computed neTwok kin a ra ; rat ace ng [in USA provide RCE As uppetat_fo (ee pasit of : | Tadia.. aS hoxing of tate — cai-th th tT asy S| 4 ue mea I t Ww —— t too _anethen. Cithespective thein = ae hic loc atton | | 3) Easy haning of Handwase Resounce= |= — ee | easy fo_Shané —and—ins'tall OE ——Softwrame © Prom one computer See —onothen computen syste 2 ee - oe Proc oe Ros sy to__Pecentnalize Datz tS —Thesagh ing spss it te ea = ee to_clecenTrali the data moet yeaa aan eee ae eee Contre oy _ aes suite gud —uaanage™ the * imp a vant lita isa Communicate — Git ee | ae neturnking abe) | Coma ui antian n h Nout hee | = aa = 2 ae effec ten fru9 al aud fact. —the _ Pee yet. Communication ane tet echt, 4g Video me Eppes of eae fe ee ea f lide ght Anes stat Ga Ate ethical, Cas ) a | es opel = dt ie he ee ane is the thckagag of —— sh ates Sata[yy a pe Ati —a_ system of _netwonk re =a os Bh os mally _cévens_a__lamge ose an a Cay pa ge Ee Ste Clete camer ive = ious & mo netwoh ot. f | Ps as a “(ano geagnaphical anea Sacre the ewe rnld fogs ritenmct cay 1 HE yet of Metwosnk auch tg il eean = To- Peeh netwonk — "as | ——— = — 21) Been To = Pee — e—|___which all the _computens ane inke a ial nespensibilitic Px, pio Ce ag he data |_* Peeh-To= Pees netuionk is usefl Gn small es aAVihon mend: US wy tp to do compete a ; f f _—___*, Peen~To-feen netwonk has no dedicated Senven ——#4t ic (ess costly as it does net cantain oe dedicated enveh ———* there will be a pas blere Can anisez a Cliewl /senved — ae ean aaa med ciel ae een lie alent ae Ae sounce Such as ong fae ete os Thaw a __cewtnal aup: ite Known Say, aeenn (oma ey tse foe Known a ace ee ell o+then Computens in ~ =the _netisank | BX eee) |S ae a ee ee ee ea aay -—_| ae cc hierct [eompaten y | a _ | = (iewt [Mobile pte Senne | 5 cli nit [Compvtene} ae a Communication System A Communication At Sys em__icg a ystew model that decea Phe the _—- a Ommunicahon exchange between tus | ite Xaction: Tnansvitten aud Hectiven. al_on inbsmation t processed fea. adnce “te destination though a channel oe fe Ly es of Ommunicatien Pi = based on ee phy sical infra: Eu cty Ge Bs —___The ne se tas +4 es of Communic atton | ee onan instil don une ph (Cal wena cty och s te ‘ wit qa. t ae - Radia Communication 3s te, ~~ Dn of.tnes c muni cation SyThent is o phycical line calles re xl a ae = yne channel between the ‘fronsmitfes > Pe Qrecelven in _a_line Communicetion cu SNe —_— ; —— 6 __ujheneas im Nnadio Commaunication — fe cre pe heer is hn dedicated physical - pth. between the ‘tnansmittes: and © ne cetven. Cuwineless Communication) nubes= —Sigual specification “thet ane used ~ Some “p clecide the Type Te ecm ae ation ae 4 a yctews ane — I Me mlOlchinelnl.0 ba cokande Cirfosunation signal). fj fc 0 a Wy - the Communication syste ane = p10 Analas uni cottian su.stte ee OMe rt communication ayer Hovg. J g Receives i Ie E 7 cm Recieved sigualeg Signal = when data is send oven a psteal eli lt need pm (ted __iwto electhowa. Finest anon ae “Signal ea Saye Gol Meredith twat Sypesn ~ Ss “serine ~ a Rignallt a a Oo fee ——2_bigital