppt – PowerPoint presentation URL -Uniform Resource Locator
PROM – Programmable Read-Only Memory USB – Universal Serial Bus
PSU – Power Supply Unit USRT – Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitted
RADSL – Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
RAID – Redundant Array of Independent Disks VAN – Value Added Network
RAM – Random Access Memory VAST – Very Small Aperture Terminal
RAMDAC – Random Access Memory Digital To Analog Converter VB – Visual Basic
rar – RAR file VC++ – Visual C++
RAS – Remote Access Network VCD – Video Compact Disk
RDBMS – Relational Database Management System VDL – View Definition Language
RDMA – Remote Direct Memory Access VDU – Visual Display Unit
RDO – Remote Data Objects VGA – Video Graphics Array
VHF – Very High Frequency WINDOWS XP – Windows Experienced
VHS – Video Home System WINS – Windows Internet Name Service
VIRUS – Vital Information Resource Under Seized WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
VLIW – Very Long Instruction Words WMA – Windows Media Audio
VLSI – Very Large-Scale Integrated Circuits WMI – Windows Management Instrumentation
VOIP – VoiceOver Internet Protocol WML – Wireless Markup Language
VPN – Virtual Private Network WMV – Windows Media Video
VR – Virtual Reality WORM – Write Once Read Many
VRAM – Video Random Access Memory WSH – Windows Script Host
VRML – Virtual Reality Modelling Language WWW – World Wide Web
VS – Visual Studio WYSIWYG – What You See Is What You Get
WAN – Wide Area Network XHTML – Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol XMF – Extensible Music File
WBEM – Web-Based Enterprise Management XML – Extensible Markup Language
WBMP – Wireless Bitmap Image XMS – Extended Memory Specification
WDM – Wave Division Multiplexing XSL – Extensible Style Language
WHQL – Windows Hardware Quality Lab XT – Extended Technology
Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity. Yahoo – Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle
WINDOWS ME – Windows Millennium Edition YB – Yottabyte
WINDOWS NT – Windows New Technology YiB – Yobibyte
ZB – Zetta Byte Zip – compressed file
ZiB – ZebiByte

***

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher
Pdf Section

PDF on Google Drive & Other:-

Computer
900 + Computer MCQ Arihant Computer Awareness
1500 Computer Awareness One Liner 500+ Computer MCQ in English
4000 Computer Objective Questions : Topic Wise 5000 MCQ of Computer in English
A to Z computer Term 500 Computer MCQ in English PDF
Computer Notes for Competitive Exams Computer Short Notes PDF
Basic Computer Knowledge ebook 1500 computer one liners Question Answers PDF
Glossary of Computer terms
Above all Notes by SSC Study Computer

-End-
By Bhuleswar Meher

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Computer Note by Bhuleswar Meher

Color Pallete

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