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5 views7 pages

Lab 5

Uploaded by

mugheesahmad571
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information

Technology
Rahim Yar Khan
Department Of Computer Engineering

Operating System Lab

Lab 04: Shell Scripting Practice


Lab Instructor: Ms. Aisha Naseer
Objective:
 Learn how to work with expressions in Shell Scripting
 Learn about conditional structures in Shell
 Learn about functions in Shell
 Hands on Practice on different shell scripts using case and functions.

Tips:

For example, the $ character represents the process ID number, or PID, of the current
shell.

echo $$

Figure showing process id of terminal.

The following table shows a number of special variables that you can use in your
shell scripts −

Sr.No Variable & Description


.

1
$0
The filename of the current script.
2
$n
These variables correspond to the arguments with which a script was invoked. Here n is a
positive decimal number corresponding to the position of an argument (the first argument is $1,
the second argument is $2, and so on).

3
$#
The number of arguments supplied to a script.

4
$*
All the arguments are double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $* is equivalent to $1
$2.

5
$@
All the arguments are individually double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $@ is
equivalent to $1 $2.

Example:

Lets suppose we have a file named: test.sh.

#!/bin/sh (writing this in kali(linux) is not necessary and


may generate an error!!)

echo "File Name: $0"


echo "First Parameter : $1"
echo "Second Parameter : $2"
echo "Quoted Values: $@"
echo "Quoted Values: $*"
echo "Total Number of Parameters : $#"

To run script:

Use bash or sh or chmod+x filename.sh to make it execute able.

We run it via:

bash test.sh
Result:

Case Statements:

Basic Syntax:
Example:

echo "Enter a number between 1 and 3:"


read number

case $number in
1)
echo "You selected option 1"
;; //Each case must end with double colon.
2)
echo "You selected option 2"
;;
3)
echo "You selected option 3"
;;
*) // Default case //
echo "Invalid option! Please choose a number between 1 and 3."
;;
esac // ending of case statement

Lab Activity 1.1:

Create a shell script that provides a basic menu for choosing a fruit.

The script should:

1. Display a menu with the following options:

1. Apple

2. Banana

3. Cake

4. Class

A proper message should be displayed to the user (1. Apple: “You


selected Apple”).
#!/bin/bash

# Display the menu

echo "Please choose an option from the menu:"

echo "1. Apple"

echo "2. Banana"

echo "3. Cake"

echo "4. Class"

# Read the user's choice

read -p "Enter your choice (1-4): " choice

# Use a case statement to respond to the user's choice

case $choice in

1)

echo "You chose Apple. A healthy choice!"

;;

2)

echo "You chose Banana. Great for energy!"

;;

3)

echo "You chose Cake. A delicious treat!"

;;

4)

echo "You chose Class. That's an unusual fruit!"

;;

*)

echo "Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and 4."

;;

esac
Loops in Shell

 For Loop
 While Loop
 Until Loop
 Select Loop

1. For Loop:
The for loop is used to iterate over a list of items or a range of
numbers. It allows you to execute a block of commands multiple times.
There are two for loop in Shell
1) Iterating over a List 2) Iterating over a Range
Example:
Iterating over a List:
It is same as For Each Loop as in JAVA.

fruits=("Apple" "Banana" "Cherry") // Array of Strings

for fruit in "${fruits[@]}"; //[@] means that to access all


elements

do
echo "I like $fruit"
done // Completing loop

Iterating over a Range:


Example:

for ((i=1; i<=5; i++));


do
echo "Number: $i"
done

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