Signal = igita ignal He descents z lia waohone and a piesent BS ie ue pi fees Gee = a * 2 ne ae AG Su ot cigttal Compiiten Sy 4 ‘le ona Cass item disk jem gies = a icattoy — nicatedl / stew 7 Signal Gre o_o ey trans us itting Cra OUueniclee ailip ale clouatyinatielnl gs a Analog Signal 4 App Hopi ate a BEE howtt distoace Wine can “AN Pek ee ause uni cation — a [Receive n K—] Output k_fremedylaton ‘ * Madulaten — Medulation is the piaces ofh infohmation igual oF Ly, the high frequency). Canney ignal. EG tn destination —_-nigital signals ane ———_ NT abithe gy Haan cartinstous Vales keLP simeling pr compaunding Pewcrgeling ound — eke [seers] Enceden Shannel Encoden 1 Sone becedes js 7a. [Receiven js L] hour EAM oper neee minal ompanision between asaleg —G Panametens| __Awalas nigital _ = cs ae POlneinttion [Analog -contiuricatel siqitel casamsialecton Ul is the technology lis “the ee 4 a hich ras analeg | which us, digital signal — 1 Si { 0, 5 he " Thansmission of ae ston of | ( Biss infomation ba-For wa ott on te $2) Jae Eee COR epee Moise — nestontion a Noise £ pestontion é ——Probabilit, | is_high | is (oun. ae @ Handwate Hardware | Handwahe i -oupli cated and _less|-Plexikle thon anal i : |Plexthle than —| Sy Stew. digital system, =efh Bandas Teh 8 |e Ocoee eee | High — a = “nequine nent [ — | Berto a, i oo G_fowen |_ _High Lew a Doe ined = Hh ae 6 @_Modulotion _|Amolitide ond | Pulse Coded used __logle_maduletton _|m t ecw) n [Analog signal [At is he pnesented acme | fen be hephesented by —squane Wave. oe) thy Sine Nave G = u an = ie AW eo aes cation i G signa value. |consist of Iconsist of _ rae Cantinuey aluel discnefe value a! of 1 OL Example [Voice sound. | Comeuten efe. L SE ie (Sinaia ae aa Moise | —— Elliot, Communication medal —eNata cammnunlectigns ait nefens to He i [Po Sxchaing: el deta obeldieel ghee ~~ a_neceiven Data Communication id te he a local if cammuni cation device one ee eta ame building —o& a staat a hestaicted geographic {| asen = — S ee aBie eee tte eae toe / / : etre ta & Sift + Py rec f : a a eee Velnanll 0 ical_p ——________thrwigh which the mestage in | <5) (——__cantied fiom “sendea fo neceiven. A phe ttre! caw be ki othe Ue teatete a [A_ = SIESTA ~e@/] Pe HalO= duplex = Haas sfwo ditecton time. ___ A is sending, @ is Recelving : [A ee cnaeeee C (s neceiving, @ is Sending Ae ee Lf Call dup = dt is a ‘two coy dine ctton Communi Catton Simultancou. Le Bidi ne cHon Aerwv 2 - [geet pps a —nehuromk—pmectucel wasel a SO fivetenons—_pmsta cal I ee Oita log | me venming exchange of information in 4 Gy 2084 — Keliahle and secon ay A x a ie 2027 meade! 12 —echarnk —picta cal oe ell Pt eos ot tulle oy tt Seven _layens— a aca A = | eee = ese a Application loyem _ Application, layer cating __fnesentation lagen Pne sewtactta a S, Ee ih b of the nehuonk —Hrot fons cadiuag pplicationA, ion aye =. This (ayen is Cancers, ees on “hep sentatiag fl — claka s a i _ a — e a me cee sine 23 5S dt is_nesponsitle ann — be established a se. Hk! fetiseen turn ae NF exchange tne dota Leaps i, 4 Trans pest layetn EG trons mitted a ste