1. The velocity - time graph of an ascending passenger order lift is given in figure.

What is the
acceleration of the lift:
a. during the first two seconds , 2.3
th
b. between 2nd and 10 second, 0
c. during the last two seconds. -2.3

2. Figure is the distance - time graph of an object . Do you think it represents a real situation ? If
so , why ? If not , why not?

No, the above figure doesn't represent a real situation because in the figure,the time is
reversing with distance which is impossible. Time cannot be back or reversed .
3. Study the speed time graph of a body shown in Figure. and answer the following questions:
a. What type of motion is represented by OA?
As speed - time graph OA is a straight line with a positive slope , the motion is
uniformly accelerated motion.
b. What type of motion is represented by AB?
 As AB is parallel to time axis , its slope is zero . Therefore , acceleration of the body is
zero . The body is moving with a uniform velocity.
c. What type of motion is represented by BC?
As speed - time graph BC is a straight line with negative slope, the motion is
uniformly decelerated motion

d. Find out acceleration of the body.

From O to A , change in speed = 6 – 0 = 6 m/s
time taken = 4 – 0 = 4 s
Thus , acceleration = change in speed/ time taken = 6 m/s / 4s = 1.5 m/s2
e. Find out retardation of the body .
From B to C , change in speed = 0 – 6 = -6 m/s
time taken = 16 – 10 = 6 s
Thus , acceleration = change in speed/ time taken = -6 m/s / 6s = 1 m/s2
f. Find out the distance travelled by the body from A to B

∴ distance travelled = velocity × time = 6 × (10 – 4 ) = 36 m

From A to B , the velocity is uniform.

4. A car is moving on a straight road with uniform acceleration. The speed of the car varies with
time as follows :

Draw the speed-time graph by choosing a convenient scale. From this graph :
 a. Calculate the acceleration of car.
Acceleration of car = (24 – 4)/ (10 – 0) = 2 m/s2
b. Calculate the distance travelled by the car in 10 seconds.
Distance travelled =1/2 X (OA + CB) X OC
= ½ (4 + 24) X 10 = 140 m
5. The following velocity–time graph shows the motion of two wheelers. Find (i) its
acceleration, (ii) its velocity and (iii) the distance covered by the cyclist in 15 seconds.

a. Since velocity is not changing, acceleration is equal to zero.

b. Reading the graph,
Velocity = 20 ms−1
c. s = area of the figure enclosed under v-t graph. Distance covered in 15s,
s = ut = 20 × 15 = 300 m
6. An object starting from rest travels 20 m in first 2 s and 160 m in next 4 s. What will be the
velocity( in m/s) after 7 s from the start.
7. An electron moving with a velocity of 5X104 m/s2 enters into a uniform electric field and
acquires a uniform acceleration of 104m/s2 in the direction of its initial motion.
a. Calculate the time in which the electron would acquire a velocity double its initial
velocity.

b. How much distance the electron would cover in this time?

8. Obtain a relation for the distance travelled by an object moving with a uniform acceleration
in the interval between 4th and 5th seconds.
9. Two stones are thrown vertically upwards simultaneously with their initial velocities u1 and
u2 respectively. Prove that the heights reached by them would be in the ratio of u12 : u22
( Assume upward acceleration is –g and downward acceleration to be +g).
10. An object is dropped from rest at a height of 150 m and simultaneously another object is
dropped from rest at a height 100 m. What is the difference in their heights after 2 s if both
the objects drop with same accelerations? How does the difference in heights vary with
time?

11. A particle is moving up and incline plane. Its velocity changes from 15m /s to 10m /s into two
second. what is its acceleration?
12. A body covered a distance of z meter along a semicircular path. Calculate the magnitude of
displacement of the body and the ratio of distance to displacement.
13. A train is travelling at a speed of 60 kilometre per hour brakes are applied so as to produce a
uniform acceleration of negative 0.5 metres per second square find how far the train will go
before it is bought at rest.

14. A car covers 30 km at a uniform speed of 30 km/h. What should be its speed for the next 90
km if the average speed of the entire journey is 60 km/h?
15. A person goes to market, makes purchases and comes back at a constant slower speed. Draw
displacement-time and velocity time graphs of the person.

16. A boy runs for 10 minutes at a uniform speed of 9 km/h. At what speed should he run for
next 20 minutes so that the average speed comes to 12 km/h.
17. A particle with a velocity of 2 m/s at t = 0 moves along a straight line with a constant
acceleration of 0.2 m/s^2. Find the displacement of the particle is 10 s.

18. Derive graphically the three equations of motion

 19. Difference between
a. Scalar and vector

Difference Between Scalar and Vector

Scalar Vector

It has only the magnitude It has direction and magnitude

Only one dimensional It is multidimensional

This quantity changes with the change in This changes with magnitude and direction
magnitude

Normal rules of algebra are applicable here There is a different set of rules known as
vector algebra

One scalar quantity can divide another One vector cannot divide another vector
scalar

In the example of speed, time, etc., the Velocity could be an example because it is a
distance between the points is a scalar measurement of the rate of change of an
quantity, not the direction object’s position

b. Acceleration and Retardation

Acceleration Retardation
Acceleration is known as the Retardation is just the reverse of
increment in velocity of a body per acceleration or the decrement of
unit of time velocity per unit of time.
Negative acceleration is known as
Acceleration can be positive(+),zero
deceleration or retardation.
Example: When we apply brakes,
Example: At pressing the accelerator,
the speed of the vehicle will reduce,
the speed of the vehicle increases.
and the vehicle will have
Hence the vehicle will accelerate.
retardation

c. Distance and Displacement

Sl. Differentiating
Distance Displacement
No. Property

Displacement is the direct length

The complete length of the
between any two points when
1 Definition path between any two
measured along the minimum
points is called distance.
path between them.

