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1- functions

1- functions

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specsdeveloper13
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Kotlin functions

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In Kotlin, functions are used to encapsulate a piece of behavior that can be


executed multiple times. Functions can accept input parameters, return values,
and provide a way to encapsulate complex logic into reusable blocks of code.

A function is a unit of code that performs a special task. In programming,


function is used to break the code into smaller modules which makes the
program more manageable.

For example: If we have to compute the sum of two numbers then define a fun
sum().

fun sum(a: Int, b: Int): Int {


return a + b
}

We can call sum(x, y) at any number of times and it will return sum of two
numbers. So, function avoids the repetition of code and makes the code more
reusable. In Kotlin, there are two types of function-

Standard library function


User-defined function

Kotlin standard library function –


In Kotlin, there are different number of built-in functions already defined in
standard library and available for use. We can call them by passing arguments
according to requirement. In below program, we will use built-in functions
arrayOf(), sum() and println(). The function arrayOf() require some arguments
like integers, double etc to create an array and we can find the sum of all
elements using sum() which does not require any argument.

Kotlin

fun main(args: Array<String>) {


var sum = arrayOf(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10).sum()

println("The sum of all the elements of an array is: $sum")


}

Output:

The sum of all the elements of an array is: 55

In below program, we will use rem() to find the remainder.

Kotlin

fun main(args: Array<String>) {


var num1 = 26
var num2 = 3

var result = num1.rem(num2)


println("The remainder when $num1 is divided by $num2 is: $result")
}

Output:

The remainder when 26 is divided by 3 is: 2


The list of different standard library functions and their use –

sqrt() – Used to calculate the square root of a number.


print() – Used to print a message to standard output.
rem() – To find the remainder of one number when divided by another.
toInt() – To convert a number to integer value.
readline() – Used for standard input.
compareTo() – To compare two numbers and return boolean value.

Kotlin user-defined function –


A function which is defined by the user is called user-defined function. As we
know, to divide a large program in small modules we need to define function.
Each defined function has its own properties like name of function, return type
of a function, number of parameters passed to the function etc.

Creating user-defined function-

In Kotlin, function can be declared at the top, and no need to create a class to
hold a function, which we are used to do in other languages such as Java or
Scala. Generally we define a function as:

fun fun_name(a: data_type, b: data_type, ......): return_type {


// other codes
return
}

fun– Keyword to define a function.


fun_name – Name of the function which later used to call the function.
a: data_type – Here, a is an argument passed and data_type specify the
data type of argument like integer or string.
return_type – Specify the type of data value return by the function.
{….} – Curly braces represent the block of function.

Kotlin function mul() to multiply two numbers having same type of


parameters-
Kotlin

fun mul(num1: Int, num2: Int): Int {


var number = num1.times(num2)
return number
}

Explanation: We have defined a function above starting with fun keyword


whose return type is an Integer.

>> mul() is the name of the function


>> num1 and num2 are names of the parameters being accepted by the
function
and both are Integer type.

Kotlin function student() having different types of parameters-

Kotlin

fun student(name: String , roll_no: Int , grade: Char) {


println("Name of the student is : $name")
println("Roll no of the student is: $roll_no")
println("Grade of the student is: $grade")
}

Explanation- We have defined a function using fun keyword whose return


type in Unit by default.

>> student is the name of the function.


>> name is the parameter of String data type.
>> roll_no is the parameter of Integer data type
>> grade is the parameter of Character data type

Calling of user-defined function-


We create a function to assign a specific task. Whenever a function is called
the program leaves the current section of code and begins to execute the
function. The flow-control of a function-

1. The program comes to the line containing a function call.


2. When function is called, control transfers to that function.
3. Executes all the instruction of function one by one.
4. Control is transferred back only when the function reaches closing braces or
there any return statement.
5. Any data returned by the function is used in place of the function in the
original line of code.

Kotlin program to call the mul() function by passing two arguments-

Kotlin

fun mul(a: Int, b: Int): Int {


var number = a.times(b)
return number
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var result = mul(3,5)
println("The multiplication of two numbers is: $result")
}

Output:

Trending
TheNowmultiplication
Data Structures ofAlgorithms Topic-wise
two numbers is: Practice
15 Python Machine Learning Data Science J

Explanation- In the above program, we are calling the mul(3, 5) function by


passing two arguments. When the function is called the control transfers to
the mul() and starts execution of the statements in the block. Using in-built
times() it calculates the multiple of two numbers and store in a variable
number. Then it exits the function with returning the integer value and controls
transfer back to the main() where it calls mul(). Then we store the value
returned by the function into mutable variable result and println() prints it to
the standard output. Kotlin program to call the student() function by passing
all arguments-

Kotlin

fun student( name: String , grade: Char , roll_no: Int) {


println("Name of the student is : $name")
println("Grade of the student is: $grade")
println("Roll no of the student is: $roll_no")

}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name = "Praveen"
val rollno = 25
val grade = 'A'
student(name,grade,rollno)
student("Gaurav",'B',30)
}

Output:

Name of the student is : Praveen


Grade of the student is: A
Roll no of the student is: 25
Name of the student is : Gaurav
Grade of the student is: B
Roll no of the student is: 30

Explanation- In the above program, we are calling the student() function by


passing the arguments in the same order as required. If we try to jumble the
arguments then it gives the type mismatch error. In the first call, we pass the
argument using variables and in the second call, we pass the arguments values
without storing in variables. So, both methods are correct to call a function.

Advantages of using functions in Kotlin:

1. Modularity: Functions provide a way to modularize your code and break it


down into smaller, more manageable parts. This makes your code more
readable, maintainable, and easier to test.
2. Reusability: Functions can be called from multiple locations in your code,
making it easy to reuse your code and avoid duplication.
3. Improved Readability: Functions provide a way to encapsulate complex logic
into reusable blocks of code, which can make your code more readable and
easier to understand.
4. Improved Abstraction: Functions can be used to abstract away complex
logic, making it easier to understand what a piece of code does without
having to examine its implementation details.

Disadvantages of using functions in Kotlin:

1. Overhead: Functions can increase the size of your code and increase the
amount of memory required to execute it, especially if you have many
functions.
2. Debugging: Functions can make debugging more difficult if you have
complex logic inside your functions, especially if you have multiple functions
that call each other.

Last Updated : 09 Feb, 2023 30

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