Multiple integrals

Dr. Nguyen Van Hoi

University of Information Technology

September 11, 2023

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Double integrals over rectangles

➬ Find |S|?
A closed rectangle is given by
R = [a, b] × [c, d] = {(x, y ) ∈ R2 | a ≤ x ≤ b, c ≤ y ≤ d}

The solid below f -a positive function, is

S = {(x, y , z) ∈ R3 | 0 ≤ z ≤ f (x, y ), (x, y ) ∈ R}
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➬ The (volume) double integral of f over R is approximated by
Xm X n ZZ
∗ ∗
V = lim f (xij , yij )∆A := f (x, y )dA.
m,n→∞ R
i=1 j=1

If this is the case, f is called integrable. 5 / 31

Iterated integrals: Fubini’s theorem

If f is bounded on R and is discontinuous at a finite number,

ZZ Z b Z d Z d Z b
f (x, y )dA = f (x, y )dydx = f (x, y )dxdy .
R a c c a

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Iterated integrals

If f is bounded on R and is discontinuous at a finite number,

ZZ Z b Z d Z d Z b
f (x, y )dA = f (x, y )dydx = f (x, y )dxdy
R a c c a

If f (x, y ) = g (x)h(y ) then

ZZ Z b Z d
f (x, y )dA = g (x)dx h(y )dy .
R a c

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 − 3y 2 )dA where R = [0.2] × [1, 2].
RR
➬ Evaluate R (x
ZZ Z 2Z 2 Z 2
(x − 3y 2 )dA = (x − 3y 2 )dydx = [xy − y 3 ]yy =2
=1 dx
R 0 1 0
2
x2
Z
= (x − 7)dx = [ − 7x]x=2
x=0 = −12.
0 2

Another way,
2Z 2 2
x2
ZZ Z Z
2 2
(x − 3y )dA = (x − 3y )dxdy = [ − 3xy 2 ]x=2
x=0 dy
R 1 0 1 2
Z 2
= (2 − 6y 2 )dy = [2y − 2y 3 ]x=2
x=1 = −12.
1

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☎ If R = [0, π/2] × [0, π/2], then
ZZ Z π/2 Z π/2
sin x cos ydA = sin xdx cos ydy
R 0 0
π/2 π/2
=[− cos x]0 [sin y ]0 = 1 · 1 = 1.

☎ Examples 3 and 4/pages 999 and 1000-Jame Stewart.

☎ Exercises: 3,7,13,19,25,26/pages 999 and 1000-Jame Stewart.

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Double integrals over general domains
RR
☎ If D is not a rectangle, what is D f (x, y )dA?

☎ If F is integrable over R, then we define

ZZ ZZ
f (x, y )dA = F (x, y )dA.
D R 10 / 31
The integral over domain type I

D = {(x, y ) | a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x)}

☎ If f is continuous on D, then
ZZ Z b Z g2 (x)
f (x, y )dA = f (x, y )dydx.
D a g1 (x) 11 / 31
The integral over domain type II

D = {(x, y ) | c ≤ y ≤ d, h1 (y ) ≤ x ≤ h2 (y )}

☎ If f is continuous on D, then
ZZ Z d Z h2 (y )
f (x, y )dA = f (x, y )dxdy .
D c h1 (y )
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☎ The parabolas intersect when 2x 2 = 1 + x 2 , that is, x = ±1.
☎ Note that the region is a type I region but not a type II
D = {(x, y ) | −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, 2x 2 ≤ y ≤ 1 + x 2 }

☎ Since f (x, y ) = x + 2y is continuous on D, then

ZZ Z 1 Z 1+x 2
(x + 2y )dA = (x + 2y )dydx = exercise.
D −1 2x 2 13 / 31
☎ The intersect points are (0, 0) and (2, 4) ☎ Note that the
region is a type II
1 √
D = {(x, y ) | 0 ≤ y ≤ 4, y ≤ x ≤ y }
2

☎ Since f (x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 is continuous on D, then

ZZ Z 4 Z 1y
2
2 2
(x + y )dA = √
(x 2 + y 2 )dxdy = exercise.
D 0 y
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☎ The region is also a type II
D = {(x, y ) | 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, x 2 ≤ y ≤ 2x}

☎ Since f (x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 is continuous on D, then

ZZ Z 2 Z x2
(x 2 + y 2 )dA = (x 2 + y 2 )dydx = Exercise.
D 0 2x

☎ Exercises: 5,7,8,17,22/Section 15.3-Jame Stewart.

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Properties of double integrals
• Sum:
ZZ ZZ ZZ
[f (x, y ) + g (x, y )]dA = f (x, y )dA + g (x, y )dA.
R R R

RR RR
• Multiply with constant: R
cf (x, y )dA = c R
f (x, y )dA.
• If f (x) ≥ g (x) for all (x, y ) ∈ R, then
ZZ ZZ
f (x, y )dA ≥ g (x, y )dA.
R R

RR
• Area of D:A(D) = D
1dA.
• If D = D1 ∪ D2 and they do not overlap,
ZZ ZZ ZZ
f (x, y )dA = f (x, y )dA + f (x, y )dA.
D D1 D2

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Double integrals on polar coordinates

❒ If f is continuous on a polar rectangle R given by

0 ≤ a ≤ r ≤ a, α ≤ θ ≤ β, where 0 ≤ β − α ≤ 2π, then
ZZ Z Z b
β
f (x, y )dA = α f (r cos θ, r sin θ)rdrdθ
R a
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❒ If D = {(r , θ)|α ≤ θ ≤ β, h1 (θ) ≤ r ≤ h2 (θ)}, then
ZZ Z Z h2 (θ)
f (x, y )dA = αβ f (r cos θ, r sin θ)rdrdθ
R h1 (θ)

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☎ Evaluate R (3x + 4y 2 )dA, where R is the region in the upper
RR

half-plane bounded by the circles x 2 + y 2 = 1 and y 2 + y 2 = 4.

R = {(x, y ) | y ≥ 0, 1 ≤ x 2 + y 2 ≤ 4}.

In the polar coordinates,

R = {(r , θ) | 1 ≤ r ≤ 2, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π}.

Then,
ZZ Z π Z 2
(3x + 4y 2 )dA = (3r cos θ + 4r 2 sin2 θ)rdrdθ = Exercise.
R 0 1

☎ Exercises: 19-20-21-23-24/Section 15.4.

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☎ Use a double integral to find the area enclosed by one loop of
the four-leaved rose r = cos 2θ.

D = {(r , θ) | −π/4 ≤ θ ≤ π/4, 0 ≤ r ≤ cos 2θ}.

So the area is
ZZ Z π/4 Z cos 2θ
1dA = rdrdθ = Exercise.
D −π/4 0 20 / 31
Triple integrals

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Integrals on cylindrical coordinates

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Integrals on spherical coordinates

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Thank you for listening!

Nguyen Van Hoi

[email protected]

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