2 Denotation d s

To calculate displacement, the

Direction To calculate distance, the
3 direction is taken into
Consideration direction is not considered.
consideration.

Distance is a scalar quantity

Displacement is a vector quantity
as it only depends upon the
4 Quantity as it depends upon both
magnitude and not the
magnitude and direction.
direction.

Distance gives the detailed As displacement refers to the

route information that is shortest path, it does not give
5 Route Information
followed while travelling complete information on the
from one point to another. route.

6 Formula Speed × Time Velocity × Time

The distance can only have Displacement can be positive,

7 Possible Values
positive values. negative, and even zero.

Distance is not indicated Displacement is always indicated

8 Indication
with an arrow. with an arrow.

9 Measurement in The distance can be Displacement can only be

 measured along a non-
Non-straight Path measured along a straight path.
straight path.

Displacement does not depend

Distance depends upon the
upon the path and it only
10 Path Dependence path i.e. it changes
depends upon the initial and final
according to the path taken.
position of the body.

d. Speed and Velocity

Sl. Differentiatin
Velocity Speed
No. g Property

 Velocity can be defined as  The rate at which an

1 Definition the rate at which an object object covers a certain
changes position in a distance is known as
certain direction. speed.

Type of
2  Vector quantity  Scalar quantity
quantity

 Velocity can be zero,  Speed can never be

3 Magnitude
negative, or positive. negative or zero.

 The velocity of the object

 The average speed will
changes with the change in
Change of continue to count even
4 direction, therefore the
direction if the object changes
object must follow one
direction.
direction.

 An object may possess

 Speed may or may not
5 Interrelation different velocities but the
be equal to velocity.
same speed.

 Speed is measured in
6 Unit (SI)  Velocity is measured in m/s
m/s
  v = d/t; where ‘v’ is the
 v = ∆x/∆t; where is the
average speed, ‘t’ is
average velocity, ‘∆t’ is the
7 Equation time taken to travel the
time of arrival and ‘∆x’ is
distance and ‘d’ is the
the displacement.
distance travelled.

 A train going towards the  A sports bike travelling

south direction with an at 50 m/s would go
average speed of 50 km/h from 0 m/s to 30 m/s,
will have a velocity of 50 before reaching 50 m/s
8 Example
km/h, north. An object going and could even reach
straight in a particular 70 m/s. However, the
direction is considered to average speed will be
have velocity. the speed of the bike.

e. Uniform and non uniform motion

Uniform motion Non-uniform motion

1. It is a motion characterized as the
1. It is described as the motion of a
movement of the body, in which the
body that travels at different
body moves linearly and occupies
velocities and does not cover the
equidistance at the same time
same distance at the same time
duration, so its velocity does not vary
duration, regardless of the length of
with the line regardless of the length
the time duration.
of time.
2. Uniform motion has zero 2. The non-uniform motion has non-
acceleration. zero acceleration.
3. Non-uniform motion travels
3. Uniform motion travels an equal
unequal distances at equal time
distance at an equal time duration.
duration.
4. The non-uniform motion is not
4. The uniform motion is the same as
the same as the actual speed of the
the actual speed of the object.
object.
5. In non-uniform motion, the
5. In uniform motion, the distance to
distance to time graph shows a
time graph shows a straight line.
curved line.
Examples: Examples:

1. If the speed of the truck 1. The bus moves 20meters in

is 20m/s, it means that the the
truck first 5seconds and 10meters i
moves 20meterspersecond. n the next 2seconds.
The speed of the body does not 2. The movement of the train.
vary every second.
2. Movement of the Ceiling fan
 blade.

Given diagram below shows uniform and non-uniform motion:

20. Define term Uniform Circular motion

The movement of a body following a circular path is called a circular motion. Now, the
motion of a body moving with constant speed along a circular path is called Uniform Circular
Motion. Here, the speed is constant but the velocity changes.
21. The displacement of a moving object in a given interval of time is zero. Would the distance
travelled by the object also be zero? Justify your answer.
The displacement of a moving object in a given interval of time can be zero because of the
following reasons: -
a. When the displacement is zero, the distance is not always zero as well. When the
moving object returns to its original position, displacement may be zero.
b. Distance travelled is always more than zero and is either equal to or more than
displacement.
c. A moving object has zero displacements over a given period of time, meaning it
returns to its original position (displacement is the shortest distance between the
initial and final position of an object). Since distance represents the whole length of
the path the body has taken, it cannot be zero in this situation.
d. The distance travelled is not zero if the object returns to its original place.
22. A car starts from rest and moves along the x-axis with constant acceleration 5ms−2 for 8
seconds. If it then continues with constant velocity, what distance will the car cover in 12
seconds since it started from rest?
23. A motorcyclist drives from A to B with a uniform speed of 30 kmh−1 and returns with a
speed of 20 kmh−1. Find the average speed.

24. Draw a velocity versus time graph of a stone thrown vertically upwards and then coming
downwards after attaining the maximum height.