Genta Jo Oeenae gona Sid: —_— _-Hre se ou —_Coutnal Pataca | 7a aes £ Tc pts Spon ible Gn bre ak ing up | 2 dota ot _clewt side and then neascIauh | E ieee pven_Side ame Be alg iat eer Cal es soa 1 & Sac lated iva aoe kts lagen = dt ews on suiitohing | : Fite neal ent ol CUP) ee ee (ouen a ny machine Connected ty) ~W,, aS Tutennet { Assianed uaidue addne q (ey “Hae _paot (iii oat ees identity, the —[salnce ond destination machine ° fo 67 Date i ( =layen using destinatton addness (TP address ae A a aye eas __ dt __alse i en damage test om up licate Frames, = 2 Se Hot connect the two { a systems that need to communicated. oaanages Samy ae du, pl x transmission » dt _als intentace | cade, | al Hand wa: interface like . cable ac ee label ete D 255 Tep/Te Gian on Canina PuoToce lay } peo _Intennet Psictocel ) — — tet cape i a oe ao enle non —aanchite je pudcel used? 5, —Com I Le Comm 01 \ \\ ie at a P| a —| aeae <5 rae tre. E : J ~ ae Ost 4s singe Thansmissin canta : BUS p, mae thle fn breakin Beceeratescticut side saws. the He assemble it on enved tek S?_Net work Lasse gs = Connection is establi using Tutennet Psatocol IO) ott tthe netwonk (aver Even. amachine cannected yp intennet | Bee addne by she protocol fo easily idewtit, aumice And destination machine’ | 4 4 Date Link Layen — Actual: datz Pransinission in bit 4f ree: (ils Logen Using ig an Openation of img _anrplitude on of connien stanal laneous amplitude of[OD B Bas a bal hs IRF Powen ampie Modul (afed om oe a : a ieee ee RF oscillaton | ue cy) = Radio quency | eens ea oie ave. 3 [eae aro aoe wo) ot a Taeaiencg #7 Tyne of Modulation — i “ Analog Modulation Ty 3) digitdl Modulation ee GE ed La es et Mads eran = = ia P Bahe Ev Encodi, ng = _Binendlian ts ake : af ug —vaninus | a HAY el 6 voltaa oh ~cubnent lable ~ ee to _nepuesent nw nd 9x6. 2ehaes > a a eee On he! | _— Ve — ‘transmission link ae anaes ae ie type of. Fincoding a a t © —Unipolan s a fe @) Bipolan — = a The late, neoding techniques ane di ded | if I, 4 in i | weto, following +t iP depending path “type | “ foe onVey Sian | _— | Analoa —adta__fr__anal i fl @ Anal PR nan, ipfl_dnd td Paes eed Ga = Cdl ISiaital dala + Liaite igual a5. o J aa it [_Sig — Tijs pndcess Con le termed as dif ie ation Si is clone. by os Sot Stina A Ny rs | ae SI a ae By the Wodulation “technique such a8 + TG Auspictude—shitt Keying cha se 7 ee a ee a Cesk) my fw Ph ae Keying ee f ) 4) bigital data te — lala ta digtal signal ——— _i me Milena ane Sevesal ways fa nanpping : _ digital data to gi tale 9c Ikon Retuan tn reno GReI: ff is divided inte} ; tuo types a> WR2-1 (Level) tomes uae ae 6 ie 1 * Alon Retusn to zeno (rire) — NRZ cade ha al Los oe high level and of ou _waltage level Vv 4. constant # Jd. #—___+that -the vaottage leve/ xemainaa oe ane sate =i Repnecents— digital 4 Tita too ttotet ich NVe2- {| . eae = a m ae —- 9) Repne sents digital dota: tootidao into | ITER aan (a ra | 92 No dinechon chang | ste) dlinactitnn selyan~ a ~ Sa — al ea oe a ea+ by Pamallel Tnansmicsion ~ = iS line en i 1G FALE are Ay pias. i [ames cat cael“y x Advantage