Informa�cs Prac�ces Class 12

Ques�on Bank
Chapter 1: Python Pandas

1. What is Pandas in Python?

Ans. Pandas is a Python library used for data manipula�on and analysis.

2. What is a Series in Pandas?

Ans. A Series is a one-dimensional labelled array in Pandas that can hold any data type.

3. Write a Python code to create a Series with the following data: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].
Ans.
import pandas as pd
s = pd.Series([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])

4. Write a Python code to retrieve the first element of the Series created in ques�on 3.
Ans. print(s[0])

5. What is a DataFrame in Pandas?

Ans. A DataFrame is a two-dimensional labelled data structure in Pandas that can hold data of
different types.

6. Write a Python code to create a DataFrame with the following data:

Name Age Gender

John 25 Male
Mary 30 Female
Tom 35 Male

Ans.
import pandas as pd
data = {'Name': ['John', 'Mary', 'Tom'],
'Age': [25, 30, 35],
'Gender': ['Male', 'Female', 'Male']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

7. Write a Python code to retrieve the third row of the DataFrame created in ques�on 6.
Ans.
print(df.iloc[2])

8. Write a Python code to retrieve the Age column of the DataFrame created in ques�on 6.
Ans.
print(df['Age'])

9. Write a Python code to add a new column called "Salary" to the DataFrame created in ques�on
6.
Ans.
salary = [50000, 60000, 70000]
df['Salary'] = salary
print(df)

10. Write a Python code to sort the DataFrame created in ques�on 6 by Age in ascending order.
Ans.
df = df.sort_values(by='Age')
print(df)

Chapter 2: Impor�ng/Expor�ng Data between CSV Files and DataFrames

1. Write a program to read data from a CSV file where separator character is '@'. Perform the
following:
a) The top row is used as data, not as column headers.
b) Only 20 rows are read into dataframe.
Ans.
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("D:\\PythonProg\\Class12IP\\one.csv", header=None, sep='@')
print(df)

2. Write a program to read from CSV file Employee.csv and create a dataframe from it, Also set the
column Empno as index label:

Contents of Employee.csv File:

Ans.
import pandas as pd
D5 = pd.read_csv("E:\csv \\Employee.csv")
D5 = pd.read_csv("E:\csv\\Employee.csv", index_col= 'Empno')
Print(D5)

Chapter 3: Data Visualisa�on

1. How can you import Matplotlib library in Python?
Ans. You can import Matplotlib using the following code:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

2. Create a simple line plot using Matplotlib.

Ans. Line plot using Matplotlib:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

3. How do you add labels to myplot using Matplotlib?

Ans. You can add labels to your plot using the xlabel, ylabel, and �tle func�ons in Matplotlib.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.�tle('My Plot')
plt.show()

4. Create a line plot using the following data: x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] y = [10, 8, 6, 4, 2].
Ans.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 8, 6, 4, 2]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.�tle("Line Plot")
plt.xlabel("X-axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-axis")
plt.show()

5. Plot the following data on line chart:

Runs in Overs 10 20

MI 110 224

RCB 85 210

Ans.
import matplotlib.pyplot as mpp
overs = [10,20]
mi = [110,224]
mpp.plot(overs,mi,'blue')
rcb=[109,210]
mpp.plot(overs,rcb,'red')
mpp.xlabel('Runs')
mpp.ylabel('Overs')
mpp.�tle('Match Summary')
mpp.show()

6. Write code to plot a line chart to depict the run rate of T20 match from given data:

Overs Runs
 5 45

10 79

15 145

20 234

Ans.
import matplotlib as pp
overs = [5,10,15,20]
runs = [54,79,145,234]
pp.plot(overs,runs)
pp.xlabel('Overs')
pp.ylabel('Runs')
pp.show()

7. Plot following data on bar graph:

English: 56,78,90,34
Science: 65,77,54,32
Maths: 45,67,43,41
Ans.
import matplotlib.pyplot as pp
eng = [56,78,90,34]
sci = [65,77,54,32]
maths =[45,67,43,41]
pp.bar(eng,sci,maths)
pp.xlabel('Marks')
pp.ylabel('Subjects')
pp.show()

