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Functions in Python

Python

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kengeeky2005
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3 views

Functions in Python

Python

Uploaded by

kengeeky2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions are a fundamental part of programming.

They allow you to group


together related code and reuse it throughout your program.

Standard library functions

Python has a large standard library that includes many built-in functions.
These functions can be used to perform a variety of tasks, such as
mathematical operations, file manipulation, and network communication.

For example, the following code uses the math.pi function to calculate the
circumference of a circle:

Python
import math

radius = 5

circumference = 2 * math.pi * radius

print(circumference)

This code will print the following output:

31.41592653589793

User-defined functions

You can also define your own functions. This allows you to customize the
functionality of your program and create reusable code blocks.

For example, the following code defines a function called greet(), which
takes a name as an argument and prints a greeting to the console:

Python
def greet(name):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("Alice")

This code will print the following output:


Hello, Alice!

Parameter passing

When you call a function, you can pass arguments to it. These arguments are
known as parameters.

For example, the following code calls the greet() function and passes the
name "Alice" as an argument:

Python
greet("Alice")

The greet() function will receive the name "Alice" as a parameter and print a
greeting to the console.

Global variables

Global variables are variables that can be accessed from anywhere in your
program. This can be useful for sharing data between different parts of your
program.

However, it is important to use global variables carefully, as they can make


your code difficult to understand and maintain.

Default parameters

You can specify default values for parameters in your functions. This allows
you to call the function without passing any arguments, and the default values
will be used instead.

For example, the following code defines a function called


greet_with_default(), which takes a name as an argument and prints a
greeting to the console. The function has a default parameter of "Bard", so if
you call the function without passing an argument, the name "Bard" will be
used instead:

Python
def greet_with_default(name="Bard"):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet_with_default()
greet_with_default("Alice")

This code will print the following output:

Hello, Bard!
Hello, Alice!

Recursion

Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself. This can be used to


solve complex problems that can be broken down into smaller subproblems of
the same type.

For example, the following code defines a recursive function called


factorial(), which calculates the factorial of a number:

Python
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5))

This code will print the following output:

120

Functions as data

Functions can also be treated as data in Python. This means that you can
pass functions as arguments to other functions and store them in variables.

For example, the following code defines a function called greet(), which
takes a name as an argument and prints a greeting to the console. The code
then creates a variable called greeter and assigns the greet() function to it.
Finally, the code calls the greeter() variable to print a greeting to the
console:
Python
def greet(name):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greeter = greet

greeter("Alice")

This code will print the following output:

Hello, Alice!

Conclusion

Functions are a powerful tool for writing efficient and reusable code. By
understanding functions, you can write more complex and sophisticated
programs.

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