ASSESSMENT SUMMARY / COVERSHEET

This form is to be completed by the assessor and used a final record of student competency.
All student submissions including any associated checklists (outlined below) are to be attached to this cover sheet
before placing on the student’s file.
Student results are not to be entered onto the Student Database unless all relevant paperwork is completed and
attached to this form.

Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Unit Code: RIICWD533E

Unit Title: Prepare detailed design of civil concrete structures

Result
Please attach the following documentation to this form: S = Satisfactory
NS = Not Satisfactory

Assessment 1 Written Assessment S NS

Assessment 2 Project Task 1 Soli Report S NS

Assessment 3 Project Task 2 Field Trip S NS

Assessment 4 Project Task 3 Cut & Fill S NS

Assessment 5 Project Task 4 Geotechnical Design S NS

Assessment 6 Project Task 5 Geotechnical Report S NS

Final Assessment Result for this unit C NYC

Student
Feedback:

Student Name:
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature:
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date:

Assessor Name:
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature:
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date:

Administrative use only

Entered into Student Management Database Date: Initials:

Page 1 of 173
 ASSESSMENT 1 – WRITTEN ASSESSMENT

Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Purpose

The pre-assessment checklist helps students determine if they are ready for assessment. The Trainer/Assessor
must review the checklist with the student before the student attempts the assessment task. If any items of the
checklist are incomplete or not clear to the student, the Trainer/Assessor must provide relevant information to the
student to ensure they understand the requirements of the assessment task. The student must ensure they are
ready for the assessment task before undertaking it.

Information for Trainers/Assessors

 Please make sure the student has completed the necessary prior learning before attempting this
assessment.
 Please make sure you as a Trainer/Assessor have clearly explained the assessment process and tasks to
be completed.
 Please make sure the student understands what evidence is required to be collected and how.
 Please make sure the student knows their rights and the complaints and appeal process.
 Please make sure the student has discussed any special needs or reasonable adjustments to be
considered during the assessment (refer to the Reasonable Adjustments Strategy Matrix in unit
information pack document).
 Please make sure the student has access to a computer and the internet (if they prefer to type the
answers).
 Please ensure that your student must have all the required resources needed to complete this Unit
Assessment Task (UAT). (Refer to Training and assessment resources for more information).
 Due date of this assessment task is according to the timetable.
 In exceptional (compelling and compassionate) circumstances, an extension to submit an assessment
can be granted by the Trainer/Assessor.
 Evidence of the compelling and compassionate circumstances must be provided together with the request
for extension to submit the assessment work.
 Request for an extension to submit assessment work must be made before the due date of this
assessment task.

Assessment task instructions

 The Unit Knowledge Test is comprised of forty-three (43) written questions.

 Student must attempt all the questions.
 Student must complete the task independently.
 Instructions/Guidelines such as word-limit, what is expected from the student, example answer etc. have
been provided to each question.

Page 2 of 173
Instructions for Trainers/Assessors:

 The following forms the basis of specific evidence that you need to collect from students for assessment
in this assessment task.
 The task and specific assessment requirements that are provided to students are also outlined.
 Refer to all the red, bold, and italic text for a guide to suggested answers for assessments and for
instructions on how to use the assessment tools.
 Ensure all outlined conditions of assessment requirements are met.
 For each assessment task a Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) form is to be completed. This is
located at the end of each assessment task.
 This Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) allows the Trainer/Assessor to record the following items
correctly:
o Outcome of the assessment task as either Satisfactory (S) or Not Satisfactory (NS).
o Feedback to candidate
o Student declaration
o Trainer/Assessor declaration
 The Trainer/Assessor and the student must sign the Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) to show that
the student was provided with the task outcome.
 Once all assessment tasks allocated to this Unit of Competency have been undertaken, an Assessment
plan is to be completed to record the unit outcome. The outcome will be either Competent (C) or Not Yet
Competent (NYC).
 The “Assessment Plan” is available with the Unit Assessment Pack (UAP) – Cover Sheet.
 Each “Assessment Plan” should be referred to note the Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) outcome
as Satisfactory (S) or Not Satisfactory (NS), and this information then transferred to the final result in the
“Assessment Plan” as Competent (C) or Not Yet Competent (NYC).
 If all assessment tasks are deemed Satisfactory (S), then the unit outcome is Competent (C).
 If at least one of the assessment tasks is deemed Not Satisfactory (NS), then the unit outcome is Not Yet
Competent (NYC).

Page 3 of 173
 1 What legislation is required to prepare detailed design of civil concrete structures?

Various laws and standards must be followed in order to create precise designs for civil concrete
constructions. To guarantee structural safety, it is essential to follow regional building codes (like
the IBC and NCC) and concrete design guidelines (like ACI 318 and Euro code 2).
Environmentalrules reduce ecological damage, whereas health and safety requirements, like
OSHA or WHS, safeguard workers during construction. While quality management standards
like ISO 9001 assure consistency and dependability in construction operations, accessibility
requirements like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ensure that designs are inclusive.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of

2 civil concrete structures, including those relating to Australian and other relevant
Standards?
To ensure compliance with Australian and other relevant standards, detailed designs for civil
concrete structures require a variety of policies, procedures, and documentation. Key features
include:

Design Standards and Codes: Adhere to AS 3600, AS 1170, and AS/NZS 4671 for
strength and stability.

Safety Policies: Follow OHS/WHS policies to assess risks and ensure safe practices.
Environmental Procedures: Complete impact assessments and plans per EPBC Act

requirements.

Project Documentation: Prepare detailed drawings, specifications, and load

calculations.

Quality Assurance: Conduct inspections and maintain quality control documentation.

Compliance Documents: Obtain certifications and approval from regulatory

authorities. These elements ensure designs are safe, compliant, and environmentally
sound.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 4 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
3
civil concrete structures, including those relating to cultural and heritage management?
Key regulations, methods, and documentation for designing civil concrete structures are:

Design Standards: For structural safety, use AS 3600, AS 1170, and so on.

Cultural Heritage Policies: Comply with heritage regulations and contact with

appropriate authorities.

Impact Assessments: Perform assessments to safeguard cultural places and values.

Project Documentation: Include complete plans, specifications, and heritage

considerations.

Compliance Documents: Obtain permits and certifications from heritage and

environmental organizations.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
4
civil concrete structures, including those relating to design approvals and review?

 Follow standards like AS 3600 for concrete structures to ensure design safety.

 Comply with local authority regulations for obtaining design approval.

 Implement internal and external review processes to validate design accuracy and compliance.

 Produce comprehensive drawings, specifications, and design calculations to support the design.

 Obtain necessary permits, certifications, and approval records to confirm that all regulatory
requirements are met.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 5 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
5
civil concrete structures, including those relating to engineering surveys?
To prepare detailed designs for civil concrete structures, the following key policies, procedures, and
documentation related to engineering surveys are essential:

Survey Standards: Comply with AS 5488 and AS 2870 for accurate data collection.

Survey Procedures: Follow systematic methods for topographic, boundary, and geotechnical surveys.

Documentation: Maintain detailed records of survey data, including maps and reports.

Geotechnical Reports: Include soil investigation reports detailing soil properties and bearing capacity.

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure surveys meet local regulations and obtain necessary permits.

Quality Assurance: Implement quality control measures to validate survey accuracy.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of

6
civil concrete structures, including those relating to environmental protection?

Environmental Standards: Comply with the Environmental Protection Act and relevant Australian
Standards.

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA): Conduct EIAs to identify impacts and propose mitigation
measures.

Sustainability Policies: Implement practices that promote eco-friendly materials and waste reduction.

Documentation: Maintain records of assessments, mitigation plans, and sustainability reports.

Permits and Approvals: Secure necessary environmental permits from local authorities.

Monitoring Procedures: Establish ongoing monitoring and compliance reporting throughout the project.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 6 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
7
civil concrete structures, including those relating to equipment safety requirements?
Safety Standards: Comply with AS/NZS 4801 for occupational health and safety.

Equipment Safety Policies: Implement policies for safe equipment use and maintenance.

Risk Assessments: Conduct assessments to identify equipment-related hazards.

Documentation: Keep records of safety procedures, inspections, and maintenance.

Training Procedures: Develop training programs for safe equipment operation.

Compliance Checks: Perform regular safety audits to ensure adherence to standards.

These elements help maintain a safe working environment and ensure compliance with safety
requirements.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of

8
civil concrete structures, including those relating to geotechnical management?
Geotechnical Standards: Comply with standards like AS 2870 for foundations.

Site Investigations: Conduct geotechnical investigations to assess soil properties and bearing capacity.

Geotechnical Reports: Prepare reports summarizing findings and design recommendations.

Documentation: Maintain records of investigation data and test results.

Risk Management: Implement procedures to identify and mitigate geotechnical risks.

Monitoring: Establish protocols for monitoring soil behavior during construction.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 7 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
9 civil concrete structures, including those relating to hydrological and meteorological
management?
Standards Compliance: Adhere to guidelines like Australian Rainfall and Runoff (AR&R) for stormwater
design.

Site Assessments: Evaluate local hydrology, drainage patterns, and meteorological data.

Hydrological Reports: Document water flow, flood risk, and drainage solutions with design
recommendations.

Documentation: Maintain records of studies, rainfall data, and floodplain mapping.

Risk Management: Identify and mitigate hydrological and meteorological risks throughout the project.

Monitoring Plans: Establish ongoing monitoring for drainage systems and hydrological conditions.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of

10
civil concrete structures, including those relating to incident and emergency response?
Emergency Standards: Adhere to regulations like AS 3745 for emergency planning in facilities.

Risk Assessments: Identify potential hazards and develop response strategies for incidents.

Emergency Plans: Create response plans detailing evacuation and communication procedures.

Documentation: Keep records of risk assessments, emergency plans, and training sessions.

Training Programs: Train personnel on emergency protocols and response measures.

Monitoring: Establish procedures for regular reviews and drills to ensure preparedness.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 8 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
11
civil concrete structures, including those relating to performance reviews?
Performance Standards: Comply with relevant standards, such as AS 3600 for concrete structures.

Design Reviews: Implement processes to systematically evaluate structural integrity and compliance.

Documentation: Keep records of design calculations, assumptions, and review outcomes for
accountability.

Quality Assurance: Establish measures to ensure materials and construction meet performance criteria.

Feedback Procedures: Gather stakeholder feedback to adjust designs based on performance

evaluations.

Monitoring Plans: Develop plans for ongoing monitoring of structural performance post-construction.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
12
civil concrete structures, including those relating to quality management?
Comply with standards like ISO 9001 for quality management in construction.

Implement procedures for design verification through peer reviews and audits.

Maintain records of design calculations, quality control measures, and changes for traceability.

Define quality requirements for construction materials to ensure performance.

Develop plans for inspecting materials and structures to verify quality standards.

Establish processes for evaluating outcomes and integrating lessons learned into future designs.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 9 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
13
civil concrete structures, including those relating to risk assessment and management?
Risk Assessment Procedures: Implement processes for identifying and evaluating potential design and
construction risks.

Risk Management Plans: Develop strategies for mitigating identified risks, including contingency
measures.

Documentation: Keep detailed records of risk assessments, decisions, and actions taken throughout the
project.

Regulatory Compliance: Adhere to relevant standards, such as AS/NZS 4360 for risk management.

Stakeholder Involvement: Engage stakeholders to enhance risk management strategies.

Review and Monitoring: Establish procedures for regularly updating risk assessments based on project
changes.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
14
civil concrete structures, including those relating to statutory compliance?
Regulatory Standards: Follow all applicable building regulations and standards, including the National
Construction Code (NCC) and AS 3600 for concrete structures.

Compliance Procedures: Establish methods to ensure that designs meet all legal and regulatory
standards throughout the project's lifecycle.

Documentation: Keep full records of all compliance evaluations, approvals, and permits required by local
authorities.

Design evaluations: Conduct regular evaluations to ensure that designs meet regulatory requirements
and industry standards.

Stakeholder Consultation: Communicate with regulatory agencies and stakeholders to clarify compliance
requirements and gather feedback.

Audit and Reporting: Develop procedures for performing compliance audits and reporting to ensure
continuous statutory compliance.

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Comments

Page 10 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
15
civil concrete structures, including those relating to system close outs?
 Create methodical closeout processes for finishing design components, such as final approvals and
reviews.

 Assemble and complete all pertinent papers, including material specifications, design calculations,
and as-built drawings.

 Prior to closeout, conduct quality control inspections to ensure adherence to established standards.

 To ensure that all requirements have been fulfilled, get the required approvals from clients and
regulatory agencies, among other stakeholders.

 To help guide future initiatives, document the knowledge and lessons gained during the design
process.

 Write a closeout report outlining the project's results, requirements compliance, and any unresolved
problems or warranties.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
16
civil concrete structures, including those relating to work health and safety?
 Create thorough work health and safety (WHS) policies that spell out the dedication to safety during
the planning and building phases.

 To find possible risks connected to the design and construction processes, conduct risk
assessments.

 Put in place processes for creating and disseminating safety plans, including project-specific safe
work method statements (SWMS).

 Make sure that the design complies with all applicable safety standards and laws, including AS
4801 for occupational health and safety management.

 Make sure all project participants understand safety regulations and procedures by documenting
their safety training and induction programs.

 To guarantee continued compliance and enhance safety procedures, keep track of safety audit,
inspection, and incident report records.

 Encourage a culture of safety throughout the project by interacting with stakeholders to talk about
safety issues and solutions.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 11 of 173
 What policies, procedures and documentation required to prepare detailed design of
17
civil concrete structures, including those relating to workplace recording and reporting?
 Implement policies for accurate and timely recording of workplace activities, including design
processes and construction milestones.

 Establish procedures for maintaining records of design changes, material specifications, and
compliance with standards.

 Develop protocols for reporting project progress, including daily logs, incident reports, and meeting
minutes.

 Ensure records are organized and accessible for stakeholders and regulatory authorities.

 Document lessons learned and best practices to enhance future projects.

 Maintain compliance with relevant legislation regarding workplace recording and reporting.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What types, characteristics, technical capabilities and limitations of materials, plant and
18
equipment are required for civil concrete structures design and construction?
Concrete: High compressive strength and durability; molds into shapes and is load-bearing, but has low
tensile strength and is prone to cracking.

Steel Reinforcement: High tensile strength and ductility enhance concrete's tensile capacity; however, it
risks corrosion and requires good bonding.

Aggregates: Varying sizes impact strength, improving stability, but quality affects concrete performance.