8. A company wants to analyze the sales of their products over the past year. Using Matplotlib,
create a line plot showing the monthly sales figures for each product.
Ans.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Sales data for the products
product1_sales = [1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000, 3200]
product2_sales = [800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000]
# X-axis labels for the months
months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
# Plot the sales figures for each product
plt.plot(months, product1_sales, label='Product 1')
plt.plot(months, product2_sales, label='Product 2')
# Add a �tle and axis labels
plt.�tle('Monthly Sales Figures')
plt.xlabel('Months')
plt.ylabel('Sales')
# Show the legend
plt.legend()
# Show the plot
plt.show()
9. A sports club wants to track the performance of their team over the course of a season. Using
Matplotlib, create a bar chart showing the number of wins, losses, and draws for each team in the
league.
Ans.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Number of wins, losses, and draws for each team
team1_stats = [15, 7, 3]
team2_stats = [12, 10, 3]
team3_stats = [9, 12, 4]
# X-axis labels for the teams
teams = ['Team 1', 'Team 2', 'Team 3']
# Set the width of the bars
barWidth = 0.25
# Plot the data as bars
plt.bar(teams, team1_stats, width=barWidth, label='Wins')
plt.bar([x + barWidth for x in teams], team2_stats, width=barWidth, label='Losses')
plt.bar([x + barWidth*2 for x in teams], team3_stats, width=barWidth, label='Draws')
# Add a �tle and axis labels
plt.�tle('Team Performance')
plt.xlabel('Teams')
plt.ylabel('Number of Matches')
# Show the legend
plt.legend()
# Show the plot
plt.show()

10.Create a histogram for the following data values.

data = [12, 18, 16, 23, 15, 16, 18, 21, 19, 17, 25, 14, 22, 24, 20, 18, 16, 19, 17, 16]
Ans.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Generate some sample data
data = [12, 18, 16, 23, 15, 16, 18, 21, 19, 17, 25, 14, 22, 24, 20, 18, 16, 19, 17, 16]
# Set the number of bins
num_bins = 5
# Create the histogram
plt.hist(data, bins=num_bins, edgecolor='black')
# Add labels and �tle
plt.�tle('Distribu�on of Data')
plt.xlabel('Data')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
# Show the plot
plt.show()
Chapter 4: Revision of Database Concepts

1. Differen�ate between primary key and foreign key.

Ans. A primary key is a field or set of fields in a database table that uniquely iden�fies each record in
that table. It must have a unique value for each record, and cannot contain null values. The primary
key is used to enforce referen�al integrity in a database and to create rela�onships between tables.
A foreign key, on the other hand, is a field or set of fields in one table that refers to the primary key
of another table. It is used to establish a rela�onship between two tables in a database. The foreign
key ensures that data in the referencing table (the table containing the foreign key) corresponds to
data in the referenced table (the table containing the primary key).
In simpler terms, the primary key is used to uniquely iden�fy a record in a table, while the foreign
key is used to reference a primary key in another table to establish a rela�onship between the two
tables.

2. Differen�ate between degree and cardinality of a rela�on.

Ans. In the context of database management systems, a rela�on refers to a table that contains rows
and columns, where each row represents a unique record or tuple, and each column represents a
specific atribute or field of that record. The degree and cardinality of a rela�on are two important
concepts that describe the structure of the table.
The degree of a rela�on refers to the number of atributes or columns in the table. For example, if a
rela�on has three columns (e.g., ID, Name, and Age), its degree is 3. In other words, the degree is the
count of the number of elements in each tuple of the rela�on.
On the other hand, the cardinality of a rela�on refers to the number of tuples or records in the table.
For example, if a rela�on has ten rows or records, its cardinality is 10. In other words, the cardinality
is the count of the number of tuples in the rela�on.

