Network Simulator 2

Advanced Computer Network (CS5229)

Saeid Montazeri
September 8, 2011

Outline

Overview of Simulation

Overview of NS2

Steps for network simulation

How to make a scenario

How to change the implementation of NS2

References
September 8, 2011 2
 What is simulation?

system boundary
exogenous inputs system under study
to system (has deterministic rules “real” life
(the environment) governing its behavior)

observer

program boundary
computer program
psuedo random inputs
simulates deterministic
to system “simulated” life
rules governing behavior
(models environment)
observer

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Why Simulation?

Real-system not available, is complex/costly or

dangerous (eg: space simulations, flight
simulations)

Quickly evaluate design alternatives (eg: different
system configurations)

Evaluate complex functions for which closed form
formulas or numerical techniques are not available

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 Programming a simulation

• What is in a simulation program?

– Simulated time
• Internal variable that keeps the time
– System state
• Variables maintained by simulation program
– Number of packet in the queue, transmission time value

– Events
• occurs at an instant in time and marks a change of system state
– Arrival packet to a queue, departure of packet from a queue

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Simulator Structure

Simulation program maintains and updates list of

future events: event list

Requirements:
– well defined set of events
– for each event: simulated system action,
updating of event list

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 Simulator Block Diagram

initialize event list

get next (nearest future)

event from event list

time = event time

process event
(change state values, add/delete
future events from event list)
update statistics
n
done?

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Outline

Overview of Simulation

Overview of NS2

Steps for network simulation

How to make a scenario

How to change the implementation of NS2

References
September 8, 2011 8
 What is NS2?

Stands for Network Simulator version 2

Discrete event simulator for networking research

Work at packet level

Provide substantial support to simulate bunch of
protocols like TCP, UDP, FTP and HTTP

Simulate wired and wireless network.

Primarily Unix based

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Otcl and C++

C++ for data

– Per packet action

Otcl for control

– Periodic and triggered action

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September 8, 2011 11

How does NS2 work?

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 Installation

Ubuntu 11:
– http://narnicles.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/installing-ns2-in-ubuntu-11-04/

Ubuntu 10:
– Go the below link and choose the second procedure
• http://www.scribd.com/doc/46784839/Install-NS2-34-in-Ubuntu10-10

Windows:
– For example:
• http://paulson.in/?p=49

September 8, 2011 13

Outline

Overview of Simulation

Overview of NS2

Steps for network simulation

How to make a scenario

How to change the implementation of NS2

References
September 8, 2011 14
 Steps for network simulation

1. Implement the protocol models

2. Setup simulation scenario

3. Run the simulation

4. Analyze the simulation output

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Simulation scenario

Write scenario in Otcl

Create topology
Nodes, links, protocol parameters
Traffic
CBR, VBR, Exponential On/Off

NS2 interprets script file and pass required parameters

to model

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 First example

Bandwidth:1Mbps
Latency: 10ms
n1 n2

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First example (cont)

#create a new simulator object
set ns_ [new Simulator]

#open the nam trace file

set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all $nf

#define a 'finish' procedure

proc finish {} {
global ns_ nf
$ns_ flush-trace

#close the trace file

close $nf

#execute nam on the trace file

exec nam out.nam &

exit 0
September 8, 2011 18
}
 First example (cont)
#create two nodes
set n0 [$ns_ node]
set n1 [$ns_ node]

#create a duplex link between the nodes

$ns_ duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail

#call the finish procedure after 5 secs of

simulated time
$ns_ at 5.0 "finish”

#run the simulation

$ns_ run
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Demo

September 8, 2011 20
 Adding traffic

1Mbps,10ms
n1 n2

udp
null

cbr

node
agent
Packet Size: 500 bytes
rate: 800Kbps source
link
cbr traffic

0.5 4.5 time

0.0 5.0
September 8, 2011 21

First example (cont)

#create a udp agent and attach it to node n0
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns_ attach-agent $n0 $udp0
#Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
#create a Null agent(a traffic sink) and attach it
to node n1
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns_ attach-agent $n1 $null0
#Connect the traffic source to the sink
$ns_ connect $udp0 $null0
#Schedule events for CBR traffic
$ns_ at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns_
Septemberat 4.5 "$cbr0 stop”
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 Demo

