URDPFI
URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
URBAN PLANNING
INTRODUCTION
THE URDPFI GUIDELINES, 2014 COMPRISE TWO VOLUMES:
• VOLUME‐I CONTAINS PLANNING PROCESS, CONTENTS OF THE PLANS SUGGESTED IN THE PLANNIN
G SYSTEM, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION FOR PLAN IMPLEMENTATION INCLUDING LAND AND FINANCE
AS THE PRIMARY RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS PARTIC
ULARLY AT STATE LEVEL, AND APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES FOR REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING.
• FOR ADDRESSING SUSTAINABILITY, VARIOUS SECTIONS FOCUS ON LAND SUITABILITY AND URBAN R
ENEWAL NORMS AND PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR CRISIS/DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANS AS PA
RT OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN.
• THE URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING SYSTEM HAS BEEN DIVIDED UNDER TWO HEADS, A) CORE AREA
PLANNING AND B) SPECIFIC AND INVESTMENT PLANNING.
• A SEPARATE VOLUME (VOLUME‐II A) ON LEGAL ASPECTS COVERS THE IMPLICATIONS OF 74TH
CAA, 1992; LAND ACQUISITION, RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION ACT, 2013; A REVIEW OF THE MOD
EL TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT LAW, MODEL MUNICIPAL LAW, LEGAL REQUIREM
ENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, STATE LEVEL PLANNING FRAMEWORK AND OTHER NATIONAL LE
VEL REQUIREMENTS FOR HERITAGE AND ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION WITH THE RELEVANT ACTS/
LAW/ NOTIFICATIONS/ GUIDELINES ETC. VOLUME II B CONSISTS OF APPENDICES.
NEED OF GUIDELINES :
The study of UDPFI norms and standards is needed to evolve:
System that is dynamic, flexible and efficient. Process that is less time consuming. Innovative ideas of land assembly
and fiscal resource mobilization. Simple & effective form of laws, rules and regulations.
URDPFI GUIDELINES 1996
• Urban Development p and Plan Formulation and Implementation Guidelines were prepared
in year 1996.
• Formulating Guidelines for preparation of spatial development plans and resource
mobilization plans of small, mediumand large sized urban centres.
• Promoting efficient implementation mechanisms and innovative techniques for promotion
of planned spatioeconomic development of urban areas.
• Simplification of Town Planning laws and their amendments / restructuring.
• Primarily meant for the guidance of State Town and Country Planning Departments, Urban
Development Authorities and Urban Local Bodies for preparation of Master Plans /
Development Plans and formulating Norms / Standards thereof inorder to ensure planned
development of towns and cities.
URDPFI GUILDLINES 1996
Since 1996, many changes have taken place in the field of urban development especially in view of
emerging needs /requirements of urban settlements due to rapid population growth and other
reasons like globalization and liberalization.
Towns and cities are dynamic entities and are subjected to unprecedented changes in terms of
requirements of infrastructure and other basic services / amenities.
EMERGING ISSUE
• Integration of Landuse and transport at planning stage
• Comprehensive Mobility Plans(CMP) for Urban Transport
• Mixed Landuse concept
• Service Level Benchmarks
• Disaster Management
• Inclusive Planning
• Sustainable Habitat
• Environmentally Sustainable Transport
• Resource Mobilization
• Streamlining the preparation of Master Plans
• GIS Based Master Plans
• Urban Reforms
• Regulatory Framework for Town Planning Profession
6. SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES
• ONE OF THE EARLY DEFINITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WAS PROVIDED BY BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION
(1987) AS: ‘DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF
FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS’.
• APPLIED TO THE CONTEXT OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY
IS THE UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN A CITY REGION MOST EFFICIENTLY, MOST EQUITABLY ACROSS SECTION
S OF SOCIETY AND IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE RESOURCES ARE CONSERVED AND RENEWED FOR FUTURE
GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS.
• INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING PROCESS AND DEVELOPMENT IN TODAY’S SCENARIO HAS
BEEN EXPLAINED IN THIS CHAPTER.
6.1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
6.1.1. SUSTAINABLE PLANNING
SUSTAINABLE HABITAT DEVELOPMENT MEANS ACHIEVING A BALANCE BETWEEN THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN HABITAT TOGETHER WITH THE PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT, EQUITY IN
EMPLOYMENT, SHELTER, BASIC SERVICES, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORTATION.
