Unit 5.

THE WORLD OF WORK

VOCABULARY:

Vocabulary Type IPA Vietnamese meaning

1. Shifts (noun) /ʃɪfts/
2. Factory worker (noun) /ˈfæk.tər.i ˌwɜː.kər/
3. Primary school (noun) /ˈpraɪ.mə.ri ˌskuːl/
4. Nine-to-five (adjective) /ˌnaɪn.tə ˈfaɪv/
5. Accountant (noun) /əˈkaʊn.tənt/
6. Regulations (noun) /ˌreɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃənz/
7. Relationship (noun) /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/
8. Client (noun) /ˈklaɪ.ənt/
9. Go on a business trip (phrase) /ɡəʊ ɒn ə ˈbɪz.nɪs trɪp/
10. Work overtime (verb) /wɜːk ˈəʊ.və.taɪm/
11. Follow in one’s (idiom) /ˈfɒl.əʊ ɪn wʌnz
footsteps ˈfʊt.steps/
12. Challenging (adjective) /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/
13. Relevant (adjective) /ˈrel.ə.vənt/
14. Bonus (noun) /ˈbəʊ.nəs/
15. Employ (verb) /ɪmˈplɔɪ/
16. Rewarding (adjective) /rɪˈwɔː.dɪŋ/
17. Repetitive (adjective) /rɪˈpet.ɪ.tɪv/
18. Production target (noun) /prəˈdʌk.ʃən ˈtɑː.ɡɪt/
19. Performance goal (noun) /pəˈfɔː.məns ɡəʊl/
20. Apply for (verb) /əˈplaɪ fɔːr/
21. Qualification (noun) /ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
22. Babysitter (noun) /ˈbeɪ.biˌsɪt.ər/
23. Vacancy (noun) /ˈveɪ.kən.si/
24. Flexible (adjective) /ˈflek.sə.bəl/
25. Review (verb) /rɪˈvjuː/
26. Charity (noun) /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/
27. Donation (noun) /dəʊˈneɪ.ʃən/
28. Be willing to (phrase) /biː ˈwɪl.ɪŋ tuː/
29. Unpaid (adjective) /ʌnˈpeɪd/
30. Well-paid (adjective) /ˌwel ˈpeɪd/
31. On-the-job (adjective) /ɒn ðə dʒɒb/
32. Require (verb) /rɪˈkwaɪər/
33. Wage (noun) /weɪdʒ/
34. Employee (noun) /ɪmˈplɔɪ.iː/

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 35. Employer (noun) /ɪmˈplɔɪ.ər/
36. Supervise (verb) /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/
37. Check attendance (verb) /tʃek əˈten.dəns/
38. Casual (adjective) /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/
39. Candidate (noun) /ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/
40. Reliable (adjective) /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/
41. Preferably (adverb) /ˈpref.ər.ə.bli/
42. Shop assistant (noun) /ˈʃɒp əˌsɪs.tənt/
43. Available (adjective) /əˈveɪ.lə.bəl/
44. Interfere with (verb) /ˌɪn.təˈfɪər wɪð/
45. Order (noun) /ˈɔː.dər/
46. Bill (noun) /bɪl/
47. Wait on table (verb) /weɪt ɒn ˈteɪ.bl/
48. Part-time (adjective) /ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/
49. Server (noun) /ˈsɜː.vər/
50. Recipient (noun) /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/
51. Applicant (noun) /ˈæp.lɪ.kənt/
52. Hospitality (noun) /ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti/

53. Application (noun) /ˌæp.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

54. Overcrowded (adjective) /ˌəʊ.vəˈkraʊ.dɪd/
55. Commuters (noun) /kəˈmjuː.tərz/

E1. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

event volunteer babysitter teaching assistant factory worker
accountant receptionist shop assistant product reviewer
Question 1: She works as a _______________ to help the main teacher manage the classroom.
Question 2: He enjoys being an _______________ because he gets to meet new people and learn new skills.
Question 3: As a _______________, she writes detailed reviews about the latest gadgets.
Question 4: The _______________ helped me find the right size for the shoes I wanted to buy.
Question 5: We hired a _______________ to take care of our children while we were out for the evening.
Question 6: The _______________ is responsible for managing the company’s financial records.
Question 7: The _______________ greeted us warmly when we arrived at the hotel.
Question 8: A _______________ operates machinery and assembles products on the production line.

E2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

overtime application part-time footsteps
wage well-paid employ unpaid
Question 1: She submitted her job _______________ letter to several companies last week.
Question 2: He decided to follow in his father’s _______________ and become a doctor.
Question 3: The company plans to _______________ 50 new workers next month.
Question 4: She often works _______________ to earn extra money.
Question 5: He found a _______________ job that allows him to attend school in the morning.
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Question 6: The workers requested an increase in their _____________ due to the rising cost of living.
Question 7: She has a _______________ job in a top law firm, which allows her to live comfortably.
Question 8: Many interns work _______________ to gain experience before finding a full-time job.