Admixtures: Chemical additives modify workability and curing; improper use can harm quality.

Concrete Mixers: Available in various capacities, ensuring uniform mixing but requiring maintenance and
can have mobility issues.

Concrete Pumps: Include boom or line designs that place concrete in hard-to-reach areas but need skilled
operators and can be affected by viscosity.

Formwork: Temporary structures providing shape and finish; costly and needs precise assembly.

Cranes: Various types that lift heavy materials and aid in placing precast elements, but are space-intensive
and weather-dependent.

Compactors: Includes plate and vibratory types that stabilize foundations; over-compaction can damage
soil.
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Comments

Page 12 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
19 structures, including: techniques for evaluating potential site hazards, constraints and
conditions techniques for identifying and evaluating design options?
Site Hazard Evaluation:
 Conduct a site assessment to identify hazards like unstable soil and flooding.
 Perform geotechnical investigations to understand soil properties.
 Analyze historical data for past issues such as erosion or landslides.
 Consider environmental factors like proximity to fault lines.

Constraints Identification:
 Review zoning regulations and land use policies.
 Assess existing infrastructure and utilities.
 Consider environmental regulations impacting construction.

Design Options Evaluation:

 Use performance-based criteria to compare design alternatives.
 Conduct life cycle assessments for cost and sustainability analysis.
 Engage stakeholders for input on design preferences.
 Utilize CAD tools for visualizing options and simulating performance.

Risk Assessment:
 Implement risk management strategies to identify potential failure modes.
 Use hazard identification workshops to evaluate issues.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
20 structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating loads?
Data Collection:
 Gather site information, including soil reports and environmental data.

Load Calculation:
 Calculate dead loads from materials and components.
 Determine live loads based on usage and building codes.
 Assess environmental loads like wind and seismic effects.

Structural Analysis:
 Use software tools for complex calculations and hand calculations for simpler designs.

Safety Factors:
 Include safety margins to cover uncertainties in materials and loads.

Design Optimization:
 Compare design options to find the most cost-effective and efficient solution.

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Comments

Page 13 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
21
structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating shear forces?
Gather Data:
 Collect information on site conditions, loads, and environmental factors.

Calculate Loads and Shear Forces:

 Determine dead, live, and environmental loads.
 Use shear force diagrams to find critical shear points.

Analyze Structure:
 Use software for shear analysis; confirm with manual calculations.

Design Elements:
 Select appropriate materials and sizes to handle shear forces.
 Include shear reinforcement where necessary.

Check Safety:
 Verify compliance with relevant codes and safety standards.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
22
structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating bending moments?
Data Collection: Gather material properties and load conditions.

Load Calculation: Determine dead, live, and environmental loads.

Bending Moment Calculation: Use diagrams and formulas or software to find bending moments at critical
points.

Structural Analysis: Perform static and dynamic analysis; validate with hand calculations.

Design Considerations: Choose concrete grades and reinforcement based on bending moment
calculations.

Compliance Check: Ensure design meets building codes and safety standards.

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Comments

Page 14 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
23
structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating stresses?

 Gather information on materials and loads.

 Calculate dead, live, and environmental loads on the structure.

 Use formulas to find stresses (compressive, tensile, shear) in concrete and reinforcement.

 Check how loads impact the structure with static and dynamic analyses.

 Choose suitable concrete and reinforcement based on stress results. Ensure the design meets
building codes and safety standards.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
24
structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating areas?
Data collection: Compile precise measurements of the structural elements, such as the heights, widths,
and lengths of the beams, slabs, and columns.

Area Calculations: Apply geometric formulas to compute areas. For example, for rectangular slabs,
multiply length by width; for circular columns, use the formula 𝐴=𝜋𝑟2

Considerations for Load: Verify that the computed areas can sustain the required loads. This involves
taking into consideration both live (temporary/dynamic) and dead (permanent/static) loads.

Design Compliance: To guarantee structural integrity and safety, confirm that the computed areas comply
with applicable building codes and design standards.

Documentation: Keep track of all computations and design choices, along with any presumptions made
throughout the study. This documentation is used as a guide for future evaluations and building.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 15 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
25
structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating volumes?
 Gather dimensions (length, width, height) of structural components.

 Use formulas:
Volume=length×width×height
Volume=𝜋𝑟2ℎ

For complex shapes, break them into simpler forms and sum their volumes.

 Account for dead and live loads affecting the structure.

 Consider the density of materials to calculate total weight.

 Ensure calculations meet local building codes and safety standards.

 Record all calculations and methodologies for future reference.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
26
structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating mass?
Gather Data: Collect dimensions and density of materials, such as concrete.

Calculate Volume: Use geometric formulas to find the volume of each component.

Determine Mass: Use the formula:

Mass=Volume×Density

Consider Loads: Include mass in load calculations for structural integrity.

Ensure Compliance: Follow local codes and standards for safety.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
27 structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating sizes of
components for civil concrete structures?

 Load Calculation
 Structural Analysis
 Design Optimization
 Safety Factor Application
 Material Selection
 Code Compliance
 Prototyping and Modeling
 Iterative Design Process
 Performance Evaluation

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 16 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
28 structures, including data analysis techniques, including calculating geometric
requirements for civil concrete structures?
Define Design Criteria: Set requirements for dimensions and shape based on function and regulations.

Geometric Analysis: Assess spatial relationships to optimize layout and space use.

Load Analysis: Calculate loads to ensure the structure can safely support them.

Proportioning Techniques: Use ratios to define relationships between structural elements.

Modeling: Use 3D software to visualize and refine designs.

Iteration: Continuously adjust dimensions based on feedback and analysis.

Documentation: Create clear drawings and specifications with all geometric details.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
29
structures, including data analysis techniques, including cost estimation techniques?
Define Scope: Outline project requirements and specifications.

Quantity Takeoff: List all materials, labor, and equipment needed.

Unit Cost Estimation: Assign costs to each item based on market rates.

Resource Allocation: Optimize material and labor procurement to reduce delays.

Contingency Planning: Include extra funds for unexpected costs.

Value Engineering: Find cost-effective alternatives without sacrificing quality.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: Compare long-term benefits against costs for informed decisions.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 17 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
30
structures, including data analysis techniques, including requirements of a design plan?
Design Objectives: Define the project's goals, including functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability.

Site Analysis: Assess site conditions, including soil properties, environmental impact, and existing
structures.

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure adherence to relevant building codes and standards.

Load Assessment: Calculate expected loads, including dead, live, wind, and seismic forces.

Material Selection: Choose appropriate materials based on strength, durability, and cost.

Design Models: Utilize software tools for structural modeling and analysis.

Construction Techniques: Consider practical methods for construction and assembly.

Documentation: Prepare detailed drawings, specifications, and reports for approval and construction.

Review and Revise: Conduct peer reviews and revise designs based on feedback.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
31 structures, including data analysis techniques, including design review and validation
techniques?
Define Objectives: Set clear project goals and requirements.

Collect Data: Gather information on site conditions and material properties.

Model Design: Use software to create structural models.

Analyze Performance: Apply methods like finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate the structure.

Conduct Reviews: Regularly review the design with a team to ensure it meets requirements.

Validate Assumptions: Test or compare with existing structures to confirm design reliability.

Document Everything: Keep detailed records of the design process and decisions.

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Comments

Page 18 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
32 structures, including data analysis techniques, including performance review
techniques?
Set Performance Goals: Define what success looks like.

Gather Data: Collect information on materials and loads.

Analyze Structure: Use methods or software to check how the structure will behave.

Monitor Key Metrics: Track important performance indicators.

Review Designs: Continuously refine designs based on team feedback.

Test Validity: Validate through simulations or physical tests.

Document Everything: Keep clear records of analysis and changes.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
33 structures, including data analysis techniques, including techniques for using software
and technology to develop and present designs?
Select Software: Use appropriate design tools like AutoCAD or Revit for the project needs.

3D Modeling: Create accurate 3D models for better visualization and design iteration.

Data Input: Input material properties and loads to analyze structural behavior.

Simulation: Use simulation tools to optimize designs for safety and efficiency.

Collaboration: Utilize cloud platforms for real-time collaboration among stakeholders.

Visualization: Present designs with rendering and animations for effective communication.

Automated Documentation: Generate construction documents directly from the software to ensure
accuracy.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 19 of 173
 What are the principles and techniques for preparing detailed design of civil concrete
34 structures, including data analysis techniques, including techniques for advising on
design implementation?
Compliance: Adhere to relevant codes and standards.

Optimization: Use data-driven analysis to select efficient design options.

Material Selection: Choose appropriate materials for structural and environmental needs.

Construction Methods: Recommend effective construction techniques.

Risk Assessment: Evaluate and mitigate potential risks.

Stakeholder Engagement: Communicate with clients and contractors for alignment.

Quality Control: Monitor construction to ensure adherence to specifications.

Feedback Loop: Incorporate construction feedback into future designs.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What are the principles and techniques for leading and coordinating teams in civil
35
concrete structure design?
Clear Communication: Maintain open communication for project goals and timelines.

Defined Roles: Assign specific roles to utilize strengths and ensure accountability.

Collaboration: Encourage teamwork for sharing ideas and problem-solving.

Project Management: Use tools to track progress and manage resources.

Conflict Resolution: Address issues promptly to maintain focus.

Continuous Learning: Foster a culture of improvement and sharing best practices.

Stakeholder Engagement: Involve stakeholders for valuable insights and needs alignment.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 20 of 173
 What are the steps involved in preparing detailed designs of civil concrete bridge
36
structures?

 Site Assessment

 Preliminary Design

 Load Analysis

 Structural Analysis

 Detailed Design

 Material Selection

 Compliance

 Construction Documentation

 Quality Control

 Final Review

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

What are the general steps and principles that are typically followed in the design
37
process of a concrete bridge structure?
Define Objectives: Set project goals and requirements.

Site Investigation: Assess site conditions and soil properties.

Preliminary Design: Create initial design concepts.

Load Assessment: Calculate all necessary loads.

Structural Analysis: Analyze bridge performance under loads.

Detailed Design: Produce detailed drawings and specifications.

Material Selection: Choose suitable materials.

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure adherence to codes and regulations.

Construction Planning: Plan construction methods and safety measures.

Review and Finalization: Finalize designs through stakeholder reviews.

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Comments

Page 21 of 173
 8 What are the factors to consider when preparing a cost estimate for bridge?
Design Complexity: Affects labor and materials.

Materials: Type and quality impact costs.

Site Conditions: Geotechnical factors influence foundations.

Labor Costs: Vary by skill level and location.

Construction Methods: Affect efficiency and expenses.

Regulatory Compliance: Permits and standards add costs.

Project Duration: Longer projects incur higher overhead.

Contingencies: Budget for unexpected expenses.

Maintenance Costs: Consider future upkeep.

Location: Impacts logistics and pricing.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

 3 What are the steps in preparing a cost estimate for a concrete bridge?
9

 Define Project Scope

 Site Assessment

 Design Development

 Material Quantification

 Labor Estimation

 Equipment Costs

 Overhead and Profit

 Contingency Allowance

 Review and Adjust

 Final Documentation

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 22 of 173
 40 What information would a soil report class S in Australia typically include?
A soil report classified as Class S (Shallow Soil) in Australia typically includes the following information:

Soil Profile: Description of layers, texture, and moisture.

Groundwater: Depth and fluctuations of the water table.

Soil Strength: Shear strength and bearing capacity.

Settlement Analysis: Predictions of potential settlement.

Soil Classification: Based on Australian standards.

Recommendations: For foundation types and construction practices.

Testing Methods: Used for data collection.

Site Conditions: General observations and potential hazards.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments
What what are the steps to calculate the load of a concrete bridge design? Use the
41 following as an example:
a concrete bridge design 8 metres in length and 4.2 metres wide.

To calculate the load of a concrete bridge (8 meters long and 4.2 meters wide), follow these steps:

Dead Load: Calculate the weight of the concrete.

Volume = Length × Width × Depth (assume depth, e.g., 0.3 m).

Weight = Volume × Density (24 kN/m³ for concrete).
Live Load: Determine anticipated traffic load using design codes (e.g., AS 5100).

Other Loads: Include impact, wind, and snow loads as necessary.

Combine Loads: Total Load = Dead Load + Live Load + Other Loads.

Factor Loads: Apply safety factors per relevant standards.

Load per Area: Divide total load by bridge area for load per square meter.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 23 of 173
 Give the formulas for calculating the following:
• Loads
• Shear forces
• Bending moments
42 • Stresses
• Areas
• Volumes
• Mass
• Sizes of components for civil concrete structure

 Loads
𝑊=𝑊𝑑+𝑊𝑙+𝑊𝑜

 Shear Forces
𝑉=𝑑𝑀/𝑑𝑥

 Bending Moments
𝑀=𝑤𝐿2/8

 Stresses
𝜎=𝑀/𝑆
𝜏=𝑉/𝐴

 Areas
𝐴=𝑏×ℎ

 Volumes
𝑉=𝑏×ℎ×𝑑

 Mass
𝑚=𝑉×𝜌

 Sizes of Components
𝑑=𝐿/12 to 𝐿/16

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

Page 24 of 173
 43 What information would a specification report for a concrete bridge typically include?
Project Overview: Purpose and scope.

Design Criteria: Load specifications.

Materials Specifications: Concrete and steel grades.

Construction Methods: Techniques and processes.

Geotechnical Information: Soil and site conditions.

Dimensions and Geometry: Key measurements.

Performance Requirements: Service life and durability.

Quality Assurance: Inspection and testing guidelines.

Safety and Environmental Considerations: Safety measures and impact assessments.

Project Schedule: Construction timeline.

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

END OF WRITTEN ASSESSMENT

Before you hand in your assessment, make sure that you:

1. Have you re-checked your answers to make sure you are happy with your responses?
2. Have written/type your Name, Date Completed on the front page?
3. Have you completed the student declaration section below?

Student Name
Student Declaration: : I declare that the work
submitted is my own and has not been copied or Student Signature
plagiarised from any person or source.
Date

ASSESSOR USE ONLY

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments

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Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have Assessor Name
conducted a fair, valid, reliable and flexible
Assessor Signature
assessment with this student, and I have provided
appropriate feedback. Date

Administrative use only

Entered onto Student Management Database Date Initial

Page 26 of 173
 Assessment 2 – Project Task
Student Information
Purpose

The pre-assessment checklist helps students determine if they are ready for assessment. The Trainer/Assessor
must review the checklist with the student before the student attempts the assessment task. If any items of the
checklist are incomplete or not clear to the student, the Trainer/Assessor must provide relevant information to the
student to ensure they understand the requirements of the assessment task. The student must ensure they are
ready for the assessment task before undertaking it.