September 8, 2011 23

Outline

Overview of Simulation

Overview of NS2

Steps for network simulation

How to make a scenario

– First simple example
– Second example
– Post processing

How to change the implementation of NS2

References
September 8, 2011 24
Second Scenario (NS by Example)

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Second Scenario (cont)

#Create a simulator object
set ns_ [new Simulator]
#Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)
$ns_ color 1 Blue
$ns_ color 2 Red
#Open the NAM trace file
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all $nf
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns_ nf
$ns flush-trace
#Close the NAM trace file
close $nf
#Execute NAM on the trace file
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
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 Second Scenario (cont)
#Create four nodes
set n0 [$ns_ node]
set n1 [$ns_ node]
set n2 [$ns_ node]
set n3 [$ns_ node]

#Create links between the nodes

$ns_ duplex-link $n0 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.7Mb 20ms DropTail

#Set Queue Size of link (n2-n3) to 10

$ns_ queue-limit $n2 $n3 10

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Second Scenario (cont)

#Give node position (for NAM)
$ns_ duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns_ duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns_ duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right

#Monitor the queue for link (n2-n3). (for NAM)

$ns_ duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5

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 Second Scenario (cont)
#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns_ attach-agent $n0 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns_ attach-agent $n3 $sink
$ns_ connect $tcp $sink
$tcp set fid_ 1

#Setup a FTP over TCP connection

set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ftp set type_ FTP

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Second Scenario (cont)

#Setup a UDP connection
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns_ attach-agent $n1 $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns_ attach-agent $n3 $null
$ns_ connect $udp $null
$udp set fid_ 2

#Setup a CBR over UDP connection

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packet_size_ 1000
$cbr set rate_ 1mb
$cbr
September set
8, 2011 random_ false 30
 Second Scenario (cont)
#Schedule events for the CBR and FTP agents
$ns_ at 0.1 "$cbr start"
$ns_ at 1.0 "$ftp start"
$ns_ at 4.0 "$ftp stop"
$ns_ at 4.5 "$cbr stop"

#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation

time
$ns_ at 5.0 "finish"

#Print CBR packet size and interval

puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]"
puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]"

#Run the simulation

$ns_ run

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Demo

September 8, 2011 32
 How does NS2 work?

September 8, 2011 33

How to get trace file?

#Create a simulator object
set ns_ [new Simulator]
#Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)
$ns_ color 1 Blue
$ns_ color 2 Red
#Open the NAM trace file
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all $nf
#Open the traffic trace file to record all events
set nd [open out.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $nd
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns_ nf nd
$ns flush-trace
#Close the NAM trace file
close $nf
close $nd
#Execute NAM on the trace file
#exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
 Directory + Demo

September 8, 2011 35
 Demo
Write script to measure packet loss

September 8, 2011 37

Outline

Overview of Simulation

Overview of NS2

Steps for network simulation

How to make a scenario

How to change the implementation of NS2

References
September 8, 2011 38
 Second Scenario (changed)
#Create four nodes
set n0 [$ns_ node]
set n1 [$ns_ node]
set n2 [$ns_ node]
set n3 [$ns_ node]

#Create links between the nodes

Queue/RED set thresh_ 2
Queue/RED set maxthresh_ 6
Queue/RED set queue_in_bytes_ false
Queue/RED set gentle_ false
$ns_ duplex-link $n0 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns_ duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.7Mb 20ms RED
September 8, 2011 39

How to change NS implementation

1.Save your changes in cc file

2.Go to ns-allinone-2.34/ns-2.34 in command

prompt

3.switch to root user

4.Type “make clean”

5.Type “make”

6.Type “make install”

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 Demo

September 8, 2011 41

Reference

Marc Greis tutorial

– http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/nsscript2.html

NS2 by example
– http://perform.wpi.edu/NS/

NS2
– http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns

Simulation Overview (Jim Kurose, University of Massachusets, Amhers)

September 8, 2011 42