3. What are the limita�ons of file system that can be overcome by a rela�onal DBMS?
Ans. There are certain limita�ons of the file system than can be overcome by a rela�onal DBMS are
as following:
1. Difficulty in access: When you are using a file system you need an applica�on to access those files.
These applica�ons have their own limita�ons, or they are made in such a manner that they allow
only a few kinds of features. These files have a different patern, structure, and format. The database
can read all kinds of data in a specific format.
2. Data Redundancy: In a file system, you don't have an op�on to avoid duplicity of data. If you need
to use data in different files, you must insert them in those files also. It adds extra load on the system
and memory. In the database, you have a rela�onal model that allows rela�onship that maps data
between different tables.
3. Data Inconsistency: It is a process when users are working on a shared pla�orm. When a similar
file is loaded into a different computer system and any DML opera�on (Insert, Update, Delete) is
performed, then data inconsistency will occur. Means in one file it gets changed but not in all shared
files simultaneously.
4. Data Isola�on: The file system does not support any rela�onship or mapping. Hence it very difficult
to retrieve isolated data from different files.
5. Data Dependence: If any modifica�on is done in the format or structure of the file, all the related
applica�ons must be changed. Hence, it requires the upgraded version to access the data files.
6. Control data sharing: Whether it is a large or small organisa�on, data must be shared between
different users. Some of the files are accessed by specific people and some other files with some
other people. So, this type of sharing control is very difficult on file system.
4. A ____ is a property of the en�re rela�on, which ensures through its value that each tuple is
unique in a rela�on.
a. Rows
b. Key
c. Atributes
d. Fields
5. An atribute in a rela�on is a foreign key if it is the ______ key in any other rela�on.
a. Candidate
b. Primary
c. Super
d. Sub

6. Which of the following keywords will you use in the following query to display the unique values
of the column dept_name?
SELECT________ dept_name FROM COMPANY;
a. All
b. From
c. Dis�nct
d. Name

7. Data manipula�on language (DML) includes statements that modify the_____ of the tables of
database.
a. Structure
b. Data
c. User
d. Size

8. Data integrity constraints are used to :

a. Control the access and rights for the table data.
b. Ensure the entry of unique records in a table.
c. Ensure the correctness of the data entered in the table as per some rule or condi�on etc.
d. Make data safe from accidental changes.

9. Give some examples of DML commands. Or Write the name of any two DML Commands of SQL ?
Ans.
INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT and DELETE

10.What is a tuple?
Ans. A tuple refers to a row of a rela�on.

Chapter 5: SQL Func�ons

1. Write a MySQL query to display all the records from the "students" table.
Ans. SELECT * FROM students;

2. Write a MySQL query to display the names and email addresses of all the female students from
the "students" table.
Ans. SELECT name, email FROM students WHERE gender='female';

3. Write a MySQL query to display the number of students in each grade from the "students" table.
Ans. SELECT grade, COUNT(*) as num_students FROM students GROUP BY grade;

4. Write an MySQL query to display the names of all the students who have scored above 90 in the
"marks" table.
Ans.
SELECT students.name FROM students
INNER JOIN marks ON students.id=marks.student_id
WHERE marks.score>90;

5. Write a MySQL query to display the average score for each subject in the "marks" table.
Ans. SELECT subject, AVG(score) as avg_score FROM marks GROUP BY subject;

6. Consider a table named "sales" with the following columns and write query for a) to e)

id (int, primary key)

date (date)
product (varchar)
units_sold (int)
price_per_unit (float)
total_sales (float)

a) Write a MySQL query to display the total number of units sold across all products.
Ans. SELECT SUM(units_sold) AS total_units_sold FROM sales;

b) Write a MySQL query to display the average price per unit across all products, rounded to two
decimal places.
Ans. SELECT ROUND(AVG(price_per_unit), 2) AS avg_price_per_unit FROM sales;

c) Write a MySQL query to display the date of the first sale recorded in the "sales" table.
Ans. SELECT MIN(date) AS first_sale_date FROM sales;

d) Write a MySQL query to display the product that generated the highest total sales.
Ans.
SELECT product FROM sales ORDER BY total_sales DESC LIMIT 1;

e) Write a MySQL query to display the total sales for each month of the year, ordered by the month
in ascending order.
Ans.
SELECT MONTH(date) AS month, SUM(total_sales) AS total_sales
FROM sales
ORDER BY month ASC;
7. Consider a table named "sales" with the following columns:
id (int, primary key)
date (date)
product (varchar)
units_sold (int)
price_per_unit (float)
total_sales (float)

Write MySQL queries to solve the following ques�ons:

a) Display all sales records for the year 2022.

