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Wazwaz IEch 3 S 2 S 2 P 10

impoattan

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32 views1 page

Wazwaz IEch 3 S 2 S 2 P 10

impoattan

Uploaded by

miaaimdad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wazwaz Integral Equations: Section 3.2.

2 - Exercise 10 Page 1 of 1

Exercise 10
Use the modified decomposition method to solve the following Volterra integral equations:
ˆ x
x x
u(x) = e − xe + sin x + x cos x + xu(t) dt
0

Solution

Assume that u(x) can be decomposed into an infinite number of components.


∞
X
u(x) = un (x)
n=0

Substitute this series into the integral equation.


∞
X ˆ x ∞
X
x x
un (x) = e − xe + sin x + x cos x + x un (t) dt
n=0 0 n=0
ˆ x
u0 (x) + u1 (x) + u2 (x) + · · · = ex + sin x + x cos x − xex + x[u0 (t) + u1 (t) + · · · ] dt
ˆ 0x ˆ x
u0 (x) + u1 (x) + u2 (x) + · · · = ex + sin x + x cos x − xex + xu0 (t) dt + xu1 (t) dt + · · ·
0
} | 0 {z
| {z }
u0 (x) | {z }
u1 (x) u2 (x)

Grouping the terms as we have makes it so that the series terminates early.

u0 (x) = ex + sin x
ˆ x
u1 (x) = x cos x − xex + xu0 (t) dt = x cos x − xex + x(ex − cos x) = 0
ˆ x 0

u2 (x) = xu1 (t) dt = 0


0
..
.
ˆ x
un (x) = xun−1 (t) dt = 0, n>2
0

Therefore,
u(x) = ex + sin x.

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