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HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION - 2023 Exam No.

Time :3-00 Hours XII - BIOLOGY Marks : 70
Note: Candiate should answer Part-l(Bio-Botany) & Part-II (Bio-z0ology) in
separate answer-books.
(PART - I) BIO - BOTANY (Marks:35)
SECTION - I
Note: 1) Answer all the questions. 2) Choose the correct answer. (8x1=8)
1 Firet cellof male gametophyte in angiosperm is
a) Micropore b) Megaspore
c) Nucleus d) Primary Endosperm Nucleus
2 The dominant epistatio ratio is
a) 9:3:3:1 b) 12:3:1
c) 9:3:4 d) 9:6:1
3 PBR 322, BR stands for

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a) plasmid bacterial recombination b) plasmid bacterial reptication
c) plasmid boliver and rodriguez d) plasmid boltimore and rodriguez
4 Virus free plants are developed from

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a) Organ culture b) Meristem culture
c) Protoplast culture d) Cellsuspension culture
5. A
specific place is an erosystem, where an organism lives and performs its function is
a) habitat b)niche
6.
c) landscape la
The unit of measuring ozone thickness
a) Joule
d) biome
b) Kilos
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c) Dobson d) Watt
7. Jaya and Ratna are the semi dwarf variation of
a) wheat b) rice
d) mustard
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c) cOwpea
8. Tectona grandis is coming under family
a) Lamiaceae b) Fabaceae
c) Dipterocarpaceae d) Ebenaceae
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SECTION - II
Note: Answer any four of the following questions. (4x2=8)
9. What is Endothelium?
10. What is Backcross?
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11. Name the chemicals used in genetransfer.

12. Define: Embriyoids
13 What is Myrmecophily?
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14. Define - Heterosis.

SECTION- III
Note: Answer any three of thequestions. Question No.19 is compulsory. (3x3=9)
15. Write short note on pollenkit.
16. PBR 322 -Explain it.
17. Name the different types of hydrophytes.
18. What is Ozone Hole?
19. What is organic farming?
SECTION - IV
Note: Answer all the following questions. (2x5=10)
20. a) Explain the structure of ovule with diagram. (OR)
b) Compare the various type of Blottin techinque.
21. a) What are the advantages of seed dispersal? (OR)
b)Write the application of plant tissue culture.
(12-Biology-1

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(PART - IY BIO -ZOOLOGY (Marks:35)

SECTION - I
Note: 1)Answer all the questions. 2)Choose thecorrect answer. (8x1=8)
1. Assertion: In the honey bee society, allthe members are diploid except drones.
Reason: Drones are produced by parthenogenesis
a) Both A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is correct explanation for 'A'
b) BothA and'R' are true but 'R' is not the correct explanation for 'A'
c) 'A' is true but 'R' is false
d) Both 'A'and 'R are false
2. What can be the blood group of offspring when both parents have AB blood
group?
a) AB only b) A, Band AB c) A, B, AB and O d) A and B
3 The common substrate used in distilleries for the production of ethanol is
a) Soyameal b) Groundgram

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c) Molasses d) Corn meal
4 Animals that can move from freshwater to sea are called as
a) Stenothermal b) Anadromous

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) Eurythermal d) Catadromous
S. Individual responsible to face extinction of the fish called Labeo Kontius is
a) Cichlid b)Nile Perch c) Talapia d) Puntisdubus
6. Allergy involves
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a) IgE la
b) IgG
Select the correct options
c) IgD d) IgM
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A) Hormonal barriers prevents the ovaries from relasingthe ova and thickens the
cervical fluid
B) Intrautherine Devices increase phagocytos is of sperm within the uterus
C) Hormone-relasing IUD decrease the visCosity of the cervical mucus of these
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a) onlyA is correct b) A and B are correct

c) Aand Care correct d) B and C are correct
8. The book philosophicZoologique was written by
a) Darwin b) August weismann c) Weinberg d) Lamarck
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SECTION - II
Note: Answer any four of thefollowing questions. (Shorty) (4x2=8)
9. How is polyspermy avoided in humans?
10. What is Biomagnification?
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11. What are called connecting links? Give an example.

12. Differentiate Leading strand from Lagging strand.
13. What are stenotherms? Give example.
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14. What are DNA Vaccines?