Ans. SELECT * FROM sales WHERE YEAR(date) = 2022;

b) Display the total sales for each quarter of the year 2022.
Ans.
SELECT QUARTER(date) AS quarter, SUM(total_sales) AS total_sales
FROM sales
WHERE YEAR(date) = 2022
GROUP BY quarter;

c) Display the average number of units sold per day for the month of January 2022.
Ans.
SELECT AVG(units_sold) AS avg_units_sold_per_day
FROM sales
WHERE YEAR(date) = 2022 AND MONTH(date) = 1;

d) Display the date of the earliest sale and the date of the latest sale recorded in the "sales" table.
Ans. SELECT MIN(date) AS earliest_sale_date, MAX(date) AS latest_sale_date FROM sales;

8. Consider two tables named "students" and "courses" with the following columns:

Table "students":
id (int, primary key)
name (varchar)
age (int)
email (varchar)
course_id (int, foreign key references courses.id)

Table "courses":
id (int, primary key)
name (varchar)
instructor (varchar)
credits (int)

Write MySQL queries to solve the following exercises:

a) Add a new student named "John" with an age of 20, email "[email protected]", and course ID
of 1.
Ans. INSERT INTO students (name, age, email, course_id) VALUES ('John', 20, '[email protected]',
1);

b) Add a new course named "Data Structures" with an instructor named "Jane Doe" and 3 credits.
Ans. INSERT INTO courses (name, instructor, credits) VALUES ('Data Structures', 'Jane Doe', 3);

c) Update the email of the student with ID 2 to "[email protected]".

Ans. UPDATE students SET email = '[email protected]' WHERE id = 2;

d) Display the name of the course taken by the student with ID 3.

Ans.
SELECT courses.name
FROM courses
INNER JOIN students ON courses.id = students.course_id
WHERE students.id = 3;

e) Delete the course with ID 4 and all students enrolled in that course.
Ans.
DELETE FROM students WHERE course_id = 4;
DELETE FROM courses WHERE id = 4;

9. What is the meaning of Remark LIKE "%5%5%";

a. Column Remark begin with two 5s
b. Column Remark ends with two 5s
c. Column Remark has more than two 5s
d. Column Remark has two 5s in it, at any posi�on.

10.In SQL, which command(s) is/are used to change a table's structure/characteris�cs?

(a) ALTER TABLE
(b) MODIFY TABLE
(c) CHANGE TABLE
(d) All of these

11.Rachna Mital runs a beauty parlour. She uses a database management system(DBMS) to store
the informa�on that she needs to manage her business. This informa�on includes customer
contact details, staff names, the treatments that the parlour offers (for example, ''Hair Massage'')
and appointment that customers have made for treatments. A separate appointment must be
made for each treatment.
The details are stored in a database using the following four rela�ons:
Customer: (CustomerID, FirstName, LastName, TelephoneNumber, EmailAddress)
Staff: (StaffID, FirstName, LastName, IsQualified)
Treatment: (TreatmentName, Price, TimeTaken, NeedsQualifica�on)
Appointment: (CustomerID, TreatmentName, ApDate, ApTime)

• The IsQualified atribute for a member of staff stores one of the value True or False, to indicate if
the member of staff is fully qualified or not.
• The NeedsQualifica�on atribute for a treatment stores True or False to indicate if the treatment
can only be given by a qualified member of staff.
• The TimeTaken atribute for a treatment is the number of minutes (a whole number) that the
treatment takes.

a. Write a SQL statement to create the table staff.

b. Write a query to insert a record in the table Staff with following data; (2009, 'Sheril', 'Mark', 'True')
c. Which table's records can be deleted without affec�ng any other table?
(i) Customer (ii) Staff (iii) Treatment (iv) Appointment
d. Write a query to Modify table Appointment to add a new column StaffID, which should hold a legal
StaffID value from the staff table.
e. Rachana wants to send e-mail adver�sement to all the customers who had a 'RF Facial' treatment
in 2020. To send the email, the customer's email address, firstname and lastname are needed.