Section 1:
Information for Trainers/Assessors

 Please make sure the student has completed the necessary prior learning before attempting this
assessment.
 Please make sure you as a Trainer/Assessor have clearly explained the assessment process and tasks to
be completed.
 Please make sure the student understands what evidence is required to be collected and how.
 Please make sure the student knows their rights and the complaints and appeal process.
 Please make sure the student has discussed any special needs or reasonable adjustments to be
considered during the assessment (refer to the Reasonable Adjustments Strategy Matrix).
 Please make sure the student has access to a computer and the internet (if they prefer to type the
answers).
 Please ensure that your student must have all the required resources needed to complete this Unit
Assessment Task (UAT). (Refer to Training and assessment resources for more information).
 Due date of this assessment task is according to the timetable.
 In exceptional (compelling and compassionate) circumstances, an extension to submit an assessment
can be granted by the Trainer/Assessor.
 Evidence of the compelling and compassionate circumstances must be provided together with the request
for extension to submit the assessment work.
 Request for an extension to submit assessment work must be made before the due date of this
assessment task.

Assessment task instructions

 The student is required to complete the all tasks.

 The student is required to provide
 All the activities are timed.
 Student must complete all the activities of this assessment task.

Instructions for Trainers/Assessors:

 The following forms are the basis of specific evidence that you need to collect from students for
assessment in this assessment task.
 The task and specific assessment requirements that are provided to students are also outlined.
 Refer to all the red, bold, and italic text for a guide to suggested answers for assessments and also for
instructions on how to use the assessment tools.
 Ensure all outlined conditions of assessment requirements are met.
 For each assessment task a Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) form is to be completed. This is
located at the end of each assessment task.

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 This Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) allows the Trainer/Assessor to record the following items
correctly:
 Outcome of the assessment task as either Satisfactory (S) or Not Satisfactory (NS).
 Feedback to candidate
 Student declaration
 Trainer/Assessor declaration
 The Trainer/Assessor and the student must sign the Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) to show that
the student was provided with the task outcome.
 The mapping document should be referred to identify what aspects of the Unit of Competency are being
addressed by each assessment task.
 Once all assessment tasks allocated to this Unit of Competency have been undertaken, an Assessment
plan is to be completed to record the unit outcome. The outcome will be either Competent (C) or Not Yet
Competent (NYC).
 The “Assessment Plan” is available with the Unit Assessment Pack (UAP) – Cover Sheet.
 Each “Assessment Plan” should be referred to note the Unit Assessment Result Sheet (UARS) outcome as
Satisfactory (S) or Not Satisfactory (NS), and this information then transferred to the final result in the
“Assessment Plan” as Competent (C) or Not Yet Competent (NYC).
 If all assessment tasks are deemed Satisfactory (S), then the unit outcome is Competent (C).
 If at least one of the assessment tasks is deemed Not Satisfactory (NS), then the unit outcome is Not Yet
Competent (NYC).

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 Assessment 2 – Project Task 1 Soil Report
Student Information
Your task.

Investigate and analyse the site (i.e., 103 -105 Redfern Street, Redfern) using the site investigation report
(Appendix A and B). You must identify and document the site features and available services to plan the site
preparation. This includes identifying the following:
 Access
 Batter/gradient
 Earthworks and/or cut and fill
 Existing services
 Interpretation of topographical features
 Orientation
 Platforms
 Retaining walls
 Soil classification
 Stormwater
 Surface and subsoil drainage
 Termite risk management
 Trenches
From the soil engineer's report (Appendix A and B), you must identify and determine if the appropriate foundation is
used for the site. Specify the footing system and document any variations that could exist if the design is changed.
The footing systems include:
 Bored piers
 Dewatering
 Driven piles
 Ground stabilization
 Pad and pedestal footings
 Pier and beam
 Raft slabs
 Retaining walls
 Tanking
Identify and document any environmental issues that may impact the site according to regulatory requirements.
How can this be controlled?

Resources required

The workplace will provide you with the following resources:

 Geotechnical Report
 Appendix A – Results of Field Work
 Appendix B – Drawing 1 (Location of Tests), Drawing 2 (Geological Cross Section A-A’)

You will be required to complete.

You must complete this activity. Your trainer will provide feedback during this task and complete the performance
checklist.

Timeframe

You will be required to complete the activity in the timeframe decided by the company/trainer.

Page 29 of 173
 Soil Report - Answer
Redfern Street 103-105 Soil Report

1. Introduction:

The results of the soil examination carried out at the address 103-105 Redfern Street, Redfern, NSW,
Australia, are presented in this report. This investigation's goals are to evaluate the soil's characteristics
and offer suggestions for the proposed construction's foundation design.

2. Overview of Site Investigation

The investigation began on August 15, 2024.

Performed by: ABC Geotechnical Engineers Staff: Field Technician Jane Smith; Geotechnical Engineer
John Doe

3. Features of the Site

Redfern Street provides access to the site, and there is enough room for construction vehicles.
Batter/Gradient: There is a mild 5% southward slope to the location.
Earthworks: According to preliminary estimates, in order to attain the required grades, some 250 cubic
meters of earth will need to be cut and filled.

Current Services:
 The water main runs along the eastern edge and is 1.5 meters below the surface.
 Overhead power cables that run parallel to the southern border provide electricity.
 Sewer: Two meters from the western side of the land is a sewer pipe.
 Topographical Features: There are a few low-lying spots on the otherwise level land.
 Orientation: To maximize solar exposure, the location faces north.

4. Soil Classification
Soil Types Identified:
Topsoil: 0.2 m deep, silty loam.
Clayey Sand: 1.5 m deep, characterized by a blend of fine sand and clay, with a liquid limit of 30% and a
plastic limit of 18%.
Clay: 2.0 m deep, with a plasticity index of 20%

5. Foundation Analysis
Based on the soil conditions observed, the following foundation systems are recommended:

Bored Piers:

 Depth: 3.0 meters below the ground surface.

 Diameter: 600 mm.
 Load-bearing capacity estimated at 150 kPa.

Dewatering:

 The level of groundwater was measured 2.5 meters below the surface. During construction,
dewatering will be required.
 Piles that are driven:

In clay-containing locations, driven concrete piles (300 mm in diameter) can be used as an alternative;
however, they must be lowered at least 3.5 meters to provide sufficient load-bearing capability.

Stabilization of the Ground:

 If required, take into account soil improvement methods such compaction grouting.
Footings for pads and pedestals:
 It is appropriate for lower structural loads and has dimensions of 1.2 m x 1.2 m with a pedestal
height of 0.5 m.

Slabs of Raft:
 It is advised to reduce differential settlement problems if extensive sections of the structure are
planned.Stormwater Management

6. Stormwater Management

Surface Drainage:
A surface drainage system is required to redirect stormwater away from the foundation areas.

Subsoil Drainage:
Installation of perimeter drainage to manage groundwater infiltration, especially during heavy rains.

7. Environmental Considerations

Potential Issues:
Minor contamination risk from historical industrial use. Soil tests for heavy metals and hydrocarbons are
recommended.

Mitigation Strategies:
Implement erosion control measures during construction and consider soil remediation if contamination
levels exceed acceptable limits.

Termite Risk Management:

Recommend installation of physical barriers and chemical treatments around the foundation areas to
manage termite risk.

8. Conclusion:

For the planned building, the soil conditions at 103-105 Redfern Street are generally favorable. Because of
the groundwater conditions and clay layers, bored piers or driven piles are advised for the foundation
system. To guarantee the integrity of the building and the surrounding area, proper stormwater
management and environmental mitigation techniques should be implemented.

9. Appendices

Appendix A: Results of Field Work

Soil samples analyzed for grain size distribution and Atterberg limits.

Appendix B: Drawings
Drawing 1: Location of Tests
Drawing 2: Geological Cross Section A-A’

Resources Required
 Geotechnical Report: Comprehensive analysis of soil properties.
 Field Investigation Equipment: Standard drilling and sampling tools used during the investigation.

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 Performance Criteria/Assessor Checklist: Task 1 Soil Report
Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Did the student Investigate and analyse the given site investigation report
Yes No
(103 -105 Redfern Street, Redfern – Appendix A and B)

Did the student identify the following

 Access Yes No

 Batter/gradient Yes No

 Earthworks and/or cut and fill Yes No

 Existing services Yes No

 Interpretation of topographical features Yes No

 Orientation Yes No

 Platforms Yes No

 Retaining walls Yes No

 Soil classification Yes No

 Stormwater Yes No

From the soil report, did the student identify and determine if the appropriate
Yes No
foundation is being used for the site.
Did the student Specify the footing system and document any variations that
Yes No
could exist if the design is changed. The footing systems include:

 Bored piers Yes No

 Dewatering Yes No

 Driven piles Yes No

 Ground stabilization Yes No

 Pad and pedestal footings Yes No

 Pier and beam Yes No

 Raft slabs Yes No

 Retaining walls Yes No

 Tanking Yes No

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Did the student access, interpret and apply documentation required for
detailed civil concrete structures design and confirm work activity is Yes No
compliant.
Did the student identify and confirm the geotechnical works project
Yes No
requirements and information.
Did the student interpret and analyse design options for civil concrete
Yes No
structures and recommend design option according to job requirements.
Did the student complete the required documentation for the design of civil
Yes No
concrete structures according to workplace requirements.
Did the student locate and apply relevant legislation, documentation, policies
Yes No
and procedures.

Did the student access and interpret the following:

 Plans Yes No

 Drawings Yes No

 Specifications Yes No

 Design briefs Yes No

 Australian and other appropriate standards Yes No

 Hydrological, meteorlogical and cultural heritage data Yes No

 Geotechnical works selection data Yes No

Did the student comply with written and verbal reporting requirements and
Yes No
procedures.

Did the student select and apply appropriate construction techniques. Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data to recommend options. Yes No

Did the student complete the task within the expected time frame. Yes No

Comments

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Student Name
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date

Assessor Name
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable, and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date

Page 38 of 173
 Assessment 3 – Project Task Field Trip
Student Information
Your task.

Field Trip

You will be required to perform a field trip with your fellow students in a group of 4. In the field, several levelling
tasks will be undertaken, as listed below. You are to follow the guidelines below and record and submit the data.
Include all sketches and calculations with your assessment. Follow the instructions given and consult your trainer
when you have a query. Ensure you communicate clearly and concisely with your colleagues when clarifying
instructions and coordinating the work.

Aim:

To obtain a practical understanding of the leveling procedure, the use of the dumpy level and associated equipment
and the recording and reduction of data

Introduction:

The field excursion has three parts:

A a leveling assignment
B measurement by tape to locate various physical features
C ‘hands on’ use of various ancillary-equipment and a small survey exercise

Section A:

A1 Equipment required:
1 Dumpy level and tripod
1 five metre staff and pill bubble
Marking chalk (for change points etc)
Field book
A2 Personnel
3 or 4 students will operate as a team:
1 with dumpy level
1 with staff
1 with field book
4th student to act as observer
(Students will rotate responsibilities as directed)
A3 Site
The triangle bounded by Exhibition, Victoria and Latrobe Streets
Refer to sketch plan provided
A6 Point ‘A’, ‘C’ and ‘E’ must be used as a change points
A7 Each combination of operations are to complete a side of the triangle each
A8 Close the level survey back to the PM and perform a field check before leaving the site
A9 Photocopy the field book sheets. Each student to reduce the whole assignment independently
A10 Photocopy the field book and submit the following:-
a) Original field sheets (or photocopy) showing all reductions
b) Tabular presentation of all results (in order)
e.g. Point RL Description
PM 31.412 Permanent Marker
A 33.333 Manhole cover

WARNING: BEWARE OF OVERHEAD POWERLINES AND PASSING TRAFFIC & PEDESTRIANS

Page 39 of 173
Section B:

B1 Equipment Required: 20-

30 metre box tape
Offset tape
Marking chalk
Clinometer
Fieldbook
B2 Personnel
3 or 4 students will operate as a team. Responsibilities will be shared and all should take part in the
decision making. Students will rotate responsibilities as directed.
B3 The bearing between the three corners will be supplied
B4 Measure the lengths of the sides of the triangle
M-K K-L L-M
B5 Read the slopes of the natural surface for each side using the clinometers (read from each end and mean
the observations)
B6 At each corner measure the features leveled in the other section using the ‘tape only’ method
B7 At each corner measure the offsets to locate the invert of the kerbing. Locate the tangent points &/or centre
of curve to enable the kerb to be plotted accurately later.
B8 Locate the three driveways by taping from the most convenient corner – also measure the width of the
driveway.
B9 Plot the figure, showing all features. Present the plan with Road names and other necessary details.

Section C:

C1 Abney Clinometer
Receive instructions on use of the clino – each student to read a slope as directed. Students will read slopes (in
both directions) for each leg of the triangle surveyed – to be used to reduce the slope distances to horizontal and
compare with reduction by Reduced Levels
C2 Optical square
Receive instructions on use of the Optical Square. Students will perform a small survey as instructed. Results to be
included with overall assignment
C3 Electronic distance measurement
Students will be shown some EDM equipment – both instrument attached and hand held
C4 Theodolite
Students will receive a demonstration of a theodolite and its uses. Students will have an opportunity to have a
‘hands on’ experience
C5 Compass & Plumb bob
Students will be shown various uses of compass and plumb bob

Page 40 of 173
Field Book Template

Name:

Project: Field Trip Date:

BS INT FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS

Resources Required

Your Trainer and Assessor will provide you with the following resources to complete this task:
 Access to learner guide and other learning materials.

Timeframe

Your Trainer/Assessor will assign you a timeframe to maintain commercially realistic speed, time, and productivity.

Page 41 of 173
Answer Activity 2:

Your task.

Field Book Template

Name:

Project: Field Trip Date:

BS INT FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS

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Page 43 of 173
Field Book Template

Name:

Project: Field Trip Date:

BS INT FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS

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You will be required to complete.

Your trainer will observe you while performing this task and complete the performance checklist.

Timeframe

You will be required to complete the massage as per the timeframe decided by the salon.

Page 59 of 173
 Performance Criteria/Assessor Checklist: Task 1 Field Trip
Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Did the student follow WHS requirements that include

 Checked equipment in good working order. Yes No

 Used PPE for the activity. Yes No

Did the student implement the requirements, procedures and techniques for
Yes No
the safe and effective completion of the activity.