RES Cuom) Neos the hepa alpty, the yl. ee tnausmission is possible nid vena he cantiguie . qd wv Bates, if ty 30) Time = division Mult al cnr [ Coigital Te chnigsd technique, “the channel / link 7} MO Sine Ameren tlreer uided between lhe e Lon +he channel. ae lA _panticulas “fue _ivteswal is alloted + cad leach _usen on the _clanuel and 4 See eles eae nt /clicen, ee POs oral es dotatale_2apnciy —tshoatd be omasch gnealen than thea 4 = Imote hat i he Gurhed — by. +he Sending | — land necelving bab yide nani Cincy | ee e _ bata Klos ~ a ein ais a FYE YY 43/31 /4]3/2] 1] a Siamese | 9 B (Tor is fimthen categorized inty wot we all Sy nchdtonoy Time -bivision Hui Hplesiag = ane this Technique, @ach a the apa u me ee Ve ual see le mil ses Wolk ending. “he dita: 4h poet Wacons 4 Thme lat Framen Framer Framed sowtechnique is easy “ty iw ole medt J Y a oo net tetmauce is duanauteed d advavilage.s i= CSyochnonoy BENG), “140 a sen has ne _dota to Tnancnit ay thet case me slots will get coasted. of thi WAsy nchnonaus Cime = Division Multiple ing. Ale ie ales lenin ae Srtieal seam Fn this ime lots ane not Fred SHrothen Hume Slots ane alle cated Au NOWMiCa Mat ond Het) of banduridth. M 5 seca] y | [Ateecune] BAL xae r = enous TDM) L aes 2. + bn this ulti xing 19-7 |, Fhene isan £ VA —jefficiewt use of “the — Tae —af | —_____ thonswission- De ie NE aS ae ae sin hi emai nemo cera eoes amt Butter addres Rear cremicme| needs | because ~thehe ake n epanate lots ee ASST oon eet ache ser this technique does net psrovicl a Lixed fesaHiaa, divine guasantee :bie Eialalert ea et ial eae ae lassified intn hyo “ype yh Gide Trae smi sian Hedi € a 2) Ungui ied — Ab og ess), US Guided Thansmission Mon wy — dt const cts, of physical, [anaes ore “Sounce eel dechuyation. | —thisnen gh a—uin it ts tbe. Da WMode cro Jot in ee stu ecalve:-(e alexa ares othen-yr ek pis a Ss er ee eee a arts peel a Comea pers Fala oo _tnancu ie — Ex Advaritages ot ~huisted pain Cable — ~ Os me diowa . — —F ty da stallion aot Goistay cable pain ond ee cable j Bee NSS KY J 5) uote i “The frequency “ange s twisted poaist cabl i ee te ae ean —twisfed pain Cable — t Me neducton in noise inten a ied gin = Gonetcl wae ean i we pneh aerieaeie he ae in B a_negvlam spinal tiem. The Y dl gine EB fefenmined bu the number pen teat _decneacec noice Sie Iceni oh ee ee topece “is Uae of ohng pen _ st. ducnedsing the number: of -pnne 1} tatesh hen = We oe 5 poe ne) iYa y ; ial Coble is very Common, | “fans naission media. Gs. examoled Ty Ye tswally a —canyial cable! ae —. | has a _highen frequency as Came a otis Cable . ma ae} Tiaiste d pau Melis made Up of Coppet _and 4 ovlen at 8 = — i is non-canductive oven that epanate he | innes onducton from the outen Conduct rol thonstening. wheneas the coppen imesh ea Spee? = ute ntenence) ie oe me St mengah Membeht I a y — cladding —— P ‘cone i auiteln Sackel casey, | age No.a oF pemCE ile We ee uke weal Phin be ae See ne ie Gee at. a ae Padeea] f flight al: i | Whe pla ct oot nite cis the oy, H ean aS heat cald { sacagne 21 intenfenence from cthres ty pes — fo ea Wiking SE He | al 2 Fike optics provide Pacten date te [ thon Coppen wires -——thansuission thas pee electataa eee Bn communication ak a eS era a eae anes ae pe ontcal es ca coated in plastic 2 : WE Pao thie = sicaetea Gin ein Case mete -—— mote light sal beta suited ito the a - = _—* Basic elements af trhne sic Cable = eon = The optical fbne consicts of a |_ na nent stmand ef glace of | plastic Rrown Boelanners anaoenie = | aah Fhanusmission oveg of 4 i | —lioftt waves ane (nansmilled thorough sthe \ oY “fone ; a EY Sickel = the. profective cootin ee J jocks — of plastic_is ee NE = ay The main purpase of a Jackel > | Tacket= S) ic tp pnesenve the to _streng at absonb Shock and __extsa_ fibne protection, ~Y eee gs OPEN ads be as Ot hel 2) Unguided “Transm Medi Aw unguided Q ade Sa —_tnansiai scion” EY] “foanemits the electnama ic caves | eg ee Sets amas ium. Theneine 4 Known a celinele. ee, fee wi Sscon + Donec shich the el cTnemagneti + enengy _Can € lous Casily +2 Thene ane thnee types oct signals tnavsatted Hn 20g unguided medias ——_W Radio waves Michowave q—2)_ tote ned | ae i and can penetrate “thescugh | the ending On and ne ceiving 3 ku 4 Gta. AM and FH nad uf |———and condless phones —use—adio_ We Dente we inisie teas pa ee lag ae __ Taansmitten Radiowaves oy ama, | Antone. Dak. atom ee ; == Ef Ne paw 3 pak 36 ~~ @)Michowoves = dt is a tine of gk tmancmission. be. Tipe ssa era pga te = Berane alighted cath each ——{—o othe The _ disNance' veme d FG sthe |) aia | Range i 4 GHz - 206 Gt these an! a | ——wradton\, uses Som wobile phones | _——_Communteation and tele vision a re dn fo en a a eugene 1 ist /e au ale Wer ate ema Communication. They —cannat | I : Stocies The aa i intentehence betueen iy Stews + Ere quen iL Range 4 300 Ge ~YooTH zea sed tl EL Tv hemotes winele. WA0U Se. feta, aa oO -pninten, fc. 1 L the earth Station cud it aw L Stana\l, The om plified pli Le igual}“egy _netnonsmitted fo__anethen earth Satan, ‘ (me Covenage anea of ao Satellite, A _waichowave is mone thay the fesnestnial_ “—h, —— + Wai HOwndave - SS Sy mitnachans = Connects 7 ice ee ae a ———— Grinwe cit the ane dian eatdne) quae) AU Niet em ee they —asre. ee spe ific fon each thansmis Son wmedivu, —| Ris 4s Comnectgxs ane used in hwicted | os Se ee F- Type—_Conme ctogs fon _ Coaxial cables, “ang Dre aioe ran uu: ¥ ST connectnng ane used fan fibre — a —| __optic cables, __ a a — | Physical and Data wae Lowes iw a 4 larg = #t_is_stond in_Avtomsatic ne pent i neque ct also known as Automatic a ne. pe ot qu Sh : ais aoa cote Aaa iep I s Lcatio beta Communi okane Pound to be cunnupted on aa, duning the transmission _phocess ! i a —.