SOME OF THESE PARAMETERS, WHICH CAN BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT, ARE:
1.REGIONAL PLANNING:
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TO CONTROL MUSHROOMING UNPLANNED AND UN‐ORGANIZED GROWTH OUTSIDE MASTER
PLANS/DEVELOPMENT PLANS ALONG WITH INTEGRATION OF LAND USE AND TRANSPORT RESULTING IN SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT.
2. COMPACT CITY/ HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT:
THE NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT(NMSH) RECOMMENDS LOW RISE AND HIGHER DENSITY DEVEL
OPMENT TO IMPROVE OVERALL ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE AREA; SUCH FORMS ARE LESS EXPENSIVE AND
REDUCE PRESSURE ON TRAVEL DEMAND. THEREFORE FOR PLANNING FOR HIGH‐DENSITY DEVELOPMENT AND FOR
INCREASE IN FAR IN EXISTING BUILT UP AREA, RATIONALITY FOR THE INCREASE IN FAR SHOULD BE WORKED OUT
APART FROM CARRYING CAPACITY ANALYSIS FOR THE AREA.
3. REDEVELOPMENT / REDENSIFICATION:
APPROACHES SHALL BE DEVELOPED FOR RE‐DEVELOPMENT / RE‐DENSIFICATION OF EXISTING URBAN HABITAT.
MIXED LAND USE, INTEGRATED AND SHARED SOCIAL SPACE AND MULTIPLE TRANSPORT OPTIONS CAN BE CONSIDERED
AND IMPLEMENTED TO REDUCE TRIP GENERATION AND CREATE EFFICIENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM.
4. OPEN SPACES:
EMPHASIS SHOULD BE GIVEN ON VEGETATION/GREEN BELT IN URBAN AREAS TO REDUCE “HEAT ISLAND” EFFECTS.
6.1.2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
THE GENERIC ENERGY EFFICIENCY GUIDELINES ARE GIVEN BELOW. THESE GUIDELINES ARE APPLICABLE FOR VARIOUS
CATEGORIES OF THE BUILDING IRRESPECTIVE OF THEIR CLIMATE LOCATION
1. NON CONVENTIONAL /RENEWAL ENERGY:
• AS PER NMSH82, FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS 15% OF THE TOTAL EXTERNAL LIGHTING LOAD SHOULD BE MET THROUGH RENEWA
BLE ENERGY AND FOR COMMERCIAL / INSTITUTIONAL /INDUSTRIAL / MIXED USE BUILDINGS, 5% OF THE TOTAL LIGHTING LOAD SH
OULD BE MET THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (SOLAR, WIND, BIOMASS, FUEL‐CELLS AND SO ON).
• ALSO, THERE SHOULD BE DEVELOPMENT OF CITY LEVEL ENERGY EFFICIENCY (EE) AND RENEWAL ENERGY (RE) POLICY ACTION
S FOR E.G. NAGPUR AND BHUBANESWAR
HAVE DEVELOPED AND ADOPTED CITY LEVEL EE AND RE.
2. ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN:
• EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS AND BUILDING BYELAWS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ENERGY EFFICIENT
DESIGN SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.
• THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA HAS DEVELOPED THE ENERGY CONSERVATION BUILDING CODE(ECBC), WHICH PROVIDES MINIMUM
ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS, WHICH CAN TO BE REFERRED WHILE DESIGNING PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
3.BUILDING PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATION AND RATING SYSTEM:
• AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF ECBC, MOEF SUGGESTED ECBC COMPLIANCE WHILE UNDERTAKING EIA FOR ALL BUILDING AND
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FALLING UNDER THEIR PURVIEW.
6.1.3. URBAN TRANSPORT
➢ TRANSIT ORIENT DEVELOPMENT (TOD):
PROVISION FOR TOD IN CITIES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED, AS IT ENCOURAGES HIGH DENSITY
AND MIXED‐USE DEVELOPMENT, OVERALL REDUCING THE TRAVEL DEMAND AND IN TURN
REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINTS.
➢ STRENGTHENING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM:
IT CAN BE DONE THROUGH A COMBINATION OF PROMOTIONAL, REGULATORY AND FISCAL
MEASURES ADOPTING GREEN TRANSPORT MODELS.