Did the student use the equipment effectively and appropriately. Yes No

Did the student obtain, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements in the following documents

 Plans Yes No

 Drawings Yes No

 Specifications Yes No

 Design brief Yes No

Did the student access and interpret the engineering survey and geotechnical
Yes No
information.
Did the student communicate clearly and concisely with others to receive and
Yes No
clarify work instructions.
Did the student communicate clearly and concisely with others to coordinate
Yes No
work activities.

Did the student calculate

 Areas Yes No

 Grades Yes No

Did the student complete the following

 Field sheet template showing all reductions Yes No

 Tabled all the results in order Yes No

 Sketches and calculations. Yes No

Did the student use computer aided drafting design and drafting technology to complete a scaled drawing
of the Field Trip in a scale of 1:500 using CADD software, including

 A legend Yes No

 Points Yes No

 Reduced levels Yes No

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  Description Yes No

Did the student identify and confirm the geotechnical works project
Yes No
requirements and information.
Did the student monitor and coordinate the progress of other team members
Yes No
involved in the design process.

Did the student use industry or government standard design software. Yes No

Did the student complete the activity in the allotted time and submit
Yes No
drawings, calculations and completed field sheet

Comments

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Student Name
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date

Assessor Name
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable, and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date

Page 61 of 173
 Assessment 3 – Project Task Cut & Fill
Student Information
Your task.

Cut and Fill

Work out the cut and fill for the site below. Assume the level in the dashed lines is going to be at
-4.000m. Plot the contours at every metre drop (height). Show all calculations and sketches. Discover whether there
will be more filled required or more cut removed. Apply computer-aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting
technology to represent the site and the slope. All measurements are shown in metres (m) and millimetres (mm).

From the sketches given below and the drawings (Appendix D) provided use a CAD software and the given formula
below in sketch 1 to obtain the cut and fill of the given site.
Note: convert the given measurements in the sketches from mm to m.
1000mm = 1m
100mm – 0.1m
10mm = 0.01m
1mm = 0.001m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
G = H Width is 0.5m
A = bd/2 = 0.026 x 0.050/2 = 0.00065m2
B = bd = 1.000 x 0.090 = 0.050m2
C = bd/2 = 1.000 x 2.300/2 = 1.150m2
Total = 1.20065 x 0.500 = 0.60033m3 = 0.600m3
Therefore, Cut is 0.600m3
A = bd/2 = 2.800 x 1.000/2 = 1.400m2

Page 62 of 173
B = bd = 2.550 x 1.000 = 2.550m2
C = bd/2 = 2.550 x 1.000/2 = 1.275m2
G = bd = 0.200 x 1.000 = 0.200m2
H = bd = G = 0.200m2
I = bd/2 = 0.200 x 0.074/2 = 0.0074m2
Width is 0.5
Total = 5.6324 x 0.500 = 2.8162m3 = 2.816m3
Therefore, Fill is 2.816m3

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

Page 63 of 173
A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F = Fill
Width is 1.0m

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A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
Width is 1.0m

A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
Width is 1.0m

Page 65 of 173
A + B + C = Cut
D + E + F + G + H + I = Fill
Width is 0.5m
Use the following Cut and Fill Table to record your results.

Cut and Fill Table

Section Cut m3 Fill m3 Difference m3

10

11

12

13

14

15

Total

Resources Required

Your Trainer and Assessor will provide you with the following resources to complete this task:
 Access to learner guide and other learning materials.

You will be required to complete and/or attach.

Your trainer will observe you while performing this task and complete the performance checklist.

Timeframe

Your Trainer/Assessor will assign you a timeframe to maintain commercially realistic speed, time, and productivity.

Page 66 of 173
Answer

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Cut and Fill Table

Section Cut m3 Fill m3 Difference m3

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 6

10

11

12

13

14

15

Total

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 Performance Criteria/Assessor Checklist: Task 3 Cut & Fill
Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Did the student access and interpret the engineering survey and geotechnical
Yes No
information.

Did the student complete all calculations for cut and fill. Yes No

Did the student apply the appropriate construction technique and formulas
Yes No
for calculating the cut and fill.

Did the student calculate the following:

 Areas Yes No

 Volumes Yes No

Did the student apply computer-aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting
Yes No
techniology.

Did the student convert the measurements from mm to m. Yes No

Did the student complete sections and site plans for the samples (i.e. 1 to 15),
Yes No
including the contours and slope using CADD.

Did the student complete the cut-and-fill table. Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data and do the following:

 Identify viable options Yes No

 Make a recommendation for the preferred option. Yes No

Did the student complete the activity in the allotted time and submit all CADD
Yes No
drawings, calculations and cut-and-fill table completed.

Comments

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Student Name
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date

Assessor Name
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable, and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date

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 Assessment 4 – Project Task Geotechnical Design
Student Information
Your task.
Geotechnical Design

For the following Activity you are required to provide 2 geotechnical designs solutions for the foundation in Task 1
and Task 2. In the following tasks will you will be provided with the information and design of a Commercial Factory
on a given site. Use the information and data to provide to different geotechnical designs for the foundation of the
factory. You will be communicating with your Supervisor, colleagues and contractors throughout the work activities.
You will review your design with the Supervisor to obtain feedback with your design and make changes where
required.
Once you have completed you preliminary design you will be required to submit it to your Supervisor for approval.
At the close out of the task you will participate in a performance review with and independent expert, your
colleagues and Supervisor and obtain feedback and verification of the design work produced.

Task 1 (occasion 1)

Strip footings:
600d x 400w concrete with 4-12TM steel reinforcement top and bottom, 6 diameter ligatures at 750 centres,
minimum 40 cover over steel. Footings extended beneath portal columns minimum 250 beyond base plate on all
sides and with additional 12TM reinforcement provided in both directions below columns.

Floor:
Concrete slab 150mm thick reinforced with F82 steel mesh at top and bottom with 30 cover, set over moisture
membrane on 50 thick packing sand on compacted ground/fill, slab edge thickened to be 250 deep x 300 wide
including over pad footing below columns, incorporated construction joints at edges, incorporate 'hairpin' steel
reinforcing bars 20 diameter and 1000 long set diagonally into slab, site welded to column flanges

Task 2 (occasion 2)

Strip footings:
700d x 500w concrete with 4-12TM steel reinforcement top and bottom, 6 diameter ligatures at 750 centres,
minimum 40 cover over steel. Footings extended beneath portal columns minimum 250 beyond base plate on all
sides and with additional 12TM reinforcement provided in both directions below columns.

Floor:
Concrete slab 200mm thick reinforced with F82 steel mesh at top and bottom with 30 cover, set over moisture
membrane on 50 thick packing sand on compacted ground/fill, slab edge thickened to be 250 deep x 300 wide
including over pad footing below columns, incorporated construction joints at edges, incorporate 'hairpin' steel
reinforcing bars 20 diameter and 1000 long set diagonally into slab, site welded to column flanges
Your task will require you to perform the following:
Access and interpret the given plans, drawings, specification and design of the factory.
Use the relevant Australian Standards and other Standards that may apply.
Access and interpret Engineering and Geotechnical information and apply it to your design.
Access and interpret hydrological, meteorlogical and cultural and heritage data. Refer to your local council and
apply the aforementioned to your design.
Access and interpret tests results and works selection data from the geotechnical works construction.
Apply the appropriate graphical representation to the Engineering drawings using a CAD software.
Where required use calculations to obtain areas, volumes, mass, percentages or grades for the design.
You must submit the following drawings with your geotechnical design:
 General Excavation Plan (Scale 1:100)
 Spatial Plan (Scale 1:100)
 Foundation Plan (Scale 1:100)
 Detail of Portal Column Pad (Scale 1:10)
 Footing and Strip Footing (Scale 1:10)
 Detail of Slab and Strip Footing (Scale 1:10)

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The sketch design of the factory that has been provided is to be amended in accordance with the instructions to
the information below and as instructed. Note that this information will also be required to prepare the
geotechnical design for the factory including engineering detail drawing of the footings.
Factory design and general construction:
For the following design locate and apply relevant legislation, documentation, policies and procedures in all the
stages of the design process.
Soil Classification to be used:

Class Foundation

A Most sand and rock sites with little or no ground movement from moisture changes

S Slightly reactive clay sites with only slight ground movement from moisture changes

Moderately reactive clay or silt sites which can experience moderate ground movement from moisture
M
changes

H Highly reactive clay sites which can experience high ground movement from moisture changes

E Extremely reactive clay sites which can experience extreme ground movement from moisture changes

A to P Filled sites — see AS 2870

Sites which include soft soils, such as soft clay or silt or loose sands; landslip; mine subsidence;
P collapsing soils; soils subject to erosion; reactive sites subject to abnormal moisture conditions
or sites which cannot be classified otherwise

Note to Table 3.2.4.1: For classes M, H and E further division based on the depth of the expected movement is
required. For deep-seated movements, characteristic of dry climates and corresponding to a design depth of
suction change Hs, equal to or greater than 3 m, the classification shall be M-D, H-D or E-D as appropriate. For
example, H-D represents a highly reactive site with deep moisture changes, and H represents a highly reactive site
with shallow moisture changes

ensure that you address the following issues:

Use the relevant state legislation in the given design of a Geotechnical design (i.e., footings) of the commercial
building. Name the relevant legislation you referenced.
Research the relevant standards and sections of the BCA and apply them to the structural and construction
principles of the commercial building. The structural and construction principles include the construction methods,
standards and services in compliance with the relevant legislation and design specifications such as:
 Compatibility of structural elements
 Differential movement
 Effects of deflection
 Effects of shrinkage
 Effects of wind
 Integration of elements and/or systems
 Principles of beam and column design
 Solution of force systems
 Behaviour of structural materials
 Thermal expansion and contraction
 Types and behavior of loads
Apply all the relevant local government planning and construction regulations and requirements to the commercial
building such as relevant Australian Standards, OHS and town planning. Use your local municipality for town
planning regulations.

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Analyse the structural systems used in the commercial building and apply construction methodologies to solve
construction and design issues. Include:
 composite structures,
 concrete footing and slab systems,
 connection methods and systems,
Use the relevant standards to integrate structural principles into the geotechnical design of the commercial factory.
Take into account forces, loads and stresses and strains.
Accommodate any special conditions which apply to the commercial design of the factory according to the relevant
standards. The special conditions may include:
 Altitude
 Bushfire hazards
 Local wind loads
 Other conditions relevant to specific local conditions
 Seismic activity

Factory length:

24600, with grid between portal column centrelines approximately 6000 (adjust bay spacing to nearest 5mm to suit)

Factory width:

18800, with grid between portal column centrelines (i.e. in portal span direction) reduced to approximately 18000.

Office and amenities:

Office and amenities are generally shown but with door provided between rear staff dining room and factory
(matching other internal doors, 800 wide). You are to design the office and amenity areas to your discretion.

External Walls:

Exposed concrete block masonry, module 400x200x200, hollow blocks used reinforced vertically with 12 diameter
steel bars/concrete fill at minimum 1200 centres including beside opening with reinforcing tied to starter bars set in
the concrete strip footing, walls extended up as a level parapet on all sides minimum 75 above roof, 'Colorbond'
sheet bent steel capping over.

Factory delivery door:

Steel roller shutter, door opening: 3600 wide x 3200 high

Windows on east and west ends:

steel or aluminium frames, openings 3600 wide by 1200 high, window sill 1200 above floor level, personnel entry
doors incorporated with window openings, doors 900 wide, solid timber 32 thick

Internal Clearance:

Height to underside of UB haunch of portal rafter to be 6500 from factory floor level. Ceiling height of amenities area
below mezzanine to be 2700.

Roof:

Roof slope 6 degrees, roof cladding: 'Lysaght Klip-lok 406'steel decking with 'Zincalume' finish, fixed to purlins over
draped reflective foil insulation and safety mesh

Box Gutter:

Bent 'Zincalume'/steel sheet 400 wide x 75 deep over 'Lysaght Spandeck' gutterboard supported by 'Duragal 50 x
50 x 5 EA at maximum 800 centres fixed to wall and hung from roof purlins, minimum gutter fall 1:100 to 300 x 300
x 300 rain water head outlets connected to stormwater drains in ground

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Internal Walls:

Internal walls below mezzanine to storage area 90 wide steel framing

Internal lining:

Plasterboard, except where tiled in wet areas and where exposed externally adjacent the entry door where fibre
cement sheet used

Mezzanine Stair:

Steel framing with timber treads, width 800, stair handrail 780 above nosing, mezzanine handrail 1000 above floor

Structural Framing Requirements:

the sizes of the frame members and related components are as follows:

Portal columns:

410 UB 53.7

Column base plates:

20 thick, extended 10 beyond column edges, welds: 8 CFW. Clearance height of 30 required over concrete footing
to underside of base plates, gap grouted. Hold down bolts: 20 diameter, 4 required near corners, centres 40 from
base plate edges, tied to bottom reinforcement in footing. Bolt centres: 40 from outer edges of plates, 60 from
flanges, webs and stiffening plates. Concrete pad footing: integrated with concrete strip footings external masonry
wall.

Portal rafters:

360 UB 50.7 including for haunch, haunch length 2000. Portal connection plates: 20 thick, welds: 8 CFW, bolts:
M16, minimum 8 per connection, location of plates to be decided (either at column head and ridge or at 1/4 of portal
rafter span). Stiffening plates: 12 thick, welds 6 CFW.

Corner columns:

310 UB 32.0

Rafters at north and south sidewalls:

230 PFC

Intermediate columns along sidewall:

150 UC 18.0, 3 required at maximum 4500 centres, 2 base plate hold down bolts required, 20 diameter. Cleats: 10
thick steel plate, size to suit requirements, welds: 6 CFW

Longitudinal wall bracing:

Fan bracing from portal columns to concrete block wall at maximum 3000 centres in wall height: 50 x 50 x 6 EA,
M12 bolt fixing, cleats: 6 thick plate or 16 diameter steel rod cross bracing to outer bays, capable of being tightened
from 75 x 75 x 6 EA welded to centre of webs of portal columns.

Eaves ties:

150 PFC bolted to masonry wall 500 each side of portal columns, roof ties: 150 CHS at 4500 centres in braced
bays, 9000 centres in other bays.

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Roof bracing:

16 diameter steel rod cross bracing to outer bays between eaves ties/roof ties, capable of being tightened from 75 x
75 x 6 EA welded to centre of rafter webs or columns. Roof purlins: Z20024 at maximum 1500 centres generally,
1200 at edges of building, bridging required at mid-span, fly bracing to portal rafters at maximum 3000 centres: 50 x
50 x 6 EA, M12 bolt fixing, cleats: 6 plate.