___Automatic Repeat Request CARS) Z a [source] [Transmitter [fehannel | faeceiven th — a Encoder) fname Pirsig! fpenedotaty Send Acknowledge = Thene one tree main techniques fn detecting entonc in pas Sical ond dgt, : liv lagen ahe © Pasrity ae @yscveckcane |. @ crac CRe is a method of cletecting. accidertal — Pe i icott a eae: ee available on! beth endeh md -~Y ae! i ee ee blocks 1400 i Ahe division fot { ay = a =| Bim [196 = nomial guns clot alt. lon he | eee ed cai ie Cece efferent eae po omial op) > ay eee mec eis ike 1 ever: Anmula = generator tet YfotiJi100 000 : ; —-e —— | = My 0 ihe 257 Colo) addins three brizs =f) alata =. _ = yay rer OG © 6.6) E ee C Applying XaR gate) Hl CLRCOnnO a Sy (oud Ot Ogi20 =o) Coll i | 0091 9 | oy teeses PS ioe ORE G) ene Sizer aoe noe cme (oe emotion with the, division (tol. oS —~—1 della: (ooloo A= 4 =_ahit 7 Lui sion: (Lot (lot J(00 (00 000 I age Wo,Ooloo 000 U om 91009900 © a Aeucma QO(610000 IER Oti1o00 0 (OM Ooi1o 9 (eco aol ee : In(o O60 6969 —d00] = { n i ( “i port communication b/ur two | —- So Gg eet in lagen is a poiit | a Cova put nS on device alsiat ole wine in which data is tnanswmitted + oy I Reams) cont (cS =o “th fa {fonction of date lnk lagen 2 fame : have headen -fhat SONG ley Caorntron +— such as enon hecking Cole is i 3 Netwonk Layens| ie tin leaden Rack rnaiken ie Weve ae ne ee1 Frain ache ty ee Framing con be categonized An Son: 0 fired Size ERawming \: See | i size Foaming. eee = \ J D ee ine Framing — ie Ore ey p 4 __ Slee. ee a [no ae to provide bo ee i asiable—s Si Sine Eaoming = Vee to define the end of -the fname ining of the frome Oma wt be “Topologies i | # Netassnk topologie ane_wefened to the + anchitectone Vunden which we setup a Com pute netwouk . es il eT eh etwone stonalogies == t—~9 Bus Topaleg ee | pater, udtwonk type f v in which eveny ewer dud neta ja. cgi ee | Cea an 7 wa __One. end to Tt thanemits the data tna aa lsyr \ t ¥ ancthen in single dine ction Mo bidigne. SI —teatone jn bus topology Jt multipoint connection and —_a— now ah ea tTechnoloay because if -the backbone Laie pe ethale: topology Bioe@caia cher oa fi [We 3 7. (WISE at device ane connected to cach athe, | ~——n_a_hustopalogy then no of cables i. sequined fa Connect them i ne which i Kknouin backbone able Oo _ cal n—easily add d_memove devices fran the tnpolagies. f iN advantages of Gus Tapdogy = @) Fae pec re ams LO ma l( netwank up. CA We low ween ena atetlle Hla ahve dhl = = uy shew. uiill cnach on. GU AP the vertu divtacOotie anu) eee ' oe : J Es incneages Collisione in the netwonk » rorve(—) |=r ete te nee “ avoid ee eee pnotycols ane used like ~~ ploha—_--C SA Ccannicn Sense Multiple Access), yAced = SsuAlcA Scene Oe “ning topology ait a lasge domben of = nodes be cau if meane Glonts th i | send Same _clota To the last nade in it te sing topology with hundead vodes,—_" Be then date ih ave tn nae i pane | _S3 nad tn veaoch the (00 node ~ § F ——_| __to prevent data oss nepeatens ame used im -the netwouk. oe $2 [wa] h oe Tv. er OA tat oe of 4 tope ogy = —— met Cl The po ibility of _colliston is minimized —-——_| ! mer iy: a £ Ring “Topalog es = ieee wen WU Troublesho iting ig _difficutt in this topolagy devices b/s? stations. age No. i —U Adding ang hennevingis Pe Ee a, ie ik [central Hub | SaaS Secondany Gucci | pe ican ke —_ Di Laduautage f “Lpal i) wl sf the cevtnal hub ts Fail ne ewtine i iL I yy sVew _ge\ Rail. Zs ae ji — W |The cost i {nigh becadse of Joeul eer _ hub. a 4 { 7 in 7Sian Topology = dn stam fu 