Ans.
a)
CREATE TABLE Staff (
StaffID INT NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
LastName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
IsQualified BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (StaffID)
);

b)
INSERT INTO Staff (StaffID, FirstName, LastName, IsQualified)
VALUES (2009, 'Sheril', 'Mark', True);

c) Records of the Treatment table can be deleted without affec�ng any other table because there is
no foreign key constraint that references the Treatment table.
d)
ALTER TABLE Appointment
ADD COLUMN StaffID INT REFERENCES Staff (StaffID);

e)
SELECT Customer.EmailAddress, Customer.FirstName, Customer.LastName
FROM Customer, Appointment, Treatment
WHERE Customer.CustomerID = Appointment.CustomerID
AND Appointment.TreatmentName = Treatment.TreatmentName
AND Treatment.TreatmentName = 'RF Facial'
AND YEAR(Appointment.ApDate) = 2020;

12.Write the SQL commands which will perform the following opera�ons?
a. To display the star�ng posi�on of your last name (lname) from the whole name (name).
b. To display dayname, month name and year from today's date.
c. To display the remainder on dividing 3 raised to power 5 by 5.
d. To display 'I am here' in lower as well as uppercase.

Ans.
a. select instr(name,lname)
b. select dayname(now()),monthname(now()),year(now());
c. select mod(power(3,5),5);
d. select lcase('I am here'),ucase('I am here');

Chapter 6: Computer Network

1. Define Network Topology.

Ans. Network topology refers to the arrangement of nodes and connec�ons in a computer network.
It describes how the devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, are connected to one another
and how they communicate.

2. What is a LAN and a WAN?

Ans. LAN stands for Local Area Network. It is a network that is confined to a small geographic area,
such as a building or a campus. LANs are typically used to connect devices within an organiza�on.

WAN stands for Wide Area Network. It is a network that covers a larger geographic area, such as a
city or a country. WANs are used to connect devices across mul�ple loca�ons, such as different
offices or branches of a company.

3. What is a router?
Ans. A router is a networking device that connects mul�ple networks together and directs data
traffic between them. It uses rou�ng tables to determine the best path for data packets to travel
from one network to another.

4. What is a firewall?
Ans. A firewall is a security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
It is designed to prevent unauthorized access to a network by filtering out poten�ally harmful or
unwanted data packets.
5. What is the use of Repeater in a network?
Ans. In a network, repeater receives a weak signal coming from a source an amplifies it to its original
strength and then again forwards it to the des�na�on. Basically, repeater is used in a network so that
a signal can travel longer distances.

6. Ms. Rani sen, General Manager of Global Na�ons corporate recently discovered that the
communica�on between her company's accounts office and HR office is extremely slow and
signal drop quite frequently. These offices are 125 m away from each other and connected by
Ethernet cable.
(i) Suggest her a device, which can be installed in between the offices for smooth communica�on.
(ii) What type of network is formed by having this kind of connec�vity out of LAN, MAN and
WAN?
Ans.
(i) The device that can be installed between the office for smooth communica�on is repeater.
(ii) The type of network is Local Area Network (LAN)

7. Eduminds University of India is star�ng its first campus in a small town Parampur of central India
with its centre admission office in Delhi. The university has three major buildings comprising of
Admin Building, Academic Building and Research Building in the 5 km area campus. As a network
expert, you need to suggest the network plan as per (i) to (iv) to the authori�es keeping in mind
the distances and other given parameters.

Expected wire distances between various loca�ons:

Expected number of computers to be installed at various loca�ons in the university are as follows:

(i) Suggest the authori�es, the cable layout amongst various buildings inside the university
campus for connec�ng the building.
(ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this organisa�on, with a
suitable reason.
(iii) Suggest an efficient device from the following to be installed in each of the buildings to
 connect all computers.
(a) Gateway
(b) Modem
(c) Switch
(iv) Suggest the most suitable (very high speed) service to provide data connec�vity between
Admission Building located in Delhi and the campus located in Parampur from the following
op�ons:
(a) Telephone line
(b) Fixed line dial-up connec�on
(c) Co-axial cable network
(d) GSM
(e) Leased line
(f) Satellite connec�on.

Ans.
(i) The suggested cable layout is as follows: Using Bus/Star Network

(ii) The most suitable place (i.e. block) to house the server of this university is Academic Block,
because there are maximum number of computers in this block and according to 80-20 rule 80%
of traffic in a network should be local.
(iii) The efficient device to be installed in each of the blocks to connect all the computers is switch.
(iv) For very high-speed connec�vity between Admission Building located in Delhi and campus
located in Parampur is satellite connec�on.