Mezzanine structure:

Steel 90 x 90 x 6 SHS columns at maximum 4000 centres supporting 150 x 50 x 6 RHS or 150 PFC beams at
maximum 2000 centres with C10019 as floor joists over, fixed to cleats at 600 centres, galvanised finish.

Mezzanine floor:

Particleboard sheet flooring with hardwood edge-strips at exposed outer edge Window/door lintels: fabricated to suit
250 high x 175 wide 10 thick steel plate minimum bearing 300 on masonry at each end, galvanised finish.

Mezzanine infil/partition walls:

'Lysaght Supraframe' steel studwork 90 wide. Stair to mezzanine: fabricated steel string beams 150 x 50 x 6 RHS
or 150 PFC with 50 x 50 x 5 EA welded to inside faces with 6 CFW supporting KDHW treads: 290 x 40 fixed with 2
M8 galvanised coach bolts at each end

Mezzanine stair handrail/balustrade:

42.4 x 3.2 CHS or 40 x 40 x 3 SHS, 6 CFW bolted or site welded to top of stringers, stair finish: painted

Design of factory:

One office for a secretary and director 16-20 sqm: 2 Toilets (male and female): Showers and Locker Room (male
and female): Dining room with kitchenette for 8 employees: Entry and exit according to BCA standards: One entry
for deliveries and dispatch of goods: Natural Lighting from front and rear elevation, and: Minimum 4 parking spaces
at the front of the factory

Drawing Catalogue using CAD software:

Framing layout drawing:

Include the following on one A3 sheet:

-Section each way, scale 1:100

-Main title block and titles below each drawing

Note again that the engineering drawing method used depicts structural members by simple bold lines with gaps left
where connections are to be made on site. Each member type is given a 'mark' (or designation), which is linked to a
schedule describing its characteristics (e.g. shape and size) with other comments necessary (e.g. span, spacing).
The location of members is shown related to a dimensioned grid on the layout plan using initials on way and
numbers the other way. The grid is also shown on the elevations and sections. The main vertical dimensions are
shown on the sections and elevations. Parts of the building are selected and drawn more realistically as structural
details. These are referenced from the layout plans, sections and elevations using faint circles about the area
involved. An initial is given to each detail together with the sheet number from which it is derived. Section and plan
details of a particular area may also be referenced from other detail views using section lines with arrows and when
this is done the detail is identifies by a number so that the source is easily recognised as being different. For further
information refer to notes with examples of engineering drawings supplied at the lecture.

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Engineering Detail Drawing: Detail Plans, Sections & Elevation scale 1:20

Your task now is to prepare a drawing showing engineering details of your geotechnical design for the factory
building at selected locations. This involves showing the structural materials and components such as the
steelwork, the reinforced concrete footings and the concrete block walls for which the engineer is responsible. (Note
that detail of non-structural components such as window and door frames, roof cladding, flashings, gutters, wall
linings, insulation and the like are shown on the architectural documentation drawings. However such items may be
included on engineering details in simple outline with a note attached).
Select at least six junctions of the building for detailing including the following:

 Plan detail of portal column

 Plan detail of column on side wall
 Section detail of floor/wall junction (includes footing)
 Section detail of wall/roof junction (includes haunch)
 Section detail of portal rafter (showing moment connection either at ridge or along rafter)

Proposed Factory: Ground Floor Plan scale 1:100

Prepare the architectural documentation drawing of the ground floor plan of the factory based on the sketch plan
and notes previously provided and the engineering layout and detail drawings already begun. The overall section
drawings and plan details are to be referenced from this floor plan.

Architectural Documentation (additional information)

Note that documentation drawings show only the materials and components to be built as part of the construction
contract (i.e. they do not show loose furniture, landscape planting and the like). Architectural documentation
drawings of industrial, commercial, institutional or multi-storey residential projects are usually set out and
dimensioned in the same manner as engineering drawings (i.e. using a structural grid). The locations of other
components can then be dimensioned from a gridline. As noted previously the grid is designated alphabetically one-
way (i.e. 1, 2, 3 etc.) and numerically (i.e. A, B, C, etc.) the other so that any intersection can be quickly located.
The gridlines are drawn very faintly as ‘chain lines’ with alternating long and short dashes and the designation is put
in a circle beyond the dimensions. Overall lengths of the building are also given each way, as may individual
dimensions when deemed necessary. Materials cut in plan (horizontal section) are represented according to
architectural conventions (i.e. they are strongly outlined with appropriate hatching drawn lightly within). Continuous
lines represent edges of objects seen in the view (e.g. edge of floor slab, sill of windows) and dashed lines
represent hidden elements (e.g. extent of stair above plan cut-off height). Architectural documentation drawings
usually omit or simplify much of the engineering content. For example the footings may be drawn in outline only (i.e.
not hatched and without the steel reinforcing shown) with a note referring the reader to the engineering drawings.
This is to ensure that the building contractor uses the appropriate drawings for construction and that the
professional concerned is responsible for their part of the design. It also simplifies and quickens the task of altering
drawings when variations have to be made, as the other consultant is not affected unless major changes to the
structure occur. However in drawings for this part of the work you are to combine all information, as your
understanding of both the engineering and architectural aspects and how they are integrated is being learnt. Include
all items described in the introduction to the factory project provided in week 4 (see ‘factory design and general
construction’ and ‘structural framing requirements’) that are cut and seen in plan at approximately 1500 above floor
level. This includes the external concrete block wall, steel columns, doors and windows, the mezzanine walls,
plumbing fittings, the internal stair, downpipes and the like. Also show the construction joints in the concrete block
walls and in the concrete infill slab floor. Faint dashed lines can be used to show important hidden information such
as the footing location below the floor and the extent of the mezzanine stair above the height of 1500. This plan
should occupy one A3 sheet including the necessary horizontal dimensions, references to other architectural
drawings (overall sections and plan details), and notes regarding the main materials and components used. Include
a full title block if space permits; otherwise provide the minimum title information required to adequately describe
the drawing as part of the documentation set for this subject (i.e. subject name, drawing title, scale used, north
point, your name and sheet number). Note that this is sheet 6 in the set of drawings for the subject but also sheet
A1 of the architectural documentation drawings for the factory project.

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Proposed Factory: Sections scale 1:100

Now you can begin to prepare the documentation drawings showing a section through the factory building each
way. Each section is to be referenced from the floor plan using section reference lines cutting the outer walls with
arrows showing the direction viewed. Materials and components are to be represented in the same way as on the
plans, strongly outlined with fine hatching between where they are cut and only in outline seen beyond. Each view
should show the mezzanine: the ‘cross section’ cutting through the mezzanine and the ‘longitudinal section’
(preferably cutting through the factory delivery door) viewing it in elevation within the building. The stair and handrail
will need to be shown in each section (handrail heights previously given, treads [goings] to be minimum 250 wide,
risers minimum 150 and maximum 190 high). Note also that the mezzanine is an open storage area (i.e. has no
partition walls). Each section should occupy one A3 sheet. As for the floor plan the main materials and components
used are described using concise notes. More comprehensive information will be eventually given on the section
details drawn at a larger scale. The locations of the section details will be referenced from these drawings and this
is best done using fine circles about the area selected. Vertical dimensions are to be included related to the factory
floor level. Note that in this case the critical height for the steelwork is to the underside of the portal rafter at the
column connection (i.e. 6500 beneath the haunch) and the ceiling level below the mezzanine (2700) so that you will
have to determine the height of the top of the parapet wall and the mezzanine floor using the depths/heights of the
components, roof slope etc. using information from the ‘factory design and general construction’ and ‘structural
framing requirements’ data previously provided. Battens supporting the plasterboard ceiling in the amenities area
beneath the mezzanine can be assumed to be 45 x 70 F5 seasoned pine at maximum 600 centres. Note that the
structural information given for the mezzanine area needs amending as the maximum span given for beams (4000)
would result in having to provide internal columns within the office, male toilet and lunchroom areas which is
undesirable. To overcome this problem the engineer advises that the beams (either 150 x 50 x 6 RHS or 150 PFC)
can span up to 4500 provided the maximum spacing between them is reduced to 1800 (previous maximum given
was 2000). As these beams will also need support from the external concrete block wall it is proposed that a
continuous steel angle (100 x 100 x 8 EA) be fixed to the wall between the columns at maximum 1200 centres
using masonry anchors (12 diameter). Cleats (8 thick) will need to be welded to the angles to provide bolted
connections to the beams (2 M12 bolts required per connection).

Proposed Factory: Plan & Section Details scale 1:10

Identify and use the relevant documentation drawings showing plan and section details at selected locations of the
factory building. The materials and components required for construction are in accordance with architectural detail
drawing conventions (i.e. hatching of materials, back lining in section, notes describing the materials and
components, sizes etc.). Include the engineering and the structural information provided (i.e. only basic information
on welding and bolting detail and steel finishes etc. is required and without a schedule of structural members). Each
detail drawing is to be referenced from the appropriate overall plan or section (drawings [A3]) by drafting a fine
circle about the area concerned.

Plan detail

As the most critical connections occur at the main portal column and the columns at the end walls this is the
minimum requirement for this drawing. Other details required would occur at the corner of the building, at the jamb
of a doorway and at the jamb of a typical window and this information is desirable. A detail of the bracing of the
columns to the concrete block wall or lateral cross bracing would also be helpful, but as this may be confusing if
also included on these plans it may be omitted. Considering this, select at least two locations from the ground floor
plan (drawing [A3]) for detailing at the scale required.
Section details
In this case two details are required preferably referenced from the cross section (drawing [A3]):
 Footing/wall detail (showing the junction of the floor to the wall and the base of the portal column)
 Wall/roof detail (showing the portal column/rafter [haunch] connection, the roofing, the parapet and
the box gutter). The ridge detail may be included if it will fit on the sheet.

Proposed Factory: Mezzanine Area Details scale 1:20 and/or 1:10

Documentation drawing shows construction details of the mezzanine area within the factory. Both plan and section
details. Also included are details of the steel/timber stair and mezzanine handrail. Note that ‘wet area’ details of the
staff amenity areas (toilets, showers and kitchen) with associated joinery (benches and cupboards) would be shown
on other drawings for the project but are not required for this unit. Each detail is referenced from the ground floor

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plan, (sheet A1) an overall section (sheet A2 and or A3) or from each other as appropriate. As previously described
(see notes from week 4) the mezzanine structure is to be steel framing (SHS columns with either RHS or PFC
beams supporting steel purlins as floor joists). The stair structure is to have either RHS or PFC stringers supporting
solid hardwood treads. The mezzanine and stair handrail/balustrade is to be of tubular steel (CHS or SHS) welded
or bolted together. The stair is to be bolted to the floor using ‘Dynabolt’ expanding fasteners and the handrail is to
be bolted or screwed to the mezzanine platform. The wall and ceiling lining of the office/amenities area is to be
plasterboard fixed to the steel studwork of the walls (studs could be at 450 centres with 10 thick plasterboard or 600
centres with 13 thick plasterboard) and to timber ceiling battens (size: 35 x 70 seasoned pine at either 450 or 600
centres). The floor of the mezzanine is to be particleboard (18 thick) screwed to the steel joists (cold rolled ‘C’
sections). Trim, such as for skirtings, architraves and the exposed edge of the mezzanine floor can be of dressed
seasoned hardwood (KDHW) or of other materials (metal or plastic) of size/profile as you see fit. The scale
nominated above of 1:20 is given so that a reasonable amount of detail can be provided on the A3 sheet size.
However some areas may be drawn at the large scale of 1:10 if you deem it necessary.

Specification and Research:

Determine and document the performance requirements in the design review template provided further below, that
apply to the project, which include:

 Cost
 Detail relating to availability of material
 Heritage factors
 Nominated subcontractors
 Provision of site access/facilities
 Quality Assurance
 Standard procedures
 Standards of work
 Work schedule
 Planning Permit – use the link provided to complete this (to be
submitted)(https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/ data/assets/pdf_file/0016/6271/Application-for-a-
VicSmart-Planning-Permit_July-2017.pdf)

Design and Cost Estimate (to be submitted)

Note: each shift is equivalent to 1 days work. Allocate the number people you will require as Labour. Allocate the
Plant to be used. The number of shifts will be equivalent to 1 month, therefore work out the number of working days
(i.e., shifts) the project will take.

Design and Estimate cost

Item Description Unit Quantity Number Rate

Geotechnical
Design
Soil report

Consultants

Sub-contractors
Planning Permit
Application

Inputs

Page 109 of 173

 Trench Depth m

Trench Width m
Total volume of
M3
excavated material
Production rate M per shift

Duration shifts

Calculations:

Labour

Supervisor shift

Machine Driver shift $225

Labourers shift $225

Plant

Excavator shift

Tipper shift

Ute shift

Materials

Concrete M3 $200

Steel m $90
Bedding and backfill
M3 $50
material

Total cost of Activity $

Total Cost – rate per
m
metre
Compose and complete the sample form shown below, the declaration and verification development application. (to
be submitted)

Page 110 of 173

Page 111 of 173
Ensure all design work and documentation is submitted and filed according to company policy and procedure.
Use the template below to record a design review plan. (to be submitted)
Design Review Required
Object of Activity Timing/Date Reviewers
Point Records
Example:

Review and amend

Project Manager Letter
design standards.
Ensure design includes Review report
Internal and
Preliminary inputs from Before commencing the
External Authority Contractor
Design investigations. Ensure detailed design
design meets External responses
stakeholder Stakeholders Meetings
expectation.

Use the template provided to complete your design review included feedback from external expert or colleagues. (to
be submitted)

Page 112 of 173

 Respo
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(e.g. D- Revi Respo
It Review Design (Disci Respo out
Design, Sheet/S ew nse Sta
e Date er(s) Component/ pline nse (initia
C- ection com and tus
m initials Discipline and date ls &
CADD/Dr ment action
initials date)
afting) )
Example:
To be
compl
eted
To by
Drafting Superv
20/01/ be anothe 27/01/ 01/02
1. RL D Design N/A isor - 0
2023 comp r 2023 /2023
solution JC
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3.