➢ REDUCING FUEL CONSUMPTION PER PASSENGER:
SIGNIFICANT GHG MITIGATION CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH MODAL SHIFT BY PROVIDING ALL ARTERIAL ROADS
MORE THAN 25 M RIGHT OF WAY TO HAVE MINIMUM OF 2.5 M PEDESTRIAN PATH (WITH TREES) AND PROPER STREET
FURNITURE AND 2.5M BICYCLE PATH PREFERABLY IN EACH DIRECTION AS A MANDATORY MEASURE. WHERE IT IS NOT
POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE A DEDICATED CYCLE PATH BECAUSE OF RIGHT OF WAY BEING NARROW, TRAFFIC CALMING MEASU
RES TO REDUCE THE SPEED OF TRAFFIC TO 30 KMPH NEED TO BE ADOPTED.
➢ ROAD PASSENGER WITH URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS:
LONG‐DISTANCE PASSENGER TRAVEL NEEDS TO BE CLOSELY INTEGRATED INTO THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT, FACILITATING
FAST TRAVELLER‐FRIENDLY MASS‐TRANSPORT ACCESS TO WELL‐LOCATED TERMINALS AND AIRPORTS. CAREFULLY PLANNED
HIGHWAY SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS ARE REQUIRED TO REDUCE TRAVEL TIMES FOR GOODS AND PASSENGERS WHILE
IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY, CONGESTION, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS
➢ NONMOTORISED TRANSPORT (NMT) AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS):
NMT AND ITS SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED. PROVISION OF NMT IS DESCRIBED IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTION
OF THIS GUIDELINE, WHICH AIMS TO REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINT.MOREOVER, ITS SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED FOR
DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION/ENFORCEMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT.PROVISION OF MIXED
‐USE ALONG THE STREETS TO ENSURE PUBLIC SAFETY AND ATTRACTIVENESS FOR PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS AND
HENCE ACCOMMODATE LARGE NUMBERS OF PEDESTRIANS AND STREET VENDORS.
➢ NONCONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY:
CHANGING TO FUELS THAT HAVE A LOWER CARBON FOOTPRINT IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES WOULD HAVE A MAJOR
IMPACT ON GHG EMISSIONS FROM URBAN TRANSPORT. ALSO ALTERNATIVE FUEL BASE IN CITIES TO BE PROMOTED TO
REDUCE DEPENDENCY. TO ACHIEVE A GOOD QUALITY OF PUBLIC SPACE, TREES NEED TO BE PLANTED TO PREVENT HEAT
ISLAND EFFECTS.
➢ ACCESSIBILITY:
ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO BE IMPROVED IN ORDER TO REDUCE TRAVEL DISTANCE.
6.1.4. URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
➢ ZERO WASTE AND WASTE RECYCLING:
THE URBAN WASTE SHOULD BE RECOGNISED WITH A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF ORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS, WHICH HAS EMERGED AS A RESOURCE FOR ENERGY GENERATION IN AN ENVIRON
MENTALLY SUSTAINABLE MANNER. ENERGY IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS, HEAT OR POWER SHOULD BE
SEEN AS A BONUS, WHICH IMPROVES THE VIABILITY OF SUCH PROJECTS.
➢ GHG MITIGATION MEASURES FOR WASTEWATER:
GHG MITIGATION MEASURES INCLUDES ‐ COLLECTION, CONVEYANCE AND TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER, REUSE AND
RECYCLING OF TREATED EFFLUENT AND GAS RECOVERY FROM SLUDGE AS WELL AS USE OF TREATED WASTEWATER
FOR ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF AQUIFERS TO IMPROVE THE GROUND WATER POTENTIAL.
➢ DECENTRALISED WASTEWATER MANAGEMEN:–
DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR COMMUNITY, HOUSING COMPLEXES, AND COMMERCIAL
BUILDINGS TO BE INTRODUCED FOR EFFICIENT WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF ALL (ULBS)
SHOULD BE STRENGTHENED FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION AND O&M OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM.