E3. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

relevant challenging flexible casual
repetitive demanding rewarding nine-to-five
Question 1: Working as a doctor can be very _______________, as it often requires long hours and dealing
with difficult situations.
Question 2: A job with a _______________ schedule allows employees to adjust their working hours to fit
their personal needs.
Question 3: People often pursue _____________ professions because they find great value in the work they
do.
Question 4: She prefers a _______________ job because it offers temporary work without long-term
commitments.
Question 5: He found the new project very _______________ because it required new skills and problem-
solving.
Question 6: The work in the factory is quite _______________ as it involves doing the same task over and
over again.
Question 7: Most office workers have a _______________ job, meaning they work from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
every day.
Question 8: It’s important to have skills that are _______________ to the job market to increase your
chances of getting hired.

E4. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

qualities bonus reviews training
vacancy shift application regulations
Question 1: She prefers working on the night _______________ because it’s quieter and she can focus
better.
Question 2: Employees receive a year-end _______________ based on their performance.
Question 3: The company has a _______________ for a marketing manager.
Question 4: The manager conducts performance _______________ every six months.
Question 5: New employees undergo on-the-job _______________ to learn the necessary skills for their
roles.
Question 6: Leadership and communication are important _______________ for a successful manager.
Question 7: She submitted her job _______________ online last week.
Question 8: All employees must follow the company’s safety _______________ at all times.

E5. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

however because although so when
therefore and but so that on the other hand
Question 1: She enjoys her job as a shop assistant, _______________ the pay is not very high.
Question 2: He wanted to gain more experience in accounting, _______________ he applied for an
internship.
Question 3: The job offers great benefits; _______________, it requires working long hours.
Question 4: The company is expanding rapidly; _______________, they are hiring more employees.
Question 5: She decided to become a teacher _______________ she loves working with children.
Question 6: The factory worker is responsible for assembling products _______________ maintaining the
machinery.
Question 7: You can work overtime _______________ take the day off, depending on your preference.
Question 8: _______________ the job is challenging, it is also very rewarding.
Question 9: The job offers a competitive salary; _______________, it includes health benefits.
Question 10: A full-time job provides stability; _______________, a part-time job offers more flexibility.
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Question 11: _______________ she started her new job, she quickly adapted to the fast-paced environment.
Question 12: He works overtime _______________ he can save money for his studies.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.
One of the weirdest jobs in the world is a "professional sleeper." A professional sleeper is someone who
gets paid to sleep. This job might sound like a dream come true, but it has a serious purpose. Scientists and
researchers hire people to sleep so they can study their sleep patterns. They want to learn more about sleep
disorders, how different environments affect sleep, and how to help people sleep better.
In some cases, professional sleepers also test out beds and mattresses for companies. They sleep on
different mattresses and then tell the company which ones are the most comfortable. It is important for them
to be honest and pay attention to how they feel when they wake up.
This job can be strange because sleeping is something most people do for free. However, it is a
demanding job because the information collected from these studies helps scientists understand sleep better
and improve products that many people use every night. So, while it may seem odd, being a professional
sleeper is actually quite useful!
(Adapted from https://theundercoverrecruiter.com)
Question 1: What is the best title of the passage?
A. Sleeping disorders – ways to solve B. A bizarre work – professional sleepers
C. Sleepers and ways they make money D. People who sleep for financial reasons.
Question 2: According to the passage, a professional sleeper is someone who __________.
A. receives money for sleeping B. gets paid to relax
C. receives money for relaxing D. gets paid to lay down
Question 3: The word "them" in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.
A. mattresses B. companies C. sleepers D. beds
Question 4: The phrase "demanding" in the final paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. rewarding B. repeating C. challenging D. overtiming
Question 5: According to the passage, which of these statements is NOT true about the professional sleeper
career?
A. It helps researchers study some diseases. B. It supports companies to enhance their products.
C. It can help people earn money for their life. D. It is nonsense and has no specific aims.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the
numbered blanks from 6 to 10.
Writing an attractive application letter requires careful attention to detail and a clear presentation of your
unique qualifications. Start by introducing yourself and stating the position you are applying (24)________ .
Highlight your relevant experience, whether it comes from a traditional nine-to-five job or more
unconventional roles like (25)________ and explain how these experiences have equipped you with
valuable skills. (26)________ , working in customer service might have taught you how to handle difficult
situations with grace and patience, which is an asset in any job.
(27)________ , it’s important to tailor your letter to the specific company and position. Research the
company’s values and goals and explain how you can contribute to them. Avoid merely (28)________ in
someone else’s footsteps by copying generic templates; instead, let your personality and enthusiasm shine
through. Show the employer why you stand out from other candidates.
(Adapted from https://www.indeed.com)
Question 6: A. in B. for C. at D. on
Question 7: A. being on-the-job B. working overtime
C. waiting on tables D. challenging employee
Question 8: A. For example B. In addition C. In contrast D. Regardless of
Question 9: A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. Theoretically D. Additionally
Question 10: A. tracking B. mimicking C. following D. employing