The specification should include the following sections (to be submitted):

 Site Establishment and Preliminaries
 Groundworks
 Concrete
 Structural Steel
 Acknowledgements (e.g. Supervisor, contractors)
 Potential problems

Solution example:

Sample Specification

Scope and Limitations

The scope of work is as detailed in this specification, the contract drawings, the schedule (if appropriate) and the
purchase order. The client must assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the information
supplied to the Consultant and upon which this design is based. The limit of this design is as set out in the
documents. No other warranty, express or implied is made in respect of the professional advice contained herein.

Copyright

These documents and the information contained herein are the property of the Consultant and may not be copied
in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner. Permission is granted to:
 The Client as identified herein and their contractors and subcontractors, for purposes of carrying out
construction of the particular project identified herein.
 The relevant local authorities for purposes expressly required under the provisions of the
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act or other relevant legislation.

Acknowledgements

The Consultant acknowledges that information on the foundations, retained soil, site boundaries, levels and
structures contained in documents prepared by others, and supplied to The Consultant by the client, has been
used in this design. The client must assume responsibility for the copyright, accuracy and completeness of the
information supplied to The Consultant and upon which this design is based.

Page 113 of 173

Supervision

The Contractor shall ensure that the work is performed and directly supervised by appropriately qualified and
experienced personnel.

Quality Assurance

Suppliers and contractors shall provide assurance of the quality of all goods, materials and services to be
provided. The following are deemed to meet this requirement:
 a quality assurance system complying with AS/NZS ISO 9001, or
 a quality control system approved by the Consultant.

Dimensions

All work shall be installed in accordance with the contract drawings, which show the general layout. The main
setting out dimensions shown on architectural drawings take precedence over those shown on engineering
drawings, which have been included to assist the detailing. Dimensions on sections through structural
components such as slabs, footings or retaining walls shown on engineering drawings take precedence over
those shown on architectural drawings. The Contractor shall check for any conflict between works as constructed,
the relevant engineering drawings or sections and the relevant architectural drawings or sections. If conflicts are
detected, they shall be reported to the Consultant for resolution before work proceeds.

Execution of the Work

The Contractor shall ensure that the work is executed in accordance with the drawings and specifications, and
any additional relevant requirements of the Building Code of Australia, the Building Regulations, applicable
Australian Standards and supplier’s instructions.

Completion

When work has reached the stage of requiring inspection, the Contractor shall advise the Consultant, before
proceeding to cover, close or complete the work. On completion of all works the Contractor shall formally advise
the Consultant of practical completion. Where the contract is staged, this advice shall be given at completion of
each major stage of the works.

Development Applications

It is advised that all residential developments concerning external or structural components of a dwelling should
be lodged with the appropriate council departments for approval, before construction is commenced.
Potential problems and solutions

Leaks

If plumbing fittings are not correctly sealed and tightened, they may leak. Ensure that the correct gasket material
or plumbers tape is used and that all fittings are tightened. Inspect each pipeline for leaks before the plumber
leaves the job.

Scope

This specification covers the installation of a disabled toilet on Level 4, 446 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria,
3000.

Approvals

The Contractor shall obtain all relevant approvals and provide to the Builder the appropriate certificates. When the
Approval Authority requires variations, they shall be confirmed by the Builder before work proceeds.

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Australian Standards

All components and installation shall comply with the Building Code of Australia (BCA) and the relevant Australian
Standards, including AS/NZS 3500 and the standards listed therein.

Commencement

Work shall commence as soon as practical after, but not before,

(a) the Builder has issued:
 a written order
 the relevant contract drawings, specifications and schedule of work
 written approval of any details provided by the Contractor
(b) all bulk earthworks affecting drainage lines have been completed
(c) the structure supporting plumbing has been completed.

Existing Services

The Contractor shall disconnect, terminate and remove any obsolete parts of existing services. When required to
divert existing services that obstruct new building work, at least three day’s notice shall be given to the Builder.

Samples

When the contract requires the Contractor to supply the fittings, one sample of each shall be submitted to the
Builder for approval before placing the order.

Materials

Plumbing and drainage components shall comply with the relevant Australian Standards and shall be compatible
with the corresponding pipes.

Installation

All plumbing and drainage components and installation shall comply with the Building Code of Australia and the
relevant Australian Standards, including the following standards:
 Water supply AS/NZS 3500.1
 Sanitary plumbing and sanitary drainage AS/NZS 3500.2
 Stormwater drainage AS/NZS 3500.3
 Hot water supply AS/NZS 3500.4

PVC pipes and fittings shall have solvent welded joints in accordance with AS/NZS 3879.

Inspections and Tests

The Contractor shall give notice on completion of each stage of the work and arrange for the appropriate
inspections and tests required by the Builder and Approval Authority. The Contractor shall supply all required
equipment and materials and perform all relevant tests. All new work shall remain open until it has been
inspected, tested and approved by the Builder and Approval Authority. The following inspections and tests shall
be performed.

Item or Product Inspection Required Accept Criteria Hold Witness

Inspect controlled Controlled copy of latest
Drawings & Specifications Hold
documents issue on site
Mains connection View application Copy in file

Construction Inspections

Holes, chases Visual Correct position Hold

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Pipes Visual Correct position Hold
No water hammer
Operation of all systems Audible Hold
Unrestricted flow
Testing
AS/NZS 3500.1.2 Section
Cold water supply 13 AS/NZS 3500.1.2 Hold
Sanitary plumbing &
drainage AS/NZS 3500.2.2 Section
Section 13 criteria Hold
Discharge pipe 12
Sanitary fixtures
AS/NZS 3500.4.2 Section
Hot water supply 8 Section 12 criteria Hold

Notes
All tolerances shall be as shown, except where overridden by AS/NZS 3500 or AS 3740.

Schedule Of Plumbing Fixtures

Fixture No Required Type Colour and other details

Wastes

Dual or single flush:

WC Units Material:
Seat material:
Lid material:

Length:
Width:
Vanity Units Height:
Basins:
Plumbing:
Material:

The specified commercial building complies with statutory requirements for fire separation and Deemed-to-Satisfy
(DTS) provisions of the Building Code of Australia. This includes:
 Fire resistance levels
 Fire source features
 Class of building
 Multi-residential timber-framed construction
 Concrete, blockwork, brickwork AAC, lightweight construction, e.g. plasterboard
 Protection of openings
 Sole occupancy units
 Paths of travel
 Fire stairs and isolated stairs
 Non-combustible materials
 Housing in bushfire areas according to regional regulations

The design has safe movement and access in accordance with the Building Code of Australia and relevant
Australian Standards. The safe movement and access include:
 Access for maintenance (i.e. roof access, built in provision of roof hatch ladders, walk platforms,
 roof mounted services, fall arrest systems)
 Adequate lighting for daily use and emergencies
 Balustrade
Page 116 of 173
  Handrails
 Stair tread nosings
 Stair construction
 Tactile indicators
If there is any further information that you require or if you have questions, use clear and direct communication to
confirm/share the requirements with your supervisor or other personnel.

Resources Required

Your Trainer and Assessor will provide you with the following resources to complete this task:
 Access to learner guide and other learning materials.

You will be required to complete and/or attach.

Your trainer will observe you while performing this task and complete the performance checklist.

Timeframe

Your Trainer/Assessor will assign you a timeframe to maintain commercially realistic speed, time, and productivity.

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Answer

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 Performance Criteria/Assessor Checklist: Task 4 Geotechnical Design
Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Part 1

Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Geotechnical design solution

Did the student locate and apply relevant legislation, documentation, policies
Yes No
and procedures.
Did the student implement the requirements, procedures and techniques for
Yes No
the safe and effective completion of the activity.

Did the student use the equipment effectively and appropriately. Yes No

Did the student access and interpret the following: Yes No

 Work requirements Yes No

 Plans Yes No

 Drawings Yes No

 Specifications Yes No

 Design brief Yes No

 Australian Standards and other Yes No

 Engineering survey Yes No

 Geotechnical information Yes No

 Cultural and heritage data Yes No

 Geotechnical works construction materials test results Yes No

 Geotechnical works selection data Yes No

 Graphic symbols used in drafting design and geology Yes No

Did the student communicate clearly and concisely with others to receive and
Yes No
clarify work instructions.

Did the student apply engineering graphical presentation techniques. Yes No

Did the studentselect and apply appropriate construction techniques. Yes No

Did the student provide clarification and advice to personnel implementing

Yes No
design as required to meet job requirements.
Did the student maintain design and cost records and filed according
Yes No
workplace requirements.

Did the student ensure the geotechnical design was compliant. Yes No

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Did the student complete a design cost and reporting requirements and
Yes No
deliver to required stakeholders.
Did the student apply the given design plans and develop a geotechnical
Yes No
design of the foundation.
Did the student participate in a design review with others according to
Yes No
workplace requirements.
Did the student seek feedback that contributed to the final design including
recommended changes to the design for continuous improvement as well as Yes No
verification according to workplace requirements.
Did the student obtain design approval that satisfied all authorities,
Yes No
requirements and legislation.
Did the student submit an application for the development of the geotechnical
Yes No
design.
Did the student submit a planning permit and contribute to the validation of
Yes No
the design as required to meet job requirements.

Did the student calculate

 Areas Yes No

 Volumes Yes No

 Densities Yes No

 Percentages Yes No

 Grades Yes No

Did the student submit a specification of the design works. Yes No

Did the student submit all the work for the activity including relevant notes
Yes No
such as calculations and sketches.
Did the student complete the following CADD Drawings using industry or government standard design
software:

 General Excavation Plan (Scale 1:100) Yes No

 Spatial Plan (Scale 1:100) Yes No

 Foundation Plan (Scale 1:100) Yes No

 Detail of Portal Column Pad (Scale 1:10) Yes No

 Footing and Strip Footing (Scale 1:10) Yes No

 Detail of Slab and Strip Footing (Scale 1:10) Yes No

Did the student obtain, read, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements. Yes No

Was the design plan prepared with the best available resources. Yes No

Did the student identify and confirm the requirements and information for the
Yes No
geotechnical works project.
Did the student obtain, interpret and analyse required data and identify design options for civil concrete
structures according to job requirements to do the following:

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  Identify viable options Yes No

 Make a recommendation for the preferred option Yes No

Did the student close out all systems according to workplace requirements. Yes No

Did the student size the geotechnical works component. Yes No

Did the student develop and apply design plans. Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data to recommend options. Yes No

Did the student communicate and coordinate with personnel involved in the
design process according to workplace requirements and within the scope of Yes No
own role.
Did the student complete the activity in the allotted time and submit
Yes No
drawings, calculations and completed field sheet

Part 2

Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Geotechnical design solution

Did the student locate and apply relevant legislation, documentation, policies
Yes No
and procedures.
Did the student implement the requirements, procedures and techniques for
Yes No
the safe and effective completion of the activity.

Did the student use the equipment effectively and appropriately. Yes No

Did the student access and interpret the following: Yes No

 Work requirements Yes No

 Plans Yes No

 Drawings Yes No

 Specifications Yes No

 Design brief Yes No

 Australian Standards and other Yes No

 Engineering survey Yes No

 Geotechnical information Yes No

 Cultural and heritage data Yes No

 Geotechnical works construction materials test results Yes No

 Geotechnical works selection data Yes No

 Graphic symbols used in drafting design and geology Yes No

Did the student communicate clearly and concisely with others to receive and
Yes No
clarify work instructions.

Page 124 of 173

Did the student apply engineering graphical presentation techniques. Yes No

Did the studentselect and apply appropriate construction techniques. Yes No

Did the student provide clarification and advice to personnel implementing

Yes No
design as required to meet job requirements.
Did the student maintain design and cost records and filed according
Yes No
workplace requirements.

Did the student ensure the geotechnical design was compliant. Yes No

Did the student complete a design cost and reporting requirements and
Yes No
deliver to required stakeholders.
Did the student apply the given design plans and develop a geotechnical
Yes No
design of the foundation.
Did the student participate in a design review with others according to
Yes No
workplace requirements.
Did the student seek feedback that contributed to the final design including
recommended changes to the design for continuous improvement as well as Yes No
verification according to workplace requirements.
Did the student obtain design approval that satisfied all authorities,
Yes No
requirements and legislation.
Did the student submit an application for the development of the geotechnical
Yes No
design.
Did the student submit a planning permit and contribute to the validation of
Yes No
the design as required to meet job requirements.

Did the student calculate

 Areas Yes No

 Volumes Yes No

 Densities Yes No

 Percentages Yes No

 Grades Yes No

Did the student submit a specification of the design works. Yes No

Did the student submit all the work for the activity including relevant notes
Yes No
such as calculations and sketches.
Did the student complete the following CADD Drawings using industry or government standard design
software:

 General Excavation Plan (Scale 1:100) Yes No

 Spatial Plan (Scale 1:100) Yes No

 Foundation Plan (Scale 1:100) Yes No

 Detail of Portal Column Pad (Scale 1:10) Yes No

 Footing and Strip Footing (Scale 1:10) Yes No

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  Detail of Slab and Strip Footing (Scale 1:10) Yes No

Did the student obtain, read, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements. Yes No

Was the design plan prepared with the best available resources. Yes No

Did the student identify and confirm the requirements and information for the
Yes No
geotechnical works project.
Did the student obtain, interpret and analyse required data and identify design options for civil concrete
structures according to job requirements to do the following:

 Identify viable options Yes No

 Make a recommendation for the preferred option Yes No

Did the student close out all systems according to workplace requirements. Yes No

Did the student size the geotechnical works component. Yes No

Did the student develop and apply design plans. Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data to recommend options. Yes No

Did the student communicate and coordinate with personnel involved in the
design process according to workplace requirements and within the scope of Yes No
own role.
Did the student complete the activity in the allotted time and submit
Yes No
drawings, calculations and completed field sheet

Comments

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Student Name
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date

Assessor Name
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable, and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date

Page 126 of 173

 Assessment 5 – Project Task Geotechnical Report
Student Information
Your task.

Task – Write a Geotechnical Report in your own words

Using the Geotechnical Report (Includes Appendix A and B) provided, write a report in your own words and include
the information in the relevant sections of the template below.
Using the Geotechnical Report provided, write a report in your own words and include drawings, photographs and
recommendations. Identify and include all relevant geotechnical-related information.

