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Basic Linux CMD

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Sabesan Gobykanth
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4 views3 pages

Basic Linux CMD

Uploaded by

Sabesan Gobykanth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 1: Navigation and File Management

Navigate the file system

pwd – Show the current directory.


cd – Change directories.
Example: cd /var/log
ls – List files and directories.
Options: ls -l, ls -a.

Manage files and directories

mkdir – Create a directory.


Example: mkdir myfolder
touch – Create an empty file.
Example: touch file1.txt
cp – Copy files/directories.
Example: cp file1.txt backup_file1.txt
mv – Move/rename files.
Example: mv file1.txt newname.txt
rm – Delete files.
Example: rm newname.txt

View file contents

cat – View the entire file.


less – View file one screen at a time.
head and tail – View the first/last lines of a file.
Exercise:
Navigate to /tmp and create a directory named practice.
Create a file example.txt inside practice.
Copy example.txt to backup_example.txt.
Delete the example.txt file.

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Part 2: User and Permission Management
Commands:

User Management

whoami – Show the current user.


id – Display user ID and groups.
passwd – Change user password.

Permissions

ls -l – View file permissions.


chmod – Change file permissions.
Example: chmod 755 script.sh
chown – Change file ownership.
Example: chown user:group file.txt
Exercise:
Check your current username using whoami.
Create a file and change its permissions to make it
executable by everyone.
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Part 3: Process Control
Commands:

ps – View running processes.


Example: ps aux
top or htop – Monitor system processes in real-time.
kill – Stop a process.
Example: kill <PID> (Get PID from ps or top).
Exercise:
Run a command (e.g., sleep 300) in the background
using &.
Identify the process ID using ps and terminate it with
kill.

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Part 4: System Monitoring

df -h – View disk usage.


du -sh <directory> – View directory size.
free -h – View memory usage.
uptime – Check how long the system has been running.
Exercise:
Check how much disk space is available on the system.
Find the size of the /var/log directory.
Monitor memory usage with free.

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