8. Ramji Training Educa�onal Ins�tute is se�ng up its centre in RAIPUR with four specialized
departments for Orthopaedics, Neurology and Paediatrics along with an administra�ve office in
separate buildings. The physical distances between these department buildings and the number
of computers to be installed in these departments and administra�ve office are given as follows.
Answer the queries as raised by them in (a) to (d).
a) Suggest the most suitable loca�on to install the main server of this ins�tu�on to get efficient
connec�vity.
b) Suggest the best cable layout for effec�ve network connec�vity of the building having server with
all the other buildings.
c) Suggest the devices to be installed in each of these buildings for connec�ng computers installed
within the building out of the following: Gateway, switch, Modem
d) Suggest the topology of the network and network cable for efficiently connec�ng each computer
installed in each of the buildings out of the following:
Topologies: Bus Topology, Star Topology
Network Cable: Single Pair Telephone Cable, Coaxial Cable, Ethernet Cable.

Ans.
a) Administra�ve office as it has maximum number of computers.
b) Cable layout will be based on star topology:

Pediatrics

neurology orthopedics

administra�ve

c) Switch in each building and Modem

d) Star topology and Coaxial cable.

9. What is the difference between star and bus topologies?

Ans. Star topology is topology in which the all the nodes relate to central computer. But in bus
topology, a single wire runs across the network and all the nodes are connected to the central bus
10.Communica�on media can be of _____________ and _____________ type.

a. Twisted pair, Shielded Twisted pair

b. Fiber op�cs, coaxial
c. Guided, Unguided
d. Wire, Laser

Chapter 7:

1. Difference between sta�c webpage and dynamic webpage.

Ans. A sta�c webpage is a webpage that is delivered to the user's web browser exactly as stored,
with no dynamic or interac�ve elements. Sta�c webpages are writen in HTML and CSS, and once
they are created, they remain unchanged un�l they are manually updated by the web developer.
A dynamic webpage, on the other hand, is a webpage that is generated in real-�me by the web
server in response to a user's request. The content of a dynamic webpage can change based on user
input or other external factors, such as database queries, user loca�on, or �me of day. Dynamic
webpages are usually created using server-side scrip�ng languages like PHP, Python, or Ruby, which
generate HTML and CSS on the fly.
In summary, the main difference between a sta�c webpage and a dynamic webpage is that a sta�c
webpage displays the same content to all users and does not change un�l it is manually updated,
while a dynamic webpage can change its content dynamically based on user input or other external
factors.

2. Google is a ____________________ .
a. Web page
b. Website
c. Applica�on
d. All of these

3. Online writen talk is called _____________

a. Video Conference
b. Text Chat
c. Video Call
d. Audio Call

4. The First Page we generally view when we open the browser is called____________.
a. Default page
b. First page
c. Home page
d. Landing Page

5. Redirec�on or pop-ups in the website are to be checked carefully before forwarding? Why is this
so important?
Ans. The pop-ups or redirec�on can be a trap form the hackers to hack your computer, so they
needed to be checked carefully.

6. The protocols used to send and receive emails, respec�vely, are __________
a. SMTP, MIME
b. SMTP, POP3
c. POP3, SMTP
d. POP3, MIME

7. What is the difference between a sta�c web page and dynamic web page?
Ans.
Sta�c web page:
• In sta�c web pages, Pages will remain same un�l someone changes it manually.
• Sta�c Web Pages are simple in terms of complexity.
• Sta�c Web Page takes less �me for loading than dynamic web page.
Dynamic Webpage:
• In dynamic web pages, Content of pages are different for different visitors.
• Dynamic web pages are complicated.
• Dynamic web page takes more �me for loading.

8. Which of the following protocols is used in real �me internet based communica�on?
a. VoIP
b. SMTP
c. POP3
d. MIME

9. Differen�ate between SMTP and POP3.

Ans. SMTP:
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• Used to send emails
• The port number of SMTP is 25.
• It is implied between sender mail server and receiver mail server.
POP3:
• Post Office Protocol Version 3
• Used to receive emails
• The port number of POP3 is 110.
• It is implied between receiver and receiver mail server.
10.What is web browser?
Ans. A web browser is an applica�on for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from
a par�cular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on
the user's screen.