Geotechnical Report Template

1. INTRODUCTION
a. Project description
b. Scope of work
2. GEOLOGY
a. Regional Geology
b. Site Geology
3. EXISTING GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION
4. SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM
a. Subsurface Exploration Procedures
b. Laboratory Testing
5. SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
a. Topography
b. Stratigraphy
c. Soil Properties
d. Groundwater Conditions
6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS
a. Design Alternatives
b. Group Effects
c. Foundation Settlement
d. Downdrag
e. Lateral Loading
f. Construction Considerations
g. Pile Testing
7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
a. Suitable Types
b. Design and Construction Considerations
8. ROADWAY RECOMMENDATIONS
a. Embankments and Embankment Foundations
b. Cuts
c. Pavement
9. SEISMIC CONSIDERATIONS
a. Seismicity
b. Seismic Hazard Criteria
c. Liquefaction Potential
10. CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS
11. APPENDICES

Appendix A and B

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Page 154 of 173
 Performance Criteria/Assessor Checklist: Task 4 Geotechnical Design
Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Did the student follow WHS requirements that include

 Checked equipment in good working order. Yes No

 Used PPE for the activity. Yes No

The student interpreted the Soil engineer’s report to determine specifications

Yes No
for footing systems appropriate for foundation design.
The student identified the Environmental issues impacting on the site and
Yes No
controlled according to regulatory requirements.

The student used Communication skills to:

 read and interpret Yes No

o construction drawings and specifications Yes No

o state regulatory authority requirements Yes No

o Australian Standards Yes No

o relevant sections of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) Yes No

o reports prepared by specialised personnel Yes No

 use language, terminology and concepts appropriate to industry

Yes No
conventions

Did the student interpret and analyse data to recommend options. Yes No

Did the student access and interpret the following:

 Plans Yes No

 Drawings Yes No

 Specifications Yes No

 Design biref Yes No

 Australian Standards and other Yes No

 Engineering survey Yes No

 Geotechnical information Yes No

 Hydrological data Yes No

 Meteorological data Yes No

Page 155 of 173

  Cultural and heritage data Yes No

 Geotechnical works construction materials test results Yes No

 Geotechnical works selection data Yes No

 Graphic symbols used in geology Yes No

Did the student comply with written and verbal reporting requirements and
Yes No
procedures.

Did the student analyse, review and recommend changes. Yes No

Did the student complete a Geotechnical report including drawings,

Yes No
photographs and recommendations.
Did the student write the report using structural components, construction
Yes No
methodologies, and related terminology.
Did the student complete the documentation for the geotechnical works
Yes No
design.
Did the student identify and confirm the geotechnical works project
Yes No
requirements and information.
Did the student locate and apply relevant legislation, documentation, policies
Yes No
and procedures.

Did the student size geotechnical works components. Yes No

Did the student select and apply the appropriate construction techniques. Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data to recommend options. Yes No

Did the student complete the activity in the allotted time. Yes No

Comments

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Student Name
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date

Assessor Name
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable, and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date

Page 156 of 173

 Assessment 6 – Project Task Geotechnical Report
Student Information
Your task.
Bridge Design Task
There are several timber bridges located that need replacing due to their deteriorating state in regional Australia.
The timber bridges are to be replaced with concrete bridges.
Your task as the bridge designer will be to design four (4) bridge solutions using the prestressed concrete modular
bridge system. The design must align with the Australian Standards and any other standards that apply to its
construction. The site conditions have minimal variations, making it ideal for using the modular system design.
The modular system design is also endorsed by best practice guides that ensure a quality outcome.
Name one of the relevant Australian standards you could use in the bridge design.
(Question 1)

The design solution is to include the advantages of your design. In your answer, include a reference to its
construction method, durability, council guidelines, and other benefits. (Question 2)
You are to follow and complete the following requirements:
 Using CADD software, draw detailed construction drawings for each solution on a scale of 1:10 or 1:10.
 The final design for the site is to be certified.
 Follow all WHS requirements during the bridge design, including the site investigation, construction and
operations.
Your design must follow the state and local council guidelines. Note that councils adopt different practices
according to their policies and procedures, ensure you apply practices accordingly.
Seek advice and guidance from your Supervisor to successfully develop the bridge solution for your site.
The design will utilise information and data gathered from the research and investigation, including information
gathered from the site investigation. Assume your site investigation resulted in a Class S soil type.
Soil Classification to be used:
Class Foundation

A Most sand and rock sites with little or no ground movement from moisture changes

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 S Slightly reactive clay sites with only slight ground movement from moisture changes

Moderately reactive clay or silt sites which can experience moderate ground movement
M
from moisture changes
Highly reactive clay sites which can experience high-ground movement from moisture
H
changes
Extremely reactive clay sites which can experience extreme ground movement from
E
moisture changes

A to P Filled sites — see AS 2870

Sites that include soft soils, such as soft clay or silt or loose sands; landslip; mine
P subsidence; collapsing soils; soils subject to erosion; reactive sites subject to abnormal
moisture conditions or sites that cannot be classified otherwise

Note: For classes M, H and E, a further division based on the depth of the expected movement is required. For
deep-seated movements, characteristic of dry climates and corresponding to a design depth of suction change Hs,
equal to or greater than 3 m, the classification shall be M-D, H-D or E-D as appropriate. For example, H-D
represents a highly reactive site with deep moisture changes, and H represents a highly reactive site with shallow
moisture changes
Identify the sequence of the process of designing and constructing the bridge.

(Question 3)

The design development

Trainer role – Certified Engineer and Council Authority.

The bridge's design must be certified by the relevant authorities (Note: in this case, your Trainer will assume the
position of the relevant authority).
As the designer, you must ensure that all loads are transmitted to the foundation.
Other tasks you will need to carry out are:
Obtain waterway and geotechnical information specific to your site (Research the internet to obtain geotechnical
information relevant to your site)
Obtain traffic and road design information related to the area to identify the volume of traffic using the existing
bridge.

Complete all bridge design drawings using CADD. Draw an Elevation of the bridge on a scale of 1:100 and a
Typical Section of your bridge design on a scale of 1:10 or 1:20 including all dimensions. Submit all sketches and
photos in the development of your design.
Below is a sample of a Site Plan with contours. Your site must include a similar plan.

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Below is a site section that demonstrates the stream's depth and the approximate water level. This should be
considered in your bridge design.

Design Review

Trainer – Council authority

Colleagues – Stakeholders

You will undergo design review stages with stakeholders (Note: your colleagues will assume this role). The stages
will include the following:

Stage one: 20% of concept design, stakeholders will provide feedback

Stage 2: 80% detailed design showing major completion of the bridge design with notes and dimensions; council
and stakeholders will provide feedback.

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Stage 3: 100% completed design; council comments to be provided showing that all requirements have been met.

The feedback is to be collected and provided in the register of design comments table provided below

Ensure all design work and documentation is submitted and filed according to company policy and procedure.

Use the template below to record a design review plan. (to be submitted)

Use the template below to record a design review plan. (to be submitted)

Design Review Required

Object of Activity Timing/Date Reviewers
Point Records

Example:

Review and amend

Project Manager Letter
design standards.
Ensure design includes Review report
Internal and
Preliminary inputs from Before commencing the
External Authority Contractor
Design investigations. Ensure detailed design
design meets External responses
stakeholder Stakeholders Meetings
expectations.

Use the template provided to complete your design review, including feedback from stakeholders, council
authority, experts or colleagues. (to be submitted)
Ite Date Review Aspect Design Sheet/S Revie Respo Respon Sta Close
m er(s) (e.g. D- Component/ ection w nse Respo se date tus out
initials Design, Discipline com and nse (initial
C- ment action by s&
CADD/Dr (Disci date)
afting) pline
and
initial
s)

Example:
To be
compl
eted
by
Drafting To be Super
20/01/ anothe 27/01/2 01/02/
1. RL D Design N/A compl visor - 0
2023 r 023 2023
solution eted JC
person
in a
discipli
ne

2.

3.

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The modular system consists of precast components that are assembled on-site. This innovative installation
method aids quick construction with minimal disruption to the surrounding area.
The following considerations are to be included in your design:
 Barrier impact (assume the area is categorised as low performance for the barrier design due to the
regional location and the majority of traffic being light vehicles)
 Seismic activity and earthquakes
 Water flow forces, including flooding
 Heavy braking forces, SM1600 traffic loading to ensure the heavy vehicle loads do not exceed the bridge
design loads
Your Engineer (i.e., Trainer) will verify and certify your bridge design to ensure it is according to Australian
Standards AS 5100.
The bridge design below shows components of a bridge design that you should consider. Complete the
components in the following diagram by allocating the items on the list to the correct component.

(Question 4)

 Bearing
 In-situ concrete closure strip
 Dowels
 Grout
 Internal precast concrete module
 Precast reinforced concrete pier headstock
 Thrie beam
 External precast concrete module
 Shear key plinth
 Sealant deck joint
 Thrie beam connection bracket
 Sill beam and wingwall projected reinforcement for in-situ concrete stitch pour
 Precast reinforced concrete driven pile
 Abutment curtain wall
 Precast concrete deck module
 Module holding down bracket
 Precast reinforced concrete abutment sill beam
 Low-performance level steel traffic barrier railing

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Bridge Components

As the bridge designer, you are to consider the following components:

Deck Modules – The deck modules you must consider in your design should be a minimum of 600mm deep
precast prestressed concrete double T deck modules, as shown in the diagram. Ensure the width and length of your
bridge design is appropriate and according to the design criteria.

Traffic Barriers – The bridge design will assume a low risk and adopt a low-performance level barrier. The traffic
barrier will follow AS 5100.

Bearings – The bearings are to be mounted on gout pads. These will be levelled on-site to facilitate the installation.
Holding Down and Restraint Brackets – The restraint brackets will be prefabricated and made of galvanised steel
sections. They will be anchored to the deck and headstock using bolts and provide vertical restraint and, if
necessary lateral and longitudinal restraint if your design requires it.

Precast headstocks – The precast concrete pier headstocks are to be 850mm wide and 800mm deep. The number
of piles to be used will depend on the length of your bridge design and must satisfy AS 5100.

Precast Abutment Sill Beam – The precast abutment sill beam is 800mm wide and 800mm deep. They should be
used in your bridge design to suit the number of block outs and pile/column support.

Precast Wingwall – The precast wingwall will be made from reinforced concrete. They will be mounted on the traffic
barriers and should be designed for cantilever lengths of 3.5m to 4.5m.

You are to design three (3) types of bridges.

1. Single lanes with closure pour (4.2m carriageway) – span is 8m in length
2. Two lanes with closure pour (8.5m carriageway) – span is 10m in length
3. Single lanes without closure pour (4.2m carriageway) – span is 12m in length

Note: All notes are to be included in the drawings in a box under the heading Notes.

1. The design with the single lane with closure pour will have the following details:
Two precast prestressed concrete double-T modules.
The carriageway will be 4.2m in width and carry one traffic lane.
The curb will be 150mm high.
The traffic barrier will be 800mm in height.
The foundation will be according to the site conditions, and you will use the developed substructure of 4
Nos 450mm square precast driven piles.

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2. The design with two lanes with closure pour will have the following details:
Four precast prestressed concrete double-T modules.
The carriageway will be 8.5m in width and carry two lanes of traffic.
The curb will be 150mm high.
The traffic barrier will be 800mm in height.
The foundation will be according to the site conditions, and you will use the developed substructure of 4
Nos or 5 Nos 450mm square precast reinforced concrete driven piles.

3. The design with the single lane without closure pour will have the following details:
Two precast prestressed concrete double-T modules.
The carriageway will be 4.2m in width and carry one traffic lane.
The curb will be 150mm high.
The traffic barrier will be 800mm in height.
The foundation will be according to the site conditions, and you will use the developed substructure of 4
Nos 450mm square precast reinforced concrete driven piles.

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The Elevation Drawing must also be submitted along with the detailed section drawings.

Elevation

Once all your design drawings have been completed, they must be certified by the Engineer (i.e., your Trainer).

Safety Considerations

Ensure you consider all the risks associated with the design. Ensure you follow all safety guidelines and
requirements. Establish any hazards or risks identified throughout your bridge design process and recommend how
they can be resolved in the review process.

Name legislation you would use to adhere to the safety requirements.(Question 5)

List 2 Publications and/or Standards used in your bridge design. (Question 6)

Resources Required

Your Trainer and Assessor will provide you with the following resources to complete this task:
 Access to learner guide and other learning materials.

Timeframe

Your Trainer/Assessor will assign you a timeframe to maintain commercially realistic speed, time, and productivity.

Page 164 of 173

 Answer

Question 1:

Relevant Australian Standard

The Australian Standard AS 5100 - Bridge Design is applicable to this bridge design assessment. This
standard outlines the design criteria for various types of bridges, including structural loads, safety
requirements, and maintenance considerations. Compliance with AS 5100 ensures that the bridge will meet
the necessary safety and performance standards in Australia.
Question 2:

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Construction Method:
 Using precast pre-stressed concrete modular bridge system allows for quick assembly and
reduces on-site labour.

Durability:
 Precast pre-stressed concrete has high durability and resistance to environmental factors,
reducing long-term maintenance costs.

Council Guidelines:

 Aligns with council guidelines for using modular systems, ensuring compliance with local
regulations and standards.

Other Benefits:

 Minimal disruption to the surrounding area during construction.

 Higher quality control due to factory conditions for precasting.
 Enhanced safety for construction workers due to reduced on-site activities.

Sequence of the Process of Designing and Constructing the Bridge:

1. Initial Planning:
o Conduct a site investigation and gather geotechnical data.
2. Soil Testing and Classification:
o Perform soil testing to confirm classification and design foundations accordingly.
3. Design Concept Development:
o Develop initial bridge design concepts and use CADD software to create detailed drawings.
4. Preliminary Design Review:
o Review the concept with stakeholders and modify based on feedback.
5. Detailed Structural Analysis:
o Conduct structural analysis to ensure the design meets load-bearing requirements.
6. Final Design Documentation:
o Prepare final construction drawings and documentation for council and engineering
certification.
7. Approval and Certification:
o Submit the design for council approval and certification by a licensed engineer.
8. Construction Planning:
 o Create a construction schedule and establish WHS safety measures.
9. Foundation and Substructure Construction:
o Construct the foundation and substructure according to the design, based on soil conditions.
10. Superstructure Assembly:
o Assemble or cast superstructure components on-site or use pre-fabricated parts.
11. Final Inspection and Certification:
o Inspect completed construction to ensure compliance with design and safety standards.
12. Site Cleanup and Handover:
o Clear the site and conduct a final inspection before opening the bridge to the public.

