1.

Introduction to Complex Sentences (10 minutes)

Material: Example Sentences for Review

 Sentence Examples for the Board:

o “If Paula calls, give her my message.”

o “When the bell rings, we will go to lunch.”

o “I’ll help you with your homework after I finish mine.”

 Instructions for Students:

o Identify the clauses: Ask students to underline the subordinate clause and
circle the independent clause in each example.

o Discussion Prompts:

 What is the role of the underlined part?

 Can the underlined part stand alone?

2. Teaching Subordinate Conjunctions (15 minutes)

Material: Subordinate Conjunction Word List

 Word List (organized by type) for the Whiteboard:

Cause/ Mann
Time Condition Contrast
Effect er

after, before, when, while, because, if, unless, although, as,

until since though while how

Handout: Example Sentences for Each Group

 Time:

o "I will wait here until you come back."

o "We started the game after the rain stopped."

 Cause/Effect:

o "She is tired because she didn't sleep well."

o "He succeeded since he worked hard."

 Condition:

o "You won’t pass the test if you don’t study."

o "You can’t go out unless you finish your homework."

 Contrast:
 o "She was smiling although she was sad."

o "He spoke loudly while everyone else was silent."

 Manner:

o "She solved the problem as I explained."

o "He sings how he feels."

Instructions for Students:

 Review the types of subordinate conjunctions, using examples from the handout.

 Ask students to suggest their own sentences and write them on the board.

3. Guided Practice: Building Complex Sentences (20 minutes)

Material: Worksheet for Matching Clauses

 Worksheet Activity: Match the independent clause on the left with a suitable
subordinate clause on the right using a conjunction.

Independent Subordinate
Conjunctions
Clause Clause

I will come to the ...it was raining

because, if, after
party outside.

She ran to the bus ...you tell me the

unless, although, if
stop truth.

We will leave the until, because,

...the bell rings.
house when

You can’t play ...you finish your unless, although,

outside dinner. after

Instructions for Students:

 Ask students to write the complete complex sentence by choosing the correct
conjunction and pairing it with the appropriate clause.

 Check answers together as a class.

 Worksheet: Advanced Practice with Subordinating Conjunctions

Name: ___________________

Date: ___________________

Part 1: Complete the Sentences (10 points)

Complete each sentence using the most appropriate subordinating conjunction from the
list below.

after | because | if | although | until | while | since | unless | when | as

1. The city council will impose stricter traffic regulations ________ pollution levels
continue to rise.

2. The government introduced new laws ________ several protests had taken place in
the capital.

3. ________ the economic crisis has subsided, investors remain cautious about the
market.

4. Many countries have taken measures to reduce waste ________ it significantly

affects the environment.

5. The population of the city grew rapidly ________ the discovery of gold in the region.

6. We need to conserve water resources ________ climate change is accelerating.

7. The athletes were determined to finish the race ________ they faced harsh weather
conditions.

8. You should submit the application form ________ the end of the week to be eligible
for the scholarship.

9. ________ the museum was undergoing renovations, some of its exhibitions

remained open to the public.

10. ________ we were discussing the new project, several innovative ideas were
proposed.

Part 2: Match and Transform (10 points)

Step 1: Match the Clauses

Match the independent clauses in Column A with the most suitable subordinate clauses
in Column B.

Column A (Independent Clauses):

1. The company decided to invest in renewable energy

2. The student received a scholarship to study abroad

 3. The team was able to win the championship

4. The city announced plans for new infrastructure

5. She pursued a career in medicine

Column B (Subordinate Clauses):

A. ________ the city’s population is expected to grow significantly.

B. ________ there was strong support from local communities.
C. ________ it was a field she was passionate about.
D. ________ she excelled academically and demonstrated strong leadership skills.
E. ________ it recognized the urgency of addressing climate change.

Step 2: Transform the Matched Sentences

Rewrite the matched sentences to form grammatically correct and complex sentences.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Part 3: Create Complex Sentences (10 points)

Use the subordinating conjunctions provided to form complete complex sentences

related to global issues such as climate change, technology advancements,
education, or healthcare.

1. Subordinating Conjunction: while

2. Subordinating Conjunction: unless

3. Subordinating Conjunction: since

 o

4. Subordinating Conjunction: as

5. Subordinating Conjunction: although

Part 4: Error Analysis (10 points)

Each of the sentences below contains an error related to the subordinating conjunction
or sentence structure. Identify and correct the error.

1. She decided to study environmental science although she wanted to understand

more about climate change.

o Corrected: ________________________________________________________________

2. The factory continued its operations until the government had ordered its closure.

o Corrected: ________________________________________________________________

3. If we will invest more in clean energy, we can reduce carbon emissions

significantly.

o Corrected: ________________________________________________________________

4. The students were eager to learn as the teacher had prepared an engaging lesson.

o Corrected: ________________________________________________________________

5. When he will complete his studies, he plans to work for a non-profit organization.

o Corrected: ________________________________________________________________

Part 5: Writing Task (10 points)

Write a short analytical paragraph (4-5 sentences) on one of the following topics, using
at least three subordinating conjunctions from the list provided.

Topics:

 The impact of renewable energy on the environment

 The challenges of global urbanization

 The importance of technological advancements in education

Paragraph:

Total Score: ____ / 50