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(Spring 2013) Experiment #7 - Thevenin and Max Power Transfer

Electrjc circuit lab report

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12 views7 pages

(Spring 2013) Experiment #7 - Thevenin and Max Power Transfer

Electrjc circuit lab report

Uploaded by

njdmh85m8m
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electric Circuits I

Lab Report

Lab 7: Thevenin and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Lab instructor: Dr. Khalid Ellithy

Lab T.A.: Mr. Amith Khandakar

Section: B54

Submitted by:

Asma Hegazy-201001849

Fatima Khan- 201108879

Date: 8th May 2013

1
Thevenin and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Abstract: The objective of this lab is to verify Thevenin’s theorem and the
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

Equipment used: Breadboard, power supply, DMM and resistors and decade
resistance box.

Theory: Thevenin’s theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit
to an equivalent with a single voltage source and series resistance connected to a
load.

This theorem can be used to:

1) Calculate the current or voltage through a component in the circuit


2) To develop a constant voltage equivalent circuit which may be used to
simplify the analysis of a complex circuit.

Any linear one-port network can be replaced with a single voltage source,
called the Thevenin’s equivalent voltage and a single resistor called the
Thevenin’s equivalent resistance.

Maximum Power Transfer Theroem states that an independent voltage


source in series with a resistance Rs or an independent current source in
parallel with a resistance Rs delivers a maximum power to that load
resistance RL for which RL=Rs
In a Thevenin’s equivalent circuit, maximum power is delivered to the load
resistance when RL=RTH

2
Procedure:

Part A: Thevenin’s Theorem

1. The circuit shown in Figure 1 was constructed using MultiSim. The current
through the load resistor, IL was recorded
2. We then measured the values of the resistors given to us using a DMM. The
results are shown in Table 1.
3. The same circuit was then constructed on the breadboard and IL was
measured.
4. To measure RTH, we short the voltage source and then use a DMM as an
ohmmeter as shown in Figure 2.
5. The load resistor was then removed and replaced with a DMM to measure
the open circuit voltage, VTH.
6. These values of RTH and VTH were used to construct a Thevenin equivalent
circuit by setting the power supply voltage to VTH and the decade resistance
box to RTH.
7. Theoretical and measured voltages and currents were compared using the
formula shown below: Results of % errors are shown in Table 2.

Part B: Maximum Power Transfer Theroem

1) In the circuit for part A, we replaced the 390Ω resistor with another decade
resistance box to vary the value of RL.
2) RL was changed from 500Ω to 6000Ω and the corresponding values of VL
were measured. PL was then calculated and the values were recorded in
Table 3.

3
Figure 1: the circuit constructed in MultiSim

Figure 2: Measurement of RTH

4
Data obtained:

R1(kΩ) R2(kΩ) R3(kΩ)


3.29 0.98 2.15
Table 1: Resistor values obtained using DMM

Multisim Measured Calculated %Error %Error


(A) (B) (C) (A&C) (B&C)
IL 1.77mA 1.78mA 1.77mA 0 0.56

VTH 4.8V 4.79V 4.8V 0 0.21

RTH 2.32kΩ 2.29kΩ 2.32kΩ 0 1.29

Table 2: Data obtained for Part A

RL(Ω) Multisim VL(V) Measured VL (V) Calculated PL


(mW)
500 0.856 0.876 1.54
1000 1.453 1.487 2.21
2000 2.231 2.279 2.59
3000 2.715 2.768 2.55
4000 3.046 3.104 2.41
5000 3.286 3.34 2.23
6000 3.468 3.52 2.07
Table 3: Data obtained for Part B

5
Conclusion:

As the table shows, the values of currents and voltages obtained experimentally
were slightly different from the theoretical ones, as shown by the percentage
errors. This could have been due to the following reasons:

1) Tolerance of the resistors


2) Instrument error of the DMM
3) Resistance in other components (wires, ammeter etc)

As the graph shows, the maximum power transfer occurs when RL is


approximately equal to RTH, thus verifying the maximum power transfer theorem.

Post lab questions:

1. Theoretical values of RTH and VTH:


(3.3∗2.2)
RTH= (3.3+2.2) + 1=2 .32 k Ω

VTH= V2kΩ= I2kΩ*2


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By considering the first loop, I2kΩ= 2.2+ 3.3 =2 .18 mA

So VTH= V2kΩ= 2.18*2=4.8V

6
2. Graph of PL vs RL

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