SECTION - III
Note: Answer any three of thequestions. Question No.19 is compulsory. (3x3=9)
15. Distinguish between Totipotencyand pluripotency.
16. State the goals of the human genome project.
17. Write the uses of Karyotyping.
18. Draw labelled sketch of human mature sperm.
19. Compare the terms. Probiotics and Prebiotics.
SECTION -IV
Note: Answer all the following questions. (2x5=10)
20. a) Explain the different kinds of syngamy in organisms. (OR)
b) Describe the methods to detect foetal disorders during early pregnancy.
21. a) Explain the structure of an antibody with
diagram. (OR)
b) The most serious aspect of the loss of biodiversity is the-extinction of species.
Justify this and explain the types of extinction.
12-Biology-2
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HIGHER SECONDARY SECOND YEAR – PUDUKKOTTAI DIST.

HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION – 2023.
Scoring key
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SUBJECT: BIO - ZOOLOGY CLASS: 12
Q.NO SECTION - I
1 a) Both A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is correct explanation for 'A
2 b) A, B and AB
3 c) Molasses
4 d) Catadromous
5 c) Tilapia

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6 a) Ig E

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7 b) A and B are correct
8 d) Lamarck
SECTION – II

la Answer any four questions:

How is polyspermy avoided in humans?
4x2=8
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1. Once fertilisation is accomplished, ½
2. The cortical granules of the cytoplasm of the ovum form a barrier called ½
9 the fertilisation membrane.
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3. It prevents further penetration of other sperms. ½

4. Thus, polyspermy is prevented. ½
2 MARK
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What is Biomagnification?
1. When non-degradable substances enter the food chain, ½
2. They do not get metabolized or broken down. ½
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10
3. They get transferred up the tropic levels of the food chain. ½
4. During this process, they show an increase in concentration which is ½
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referred to as biomagnification. 2 MARK

What are called connecting links? Give an example.
1. The organisms which possess the characters of two different groups are 1
11 called connecting links. Any 1 Ex
2. Example: Peripatus - Connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda. 1
3. Archeopteryx - connecting link between Reptiles and Aves. 2 MARK
Differentiate Leading strand from Lagging strand.
Leading strand Lagging strand
Template strand Coding strand 1
12
DNA strand with 3' 5' polarity. DNA strand with 5' 3' polarity ½
Replication is continuous Replication is discontinuous ½
2 Mark

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What are stenotherms? Give example.

1. Organisms which can tolerate only a narrow range of temperature are 1
13 Stenotherms.
2. Example: Fish, Frogs, Lizards and Snakes. 1
2 MARK
What are DNA Vaccines?
1. The immune response of the body is stimulated by a DNA molecule. 1
14 2. A DNA vaccine consists of a gene encoding an antigenic protein, ½
3. gene inserted onto a plasmid, and then incorporated into the cells in a ½
target animal. 2 MARK
SECTION – III
Answer any three questions. Question No – 19 is compulsory 3X3=9

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Distinguish between Totipotency and pluripotency.
1. Totipotency (Toti-total): The ability of a single cell to divide and produce 1½

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15 all of the differentiated cells in an organism.
2. Pluripotency (Pluri-several): A stem cell that can differentiate into any of 1½
the three germ layers-ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. 3 MARK

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State the goals of the human genome project.
1. Identify all the genes in human DNA. Any 3
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2. Determine the sequence of the three billion chemical base pairs that
makeup the human DNA. 3X1=3
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3. To store this information in databases and Improve tools for data
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analysis. 3 MARK
4. Transfer the related technologies to other sectors such as industries.
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5. Address the Ethical, Legal and Social issues (ELSI).

Write the uses of Karyotyping
1. It helps in gender (male and female) identification. Any 3
2. It is used to detect the chromosomal aberrations like deletion, 3x1=3
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17 duplication, translocation, nondisjunction of chromosomes.

3. It helps to identify the abnormalities of chromosomes like aneuploidy. 3 MARK
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4. Used in predicting the evolutionary relationships between species.

5. Genetic diseases in human beings can be detected.
Draw labelled sketch of human mature sperm.

Diagram
Parts
2+1=3
18

3 MARK

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Compare the terms. Probiotics and Prebiotics

1. Prebiotics: Compounds in food (fibers) that induce the growth or activity of 1½
19 beneficial microorganisms.
2. Probiotics: living microorganisms to provide health benefits and improving 1½
or restoring the gut flora. 3 MARK
SECTION – IV
Answer all the questions: 2 x 5 = 10
a) Explain the different kinds of syngamy in organisms.