Question 3: Detailed Design Considerations for Modular Bridge System

The modular bridge system incorporates precast components that are assembled on-site. This innovative
installation method enables rapid construction while minimizing disruption to the surrounding environment.
In designing this modular bridge, the following specific considerations are included:

1. Barrier Impact
o Given the location and regional traffic characteristics, the bridge design will assume a low-
performance barrier, as the majority of the traffic consists of light vehicles. The design
incorporates safety features to accommodate this classification, focusing on low-impact
loads.
2. Seismic Activity and Earthquake Resilience
o The bridge will be designed to withstand seismic forces according to local earthquake risk
levels. This includes implementing flexible joints and reinforced connections to handle
potential lateral and vertical movement, ensuring stability and integrity under seismic
activity.
3. Water Flow Forces and Flooding
o The bridge is designed to resist water forces, including potential flooding. Considerations for
water flow include elevating the bridge slightly above the known flood line and incorporating
drainage systems that divert water away from the structure. This helps maintain bridge
durability and prevents damage from water accumulation.
4. Heavy Braking Forces and Traffic Loading (SM1600 Standard)
o To handle heavy braking forces from vehicles, the bridge design follows the SM1600 traffic
loading standard. This ensures that the load from heavy vehicles does not exceed the bridge's
design limits. Reinforcements are incorporated to accommodate the potential impact from
vehicles decelerating abruptly.

Bridge Components Allocation:

Each component plays a specific role in ensuring the structural integrity, durability, and safety of the bridge.
Below is the allocation of components for the bridge design:

 Bearing: Provides support and allows for controlled movement to accommodate temperature
changes and load shifts.
 In-situ Concrete Closure Strip: Joins precast modules and improves the bridge’s structural
continuity.
 Dowels: Used to connect different precast components, ensuring load transfer and stability.
 Grout: Fills gaps between precast modules, creating a seamless bond and improving structural
cohesion.
 Internal Precast Concrete Module: Core component for structural stability, positioned internally
for load-bearing.
 Precast Reinforced Concrete Pier Headstock: Supports the deck and distributes load to the piles,
providing a strong structural foundation.
 Thrie Beam: Installed as part of the traffic barrier for additional vehicle containment.
  External Precast Concrete Module: Positioned on the bridge's exterior to provide structural
balance and lateral support.
 Shear Key Plinth: Prevents lateral movement between precast components, adding stability.
 Sealant Deck Joint: Seals deck joints to prevent water ingress and allow for thermal expansion.
 Thrie Beam Connection Bracket: Connects the thrie beam to the main structure, securing the
barrier in place.
 Sill Beam and Wingwall Projected Reinforcement for In-situ Concrete Stitch Pour: Provides
additional reinforcement and load distribution to the bridge abutments.
 Precast Reinforced Concrete Driven Pile: Foundation element that transfers the bridge load to the
ground, ensuring stability.
 Abutment Curtain Wall: Serves as a retaining wall at the bridge ends, supporting lateral loads.
 Precast Concrete Deck Module: Forms the bridge deck, providing the primary platform for
vehicular traffic.
 Module Holding Down Bracket: Secures precast modules to prevent displacement.
 Precast Reinforced Concrete Abutment Sill Beam: Acts as a base for the abutment, distributing
loads to the foundation.
 Low-Performance Level Steel Traffic Barrier Railing: Provides vehicle containment and safety,
aligned with the bridge’s low-performance barrier requirements.

Each of these components works together to create a safe, efficient, and durable bridge structure that meets
local design requirements and minimizes environmental impact. The modular design approach allows for
streamlined assembly, enhances quality control, and ensures compliance with local council guidelines.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Question 4: Step-by-Step Process for the Design and Construction of a Modular Bridge with Assumed
Analysis

Designing and constructing a modular bridge involves several critical steps, from initial planning to final
certification. The following details each phase, incorporating an assumed analysis based on the site’s Class
S soil classification.

1. Initial Planning and Site Investigation

 Site Analysis and Soil Classification: Begin by conducting a thorough site investigation. Assume
a Class S soil type, which consists of slightly reactive clay with minimal ground movement from
moisture changes. This soil type allows for a stable foundation but requires design considerations
for slight seasonal moisture variations. The investigation also gathers data on the water table,
environmental factors, and load-bearing capacity.
 Regulatory Compliance: Ensure the design aligns with local council guidelines, state regulations,
and Work Health and Safety (WHS) standards. Compliance is crucial to address environmental
impact, load requirements, and safety regulations specific to bridge construction.

2. Structural Analysis

 Load Analysis: Given the assumed soil classification, the design must account for SM1600 loading
conditions to support light vehicle traffic. Analyze and incorporate assumptions on load-bearing
requirements and potential seasonal moisture shifts affecting the soil, which could result in minimal
ground movement.
 Geotechnical Analysis: Assume minor soil displacement due to moisture variation; design
foundations and joints to allow for slight expansion and contraction. Ensure that abutments, decks,
and other critical components are resistant to minor ground movements.
  Material Assumptions: Select precast concrete as the primary material for its durability and
suitability for modular systems. Ensure each component meets required safety factors, particularly
at joints and load-bearing connections, to handle expected load stresses.

3. Design Development

 Bridge Type Selection: Opt for a modular bridge structure that leverages precast components,
minimizing on-site work and disruption to the surrounding area.
 Component Detailing: Develop scaled, detailed drawings (1:10) for each modular component,
including abutments, piers, deck modules, and barriers. Each drawing should reflect compliance
with Class S soil standards, ensuring components are designed to handle slight ground
movements.
 Barrier and Load Requirements: The bridge will include low-performance barriers suited for light
traffic. Design these barriers with adequate strength to manage SM1600 loads while considering
any potential effects of ground movement due to moisture.
 Review and Certification: Submit the final design for certification, ensuring it meets all regulatory
standards for soil stability, load-bearing, and durability.

4. Preconstruction Preparation

 Component Fabrication: Manufacture precast components in a controlled environment, improving

quality control and adherence to design specifications for Class S soil compatibility.
 Transport Logistics: Organize transportation of modular components to the site, factoring in
logistics for safe handling and site layout.
 Site Preparation: Clear and level the site, install temporary barriers, and implement WHS-
compliant environmental controls such as sediment control measures.

5. Foundation Construction

 Piling and Foundation Setup: Install driven concrete piles to provide a stable foundation, taking
into account the assumed minor soil movement from moisture variations. Reinforce piles to handle
slight horizontal shifts without compromising structural integrity.
 Abutment Installation: Construct reinforced concrete abutments using precast sill beams, ensuring
they are properly secured to resist minor ground movement. These will serve as stable endpoints
for the deck modules.
 Curtain Walls: Build curtain walls for each abutment to retain soil and prevent lateral movement
that might occur due to slight seasonal soil shifts.

6. Superstructure Assembly

 Deck Module Placement: Sequentially position precast deck modules on the foundation, ensuring
proper alignment and secure fastening. Modules are designed to accommodate slight movement,
maintaining stability even with Class S soil conditions.
 Component Connections: Use in-situ concrete closure strips, dowels, and grout to connect
modules, allowing for flexibility and movement while maintaining load-bearing integrity.
 Sealing and Joints: Apply flexible sealant at deck joints to prevent moisture ingress and
accommodate minor thermal expansion and contraction due to soil movement. Shear key plinths
are also used to secure the deck and prevent lateral shifts.

7. Barrier and Safety Installations

 Traffic Barrier Installation: Install modular traffic barriers on each side of the bridge, reinforced to
handle minor ground movement without compromising safety.
 Safety Inspections: Conduct safety checks for barrier stability, alignment, and adherence to
council and safety standards.
8. Final Finishes and Quality Control

 Surface Finishing: Complete surface treatments to improve slip resistance and protect against
environmental wear.
 Quality Control Checks: Perform final checks on all joints, barriers, and connections to confirm
compliance with load-bearing and Class S soil standards.
 Environmental Cleanup: Dismantle temporary environmental controls and restore surrounding
land to its pre-construction state.

9. Final Certification and Handover

 Certification: Obtain final approval and certification from relevant local authorities, confirming the
bridge’s compliance with all regulations, including stability under Class S soil conditions.
 Handover: Officially transfer control of the bridge to local authorities for public use.
 Post-Construction Monitoring: Set up a monitoring schedule to observe the bridge’s performance,
with attention to any minor shifts in soil conditions over time.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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Page 167 of 173
Page 168 of 173
Design and performance review templates to be completed and submitted.

Design Review Required

Object of Activity Timing/Date Reviewers
Point Records

Example:

Review and amend design

Project Manager Letter
standards. Ensure design
Internal and Review report
Preliminary includes inputs from Before commencing the
External Authority Contractor
Design investigations. Ensure detailed design
External responses
design meets stakeholder
Stakeholders Meetings
expectations.

Use the template provided to complete your design review, including feedback from stakeholders, council authority,
experts or colleagues.

Resp
Aspect onse
Close
(e.g. D- Revie Respo by
Design Respo out
Ite Review Design, Sheet/S w nse (Disci Sta
Date Component/D nse (initia
m er(s) C- ection com and pline tus
iscipline date ls &
initials CADD/D ment action and
date)
rafting) initial
s)

Example:

To be
comple
ted by
Drafting To be anothe Super
20/01/ 27/01/2 01/02/
1. D Design N/A compl r visor - 0
2023 RL 023 2023
solution eted person JC
in a
discipli
ne

2.

3.

Page 169 of 173

 Performance Criteria/Assessor Checklist: Task 5 Geotechnical Report
Student Name:

Student ID No:
Final Completion
Date:
Does the candidate meet the following criteria

Geotechnical design solution

Did the student locate and apply relevant legislation, documentation, policies
Yes No
and procedures.
Did the student implement the requirements, procedures and techniques for
Yes No
the safe and effective completion of the activity.

3. Did the student use the equipment effectively and appropriately. Yes No

Did the student access and interpret the following:

 Work requirements Yes No

 plans Yes No

 drawings Yes No

 specifications Yes No

 design briefs Yes No

 engineering surveys Yes No

 geotechnical information Yes No

 hydrological, meteorological, cultural and heritage data Yes No

 test results of construction materials for civil concrete structures Yes No

 data for selecting options for civil concrete structures Yes No

 Geotechnical works selection data Yes No

 Graphic symbols used in drafting design and geology Yes No

Did the student communicate clearly and concisely with others to receive and
Yes No
clarify work instructions.

Did the student apply engineering graphical presentation techniques. Yes No

Did the student select and apply appropriate construction techniques. Yes No

Did the student provide clarification and advice in the design process. Yes No

Did the student comply with written and verbal reporting requirements and
Yes No
procedures.

Did the student maintain design and cost records. Yes No

Did the student ensure the geotechnical design was compliant. Yes No

Page 170 of 173

Did the student complete a design cost estimate. Yes No

Did the student apply the given design plans and develop a geotechnical
Yes No
design of the foundation.

Did the student participate in a design review with others. Yes No

Did the student seek feedback that contributed to the final design including
Yes No
recommended changes to the design for continuous improvement.
Did the student obtain design approval that satisfied all requirements and
Yes No
legislation.
Did the student submit an application for the development of the geotechnical
Yes No
design.
Did the student submit a planning permit and contribute to the validation of
Yes No
the design.

Did the student calculate

 Areas Yes No

 Volumes Yes No

 Densities Yes No

 Percentages Yes No

 Grades Yes No

Did the student submit a specification of the design works. Yes No

Did the student submit all the work for the activity including relevant notes
Yes No
such as calculations, sketches and photos.

Did the student complete the following CADD Drawings:

 Elevation (Scale 1:100 or 1:50) Yes No

 Section of the bridge for each solution (i.e. three) in Scale 1:10 or 1:20 Yes No

Did the student obtain, read, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements. Yes No

Did the student Obtain, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements Yes No

Did the student Access, interpret and apply documentation required for
detailed civil concrete structures design and confirm work activity is Yes No
compliant
Did the student Prepare design plan according to resourcing and design
Yes No
requirements
Did the student Obtain, interpret and analyse required data and identify
Yes No
design options for civil concrete structures according to job requirements
Did the student Interpret and analyse design options for civil concrete
Yes No
structures and recommend design option according to job requirements
Did the student Develop and complete detailed design of civil concrete
Yes No
structures according to job requirements
Did the student Prepare cost estimate for implementing design of civil
Yes No
concrete structures

Page 171 of 173

Did the student Participate in review of design of civil concrete structures
Yes No
with required stakeholders
Did the student Complete required documentation for design of civil concrete
Yes No
structures according to workplace requirements
Did sthe student Communicate and coordinate with personnel involved in
design process according to workplace requirements and within scope of Yes No
own role

Did the student Gain design approval from required authorities Yes No

Did the student Confirm design records are filed according to workplace
Yes No
requirements
Did the student Complete design cost and reporting requirements and deliver
Yes No
to required stakeholders
Did the student Participate in performance review of design process
Yes No
according to workplace requirements
Did the student Review client feedback and contribute to design verification
Yes No
according to workplace requirements

Did the student Close out systems according to workplace requirements Yes No

Did the student Contribute to the design validation process as required to

Yes No
meet job requirements
Did the student prepare detailed designs of civil concrete structures on at
Yes No
least two occasions

Did the student carry out risk assessments Yes No

Did the student evaluate design options for civil concrete structures Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data, including calculating:

 loads Yes No

 shear forces Yes No

 bending moments Yes No

 stresses Yes No

 areas Yes No

 volumes Yes No

 mass Yes No

 sizes of components for civil concrete structure Yes No

Was the design plan prepared with the best available resources. Yes No

Did the student identify and confirm the requirements and information for the
Yes No
geotechnical works project.

Did the student interpret and analyse data and do the following:

 Identify viable options Yes No

 Make a recommendation for the preferred option Yes No

Page 172 of 173

Did the student apply civil design techniques, including:

 computer aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting technology Yes No

 industry or government standard design software Yes No

 engineering graphical presentation techniques Yes No

Did the student work with others to prepare detailed designs of civil concrete structures in a way that
meets required outcomes, including:

 complying with reporting requirements and procedures Yes No

 communicating with others to receive and clarify work instructions Yes No

 communicating with others to coordinate work activities. Yes No

Did the student size the geotechnical works component. Yes No

Did the student develop and apply design plans. Yes No

Did the student interpret and analyse data to recommend options. Yes No

Did the student complete the activity in the allotted time and submit
Yes No
drawings, calculations and completed field sheet

Comments

Results Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Student Name
Student Declaration: I declare that I have been
assessed in this unit, and I have been advised of my Student Signature
result. I also am aware of my appeal rights.
Date

Assessor Name
Assessor Declaration: I declare that I have conducted
a fair, valid, reliable, and flexible assessment with this Assessor Signature
student, and I have provided appropriate feedback
Date

Page 173 of 173