Chapter 8: Societal Impacts-I

1. Asser�on-Reason based ques�ons:
a. Asser�on (A): The electronic records available on DigiLocker are considered legi�mate.
Reason (R): The electronic records available on DigiLocker or mParivahan are deemed to be legally
recognised at par with the original documents as per the provisions of the Informa�on Technology
Act, 2000
Ans. Asser�on (A) and Reason (R) are both true, and Reason (R) is the correct explana�on of
Asser�on (A).

b. Asser�on (A): Someone has created a fake social media profile in the name of Saket. Saket is a
vic�m of cyberstalking.
Reason (R): Cyberstalking is a form of cybercrime.
Ans. Asser�on (A) and Reason (R) are both true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explana�on of
Asser�on (A).

2. A so�ware that can be freely accessed and modified is called:

a. Synchronous so�ware
b. Package so�ware
c. Open source so�ware
d. Middleware
Ans. c. Open Source So�ware

3. Iden�fy the type of cybercrime/ac�vity from the following situa�ons:

(a) A person who starts quarrels or upsets people on the internet to distract and sow discord by
pos�ng inflammatory and digressive, extraneous or off-topic messages to an online community. This
person will be referred as _____________ in cyber world.
i. Cyber troll
ii. Cyber stalker
iii. Spyware
iv. Hacker
(b) The ac�vity of making false accusa�ons or statements of fact, monitoring , making threats,
iden�ty the� ,damage to data or gathering informa�on that may be used to harass someone by using
internet or other electronic means. This may be referred as__________.
i. Cyber stalking
ii. Cyber bullying
iii Digital footprint
iv. Fishing
(c) ________________ is the atempt to acquire sensi�ve informa�on such as usernames,
passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy en�ty in an electronic
communica�on.
i. Pharming
ii. Phishing
iii. Atack
iv. Malware
(d) _______________ is an atack in which a hacker atempts to redirect a website's traffic to another
fake or bogus website.
i. Pharming
ii. Phishing
iii. Adware
iv. Malware
(e) ______________ refers to a type of malware that displays unwanted adver�sement on your
computer or device.
i. Pharming
ii. Spyware
iii. Addware
iv. Malware

4. What are the benefits of IPR?

Ans. Benefits of protec�ng intellectual property:
1. Ensures new ideas and technologies are widely distributed.
2. Promotes investment in the na�onal economy.
3. Encourages individuals and businesses to create new so�ware applica�ons as well as improving
exis�ng applica�ons.

5. How to avoid plagiarism?

Ans. You must give credit whenever you use:
1. Another person's idea, opinion, or theory.
2. Quota�on of another person's actual spoken or writen words

6. Who is the owner of Digital property/assets?

Ans. Person who has created it or the owner who has got it developed by paying legally is the legal
owner of the digital property. - Therefore the owner will decide who all and in what form can his/her
digital asset may be used by other.

7. What are the features of open source So�ware?

Ans. Some of the features of open source so�ware are:
1. Free redistribu�on
2. Availability of source code
3. Derived works, must be distributed under the same terms as the licence of the original so�ware.
4. Integrity of the author's source code should be maintained.
5. No discrimina�on against persons or groups while giving licence.

8. What is cybercrime?
Ans. Cybercrime- Any criminal offence that is facilitated by or involves the use of, electronic
communica�ons or informa�on systems, including any electronic device, computer, or the internet is
referred to as cybercrime. For example:
* Credit card frauds
* Phishing
* Illegal downloading
* Child pornography
* Cyber bullying, etc.

9. How to avoid scams?

Ans. You should follow the given guidelines to avoid scams:
1. Never enter personal informa�on or any financial informa�on (banking informa�on or credit/debit
card informa�on) on unsecure websites, i.e., the sites that do not employ HTTPS and do not have
padlock sign.
2. Never reply to emails from any unknown or unreliable source.
3. Never click on any links that you have received in your email. Rather open a browser window and
type the URL yourself than clicking on the link in the email.
4. Never respond to an e-mail or adver�sement claiming you have won something.