S.No Autogamy Exogamy

1 Male and female gametes are The male and female gametes are
produced by the same cell or same produced by different parents.
organism.

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2 Both the gametes fuse together to They fuse to form a zygote.
form a zygote. it is biparental.

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3 Ex. Actinosphaerium and Paramecium. Ex. Human - dioecious or unisexual
animal.
S.No Hologamy Paedogamy
1 In lower organisms, organisms Union of young individuals produced

20. A
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themselves behave as gametes immediately after the division of the
adult parent cell by mitosis.
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2 The fusion of such mature individuals
is known as hologamy
3 Ex. Trichonympha.
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S.No Merogamy Isogamy

1 The fusion of small sized and the fusion of morphologically and
morphologically different gametes physiologically identical gametes
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2 Merogametes. Isogametes – Ex: Monocystis.

➢ Anisogamy – It is the fusion of dissimilar gametes. Ex. higher invertebrate and all
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vertebrate.
Any five types with example - 5 x 1 = 5
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OR
How can we detect the foetal disorders during the early stages of pregnancy?
a) Ultrasound scanning: - - - - 1 ½ Mark
1. Ultrasonography is usually performed in the first trimester for dating.
2. Used to determination of the number of foetuses, and for assessment of early
pregnancy complications.
20. B 3. Advantages: No known risks other than mild discomfort due to pressure from the
transducer on the abdomen or vagina.
4. No radiation is used during this procedure.

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b) Amniocentesis: - - - - 1 ½ Mark
1. Amniocentesis involves taking a small sample of the amniotic fluid.
2. Used to diagnose for chromosomal abnormalities.
3. Amniocentesis is generally performed in a pregnant woman between the 15 th and
20th weeks of pregnancy.
4. From the amniotic sac to withdraw a small sample of amniotic fluid.
5. Cells of amniotic fluid studied for chromosomal abnormalities.
c) CVS: - - - - 1 Mark
➢ It is a prenatal test that involves taking a sample of the placental tissue to test for
chromosomal abnormalities.
d) Foetoscope: - - - - 1 Mark
➢ It is used to monitor the foetal heart rate and other functions during late

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pregnancy and labour.
➢ The average foetal heart rate is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

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➢ An abnormal foetal heart rate or pattern may mean that the foetus is not getting
enough oxygen and it indicates other problems.
a) Explain the structure of an antibody with diagram.

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1. In 1950s, Porter and Edelman revealed the basic structure of the immunoglobulin.
2. An antibody molecule is “Y” shaped structure that comprises of 4 four polypeptide
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chains.
3. Two identical light chains (L) of molecular weight 25,000 Da (214 amino acids).
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4. Two identical heavy chains (H) of molecular weight 50,000 Da (450 amino acids).
5. The polypeptide chains are linked together by di-sulphide (S-S) bonds.
6. One light chain is attached to each heavy chain and 2 heavy chains are attached to
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each other to form a Y shaped structure. Hence, an antibody is represented by H2

L2.
7. Two terminals: C - terminal (Carboxyl) and amino or N-terminal.
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8. Two regions: They have variable (V) region and (C) region at the other end.
21. A
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Any 6 POINTS 6 X ½ = 3
Diagram – 2 Mark

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Types of extinction.
1. Extinct: None of members of species are alive anywhere in the world. - - - 1 Mark
Natural extinction: - - - 1 ½ Mark
1. It is a slow process of replacement of existing species with better adapted species
due to changes in environmental conditions, evolutionary changes, predators and
diseases.
2. A small population can get extinct sooner than the large population due to
inbreeding depression (less adaptivity and variation).
Mass extinction: - - - 1 Mark
1. The earth has experienced quite a few mass extinctions due to environmental
catastrophes.
2. A mass extinction occurred about 225 million years ago during the Permian, where

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90 % of shallow water marine invertebrates disappeared.
21. B
Anthropogenic extinctions: - - - ½ Mark

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1. These are abetted by human activities like hunting, habitat destruction, over
exploitation, urbanization and industrialization.
Examples: Any two example ½ Mark

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1. Dodo of Mauritius and
2. Steller’s Sea cow of Russia. - - - ½ Mark
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3. Amphibians seem to be at higher risk of extinction because of habitat destruction.

Prepared by:
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BHARATHIRAJA A
M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., DOA,
PGT IN ZOOLOGY,
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PUDUKKOTTAI.
CELL: 9944277623
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