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9- Data Classes

9- Data Classes

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9- Data Classes

9- Data Classes

Uploaded by

specsdeveloper13
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Trending Now Data Structures Algorithms Topic-wise Practice Python Machine Learning Data Science J

Kotlin Data Classes


Read Discuss Courses Practice

We often create classes to hold some data in it. In such classes, some standard
functions are often derivable from the data. In Kotlin, this type of class is
known as data class and is marked as data.

Example of a data :

data class Student(val name: String, val roll_no: Int)

The compiler automatically derives the following functions :

equals()
hashCode()
toString()
copy()

Rules to create Data classes –

Data classes have to fulfill the following requirements to ensure the


consistency:
The primary constructor needs to have at least one parameter.
All primary constructor parameters need to be marked as val or var.
Data classes cannot be abstract, open, sealed or inner.
Data classes may only implement interfaces.

toString()

This function returns a string of all the parameters defined in the data class .
Example:

fun main(args: Array<String>)


{
//declaring a data class
data class man(val roll: Int,val name: String,val height:Int)

//declaring a variable of the above data class


//and initializing values to all parameters

val man1=man(1,"man",50)

//printing all the details of the data class


println(man1.toString());
}

Output:

man(roll=1, name=man, height=50)

Note:
The compiler only uses the properties defined inside the primary constructor
for the automatically generated functions.
It excludes the properties that are declared in the class body.

Example:

fun main(args: Array<String>)


{
//declaring a data class
data class man(val name: String)
{
//property declared in class body
var height: Int = 0;
}

//declaring a variable of the above data class and


//initializing values to all parameters

val man1=man("manish")
//class body properties must be assigned uniquely
man1.height = 70

//this method prints the details of class that


//are declared in primary constructor
println(man1.toString());

//printing the height of man1


println(man1.height);
}

Output:

man(name=manish)
70

Here height is not used by the toString() function .

copy()

Sometimes we need to copy an object, with some change in some of its


properties keeping all others unchanged.
In this case copy() function is used.
Properties of copy()

It copies all arguments or members defined in primary constructor


Two objects can have same primary parameter values and different class
body values if defined

Declaration of copy()

fun copy(name: String = this.x, age: Int = this.y) = user(x, y)

where user is a data class : user(String, Int) .


Example

fun main(args: Array<String>)


{
//declaring a data class
data class man(val name: String, val age: Int)
{
//property declared in class body
var height: Int = 0;
}

val man1 = man("manish",18)

//copying details of man1 with change in name of man


val man2 = man1.copy(name="rahul")

//copying all details of man1 to man3


val man3 = man1.copy();

//declaring heights of individual men


man1.height=100
man2.height=90
man3.height=110

//man1 & man3 have different class body values,


//but same parameter values

//printing info all 3 men


println("${man1} has ${man1.height} cm height")
println("${man2} has ${man2.height} cm height")
println("${man3} has ${man3.height} cm height")

Output:

man(name=manish, age=18) has 100 cm height


man(name=rahul, age=18) has 90 cm height
man(name=manish, age=18) has 110 cm height

hashCode() and equals()

hashCode() function returns a hash code value for the object.


equals() method return true if two objects have same contents and it works
similar to “==”, but works different for Float and Double values.

Declaration of hashCode() :

open fun hashCode(): Int

Properties of hashCode()

Two hash codes declared two times on same object will be equal.
If two objects are equal according to equals() method, then the hash codes
returned will also be same

fun main(args: Array<String>)


{
//declaring a data class
data class man(val name: String, val age: Int)

val man1 = man("manish",18)


val man2 = man1.copy(name="rahul")
val man3 = man1.copy();

val hash1=man1.hashCode();
val hash2=man2.hashCode();
val hash3=man3.hashCode();

println(hash1)
println(hash2)
println(hash3)

//checking equality of these hash codes


println("hash1 == hash 2 ${hash1.equals(hash2)}")
println("hash2 == hash 3 ${hash2.equals(hash3)}")
println("hash1 == hash 3 ${hash1.equals(hash3)}")

Output:

835510190
-938448478
835510190
hash1 == hash 2 false

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