Scribd
Upload
14 views6 pages

Lab 4

Uploaded by

abdulrehmantareen53
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views6 pages

Lab 4

Uploaded by

abdulrehmantareen53
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

CONTROLS ENGINEERING

LAB # 4
Plotting characteristic curve for flow sensor

NAME: Malik Muhammad Farhan


CLASS: ME-13-A
CMS ID: 389829
SUBMITTED TO: LE Usman Ali

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING


Objectives:
• Getting familiar with flow control trainer
• Drawing characteristic curve
• Working of flow sensor

Apparatus Used:
• Liquid Flow Control Trainer
• Flow control interface
• Digital Multimeter
• Connecting Wires

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1 circuit diagram


Figure 2 connections

Procedure:
• Connect the wires as shown in circuit above.
• Turn On the main switch.
• Slowly turn the knob of Voltage regulator until the rotameter reads 2 Lpm.
• The flow can be controlled with knob on rotameter also.
• Read the voltage value at 2 Lpm, by using the DMM connected to output of flow sensor.
• Take 0.5LPm increments of flow rate and take readings.
• Take a total of 13 readings up to 8 Lpm flow rate.
• Now decrease the flow rate by 0.5 and take readings.
• Note down readings by 0.5 decrements in flow rate.
• Make graphs for voltage up and voltage down.
• Compare the characteristic curves.
Observations/Calculations:
Flow Rate (Lpm) Voltage Up(V) Voltage Down(V)
2 1.65 1.68
2.5 2.17 2.27
3 3.02 3.02
3.5 3.64 3.67
4 4.47 4.31
4.5 4.90 5.48
5 6.11 6.25
5.5 6.48 6.54
6 7.03 7.63
6.5 7.68 7.84
7 8.07 8.08
7.5 8.46 8.50
8 9.00 9.00
Table 1

Graph:
Voltage vs Flow Rate
10

8
Flow Rate(LPM)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Voltage(V)

Voltage Up

graph 1 voltage up vs flow rate


Voltage vs Flow Rate
10

Flow Rate(LPM) 8

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Voltage(V)

Voltage Down

graph 2 voltage down vs flow rate

Voltage vs Flow Rate


10

8
Flow Rate(LPM)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Voltage(V)

Voltage Up Voltage Down

graph 3 voltage vs flow rate


Discussion:
In this lab experiment was carried out to plot the characteristic curve of flow sensor which is voltage vs
flow rate. We are just checking for flow sensor for now in this experiment. The data is presented above
in tabular and graphical form which shows that by increasing or decreasing the flow rate from 2lpm to
8lpm (readings from rotameter) through pump how voltages (readings from multimeter) changes or
how sensors are calibrated respectively. Also in flow sensor there is a phenomenon of hall effect due to
which it depicts the measurable voltage.

From the graph it can be seen that there is difference in values for increasing and decreasing flow rates
which is hysteresis, which is set upper and lower limit for control systems. Also there can be some
human error while maintaining the flow rates or speeding up and down of flow rates etc.

Conclusion:
It concludes that with the increase or decrease of flow rates voltage rises or drops respectively.

Safety Precautions:
• Follow electrical safety guidelines and avoid working with live circuits.
• Adhere to all lab rules, guidelines, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) provided
by the lab supervisor or instructor.
• Do not make loose connections.
• Ensure proper connections of the set points.
• Always ensure that you turn off the equipment, before removing or adding any
connections.
• Keep water and liquids away from electrical equipment to prevent water hazard. Adhere
to electrical safety guidelines to minimize the risk of electrical shocks or other electrical
hazards.
• Inspect equipment before use, and promptly report any faults or issues.
• Handle all lab tools and equipment with care to avoid accidents and maintain a safe
environment.

Note: Theory about Float switch, working of rotameter and hall effect sensor is discussed
in previous lab reports.

You might also like