➢ LOW WATER USE AND ECOLOGICAL SANITATION :
IT SHOULD BE ENSURED THAT SYSTEMS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN EXCRETA INCORPORATE CONSERVATION
PRINCIPLES.LOW‐WATER USE TOILETS (3‐5 LITRE) AND ECOLOGICAL SANITATION APPROACHES (INCLUDING ECOLOGICAL
TOILETS), WHERE NUTRIENTS ARE SAFELY RECYCLED INTO AGRICULTURAL MANUAL CAN BE PROMOTED.
➢ RECOVERY OF ENERGY :-
THE MAJOR BENEFITS OF RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTES IS TO BRING ABOUT REDUCTION IN THE
QUANTITY OF WASTE BY 60 PER CENT TO 90 PER CENT; REDUCTION IN DEMAND FOR LAND AS WELL AS COST FOR
TRANSPORTATION OF WASTES TO FARAWAY LANDFILL SITES; AND NET REDUCTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
BESIDES GENERATION OF SUBSTANTIAL QUANTITY OF ENERGY.
➢ REDUCING NEED FOR PUMPING:
IT WOULD REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR ENERGY, REDUCTION OF NON‐REVENUE WATER (NRW), ENERGY AUDIT OF
ALL THE WATER UTILITIES, RATIONALIZATION OF WATER TARIFF TO REDUCE WASTEFUL USE OF WATER, MINIMIZA
TION OF LEAKAGES, METERING OF ALL WATER TAPS AND WATER AUDIT, ETC.
6.2. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
• Climate change and its recent trends have a direct impact on all types of the development.
• Numerous agencies including National and International agencies are carrying out studies and are supporting
cities to develop, adopt and implement sustainable and climate safe practices as per the National Action
Plan on Climate Change, Government of India.
• The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group‐II’s most recent report (2013) paints a grim
picture for India.
• Focus of the report is on food and water supply and the urgent need for our cities to be resilient. Considering
this, the Regional Plans and Development Plans must incorporate the possible impact of climate change on
development.
• The focus should be on water security, use of heat repealing materials in construction and minimising concrete
surfaces. Aspects such as urban agriculture, vertical farming, water harvesting and preservation of all
environmentally fragile ecosystems including water, landscapes etcetera should be incorporated.
• Specific actions should be included to address, among the other mentioned components. It may be desirable
to develop appropriate policies and bring about effective legal and administrative control systems to deal
with the
• problem.
6.2.1. Green Building
Green building concept recognises sustainable development by effective performance in the following key areas:
1. Sustainable site development: the sustainable site development shall include the following:
a. Efficient land use
b. Habitat preservation and restoration
c. Efficient transportation management
d. Efficient use of locally available materials and resources
2. Water Efficiency: It shall encourage use of water in a self‐sustainable manner through reducing,
recycling and reusing strategies. The methods of rainwater harvesting can be integrated to
reduce load of water requirement on the urban water supply system.
3. Energy Efficiency: It shall reduce energy consumption of infrastructural equipment through
energy efficient street lighting, motor pumps etc. On site power generation using various
renewable energy technologies and other clean fuels can also be integrated in the planning
system.
4. Waste Management: It shall encourage effective waste management strategies by facilitating the
segregating of waste at source and promoting re‐use of products and materials.
5. Indoor Environment Quality: For development of green buildings, the norms as suggested by
Ministry of Environment and Forest and various bodies such as LEED, GRIHA or IGBC may be
applicable depending upon the requirements.
6.4.1. National Environmental Policy (NEP), 2006
• The NEP, 2006 encompasses an integrated approach to reduce the impact on environment
degradation on human life by taking proactive measures at various fronts.
• These include regulatory reforms, process related reforms, substantive reforms, enhancing and
conserving environmental resources, prevention of land degradation, desert ecosystem, and also
various other factors that influences the environment.
• The policy primarily focuses on ensuring that people who are dependent on natural resources for
securing their livelihoods from the act of degradation should realize that a greater purpose will
be served from the 83India’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2014
84Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012‐17), Volume I 206 URDPFI Guidelines, 2014.
• Ministry of Urban Development Sustainability Guidelines conservation of resources which includes
land, desert ecosystem, water, wildlife, forests, wetlands etc.
• The National Environment Policy (NEP, 2004) is a response to our National Commitment to a clean
environment, mandated in the Constitution in Articles 48 A and 51 A (g), strengthened by judicial
interpretation of Article 21.
• The NEP, 2004 has been motivated by the above considerations and is intended to mainstream
environmental concerns in all development activities