4 all the a devices aa ‘dd — Si Vv C Nee B10 evel jodie ul ah othen node Page No. |connected Ay he cevtnal node, Bae, Gi. The hub can be pass ve in net wine. C iv itages “of me ert palogy ae er io ) Each device ne quined onl one post cna acre vie) t aie cme nei at (50K ¢ ££ wiley uitase of stan Topole ey = Tr BF toe eeuteval bob fils the cshale : | Cee —{— oO Ey Gi he cost of 5 a Sa ree aii! wa] [% Hub Five Le device ane athen devic: be a panticulas chaunelMss Vie ad. eae one geome each othen in a —_mesh to pelea) the total no of posits thet _as —\—mequined by each device Le (Vee vat) [Snell Pavan a2. ee i a) WV Cv-4) ’ ean aulages ae Mesh “opalogy oh nee MNCs cot aueet Cstnang) . ie | § provides secuintty and —piiivacy. | Fastin ood_colignaan one dla | ; a cost. ao ble i high as bulk sining4 ‘E ! oe‘poket —Suillehing and cincyit swotte ty The et —sesttching is “the susitching technique” | Pitch etnememelga. is_seyit_in one go __ | pt ik is divided ato _smallen pieces and a! they — ase—seatinddualig. > ie ee eee mere - ae ey knots ac ck a unique _numben re ide Serer ae amen ad nH ondey = he ceiving code SS eo sad cs a ee Celle oe nt de ei anges re P ¢ | Packets wall end accno the netwoank toy } hawte st path as pessible « | to ‘AW the packets ane neassembled at | Re ceivi 9, en dae ins Colne cena 4 Ons packet is mis ii. on _Cunnusted Hi tag Gmc americana ei eee Ane _mae-ssageca ci Auge Audie a iso ees a. “ah : Geindvatn ative SNOT 8 | Ane tiwevia itehing ton lis establi ched then! 44 deci f Hy Palit nemain “ty exist Untill the connection Ii Tenminote d 1A Complete end ty end path wmuect exist —_ he-fntre the Communication tyke place a neal Naa telcuniste Aroma eee pov Sn asenAl We aad Voice —i video One ques Tsieya tie end to | neceiven then “the ecel em Send back | dedic te el P { avatlable on not. [Aftes % iving sthe ackwne hedgers evt ~ dedicated path © tronsfen the dat“Senden fo onal ah a pooesee Be ere Keates i ioteae 7 din public Yel phone | fon _Valce Transmission Can be. “hn femed att {wae “G} — has -hnee stens ae —=1@) Data _Thansfen = eg Cinautt Oe cannes:ag eS Ciheuit switchin ne O40 Ca of cineuit sitching. the NJ mauni cation clr See \ fasten as Campane packet I 2 1 i © Boe hac Lixed band cuidth . ay a = Ravdam Access Psraite ol m2 # disadvatlages of cincut swiitehing= fo expensive than packet} a—cdedi cted path 1.) L Connection :. Ree eee wing Ca a Al ou %) CSMA_ Ccannieh Sense tHultinle Acces] 3), CSMASeD Cea\lision detection) “csma/cA Ceallision Avoidance} } om GE eaaeton Gann tHultisl: Access Cooma) = | P To _wwinimize the chance of caolliston i thene Bue inchease a ey Get Amaicn el. p caelees ah Sense before tuancait on listen beling Hy, | —— Dg = Trans waission is baking place | [ese Wanne alee mn q s ry | Bic case hinie Transmission conner | taking plac i ce hs 4.) Sthilit, of collision hl exist | oe delay . i xe Lorton wo euse the i | medina and Pad it Tide | She fie StS car ee Gree hee en has wet heen he ceived eM f as =) a t— ; & ane 3 — < i prapogation delay. 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