Chapter 9:
1. What is IT Act?
Ans. India's IT Act and IT (Amendment) Act, 2008:
• In India the cyber laws are enforced through Informa�on Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act 2000).
Its prime purpose was to provide legal recogni�on to electronic commerce.
• This act was amended in December 2008 through the IT (Amendment) Act, 2008.
• It came into force from Oct 27, 2009. It provided addi�onal focus on informa�on security
and added several new sec�ons on offences including Cyber Terrorism and Data Protec�on.
Other major amendments of IT Act (2008) included:
a. Authen�ca�on of electronic records by digital signatures gets legal recogni�on.
b. E-documents gets legal recogni�on.

2. What are social impacts/benefits of technology?

Ans. Societal impacts of technology are:
1. Enhanced freedom of expression and associa�ons.
2. New patern of work and human setlements.
3. Change in rela�onship between government and ci�zens.

3. What are economic impacts/benefits of technology?

Ans. Economic impacts of technology are:
1. Globalisa�on of produc�on in goods and services.
2. Change in interna�onal trade and distribu�on networks.
3. Facility of secure transac�ons to most part of world with a greater security.
4. Ease and availability of making payments (24 x 7)
5. With ICT, now the market is en�re global. Small business can reach any part of the world.

4. What are benefits of e-waste recycling?

Ans. Benefits of e-waste recycling:
1. Allows for recovery of valuable precious metals: Electronic equipment contains precious metals
like pla�num, gold, zinc, etc., which can be recycled.
2. Protects public health and water quality: E-waste contains toxic substances, such as mercury, lead
etc. Improper disposal releases these harmful toxins in environment. Therefore, proper disposal of e-
waste ensures public health and environment safety.
3. Creates Jobs: Recycling e-waste domes�cally creates jobs for professional recyclers.
4. Saves landfill space: E-waste is a growing waste stream. Recycling these items will help conserve
landfill space.

5. Write a short note on gender issue while teaching ICT.

Ans. Gender issues while teaching/using computers are:
Major issues:
Under representa�on of girls: This means there are far less girls than boys who opted for computer
science subject in the high school.
Reasons:
1. Preconceived No�ons: 'Boys are beter at technical things', 'girls must take up a career keeping in
mind that they have to raise family', 'teaching is the best career op�on for girls', etc., have their
impact in decision making of girls while taking up subjects.
2. Lack of Interest: Playing games (mostly boys-centric) increases boys interest in computers.
Moreover, boys get to play more on smartphones/computers (in Indian scenario) and develop more
interest in computers than girls.
3. Lack of mo�va�on: Girls are pressurised to choose a career op�on which will give them 'work life
balance'.
4. Lack of Role Models: Girls these days see less of role models in the field of 'Computer Science'
whom they can imitate. This also influence girls psychologically and they infer that 'Computer
Science' is for boys and do not take up the subject.

Possible solu�ons to remove this under representa�on:

1. There should be more ini�a�ves supported by government and run by many tech-giants to
encourage more girls to take up 'Computer Science' subject.
2. The film and TV censor board should ensure fair representa�on of female role models in TV,
cinema, etc., so that more girls get encouraged to take up 'Computer Science'.
3. In prac�cal labs, girls should be encouraged more to work on computers on their own. They should
be encouraged to celebrate small success in the lab (successfully execu�ng a program) to big success
(such as comple�ng a project within �me).

6. What are the problems arising out of the internet addic�on and how can these problems be
solved?
Ans.
1. One suffers from personal, family, academic, financial, and occupa�onal issues, just like these
happen in other types of addic�ons.
2. Sufferers start lying about the �me spent on the internet and avoids interac�on with people
around.
3. Sufferer's changed habits and behaviour lead to loss of trust in the people or rela�ons around him,
and it leads to more loneliness.
4. Mental and emo�onal symptoms: Anger, depression, mood swings, procras�na�on, etc.
5. Physical Symptoms: Ea�ng irregulari�es, upset stomach, headaches, backaches, etc.
How to Overcome Internet Addic�on
1. Help of a qualified doctor or counsellor.
2. Family Support.
3. Self-determina�on.