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VASUDEVA KH
I am VASUDEVA KH, ( KHV In short) ,Faculty in Mathematics. Around 26 years of teaching experience, got
trainging in many fields, RPs in state level conference, Teaching for IIT , JEE via online.

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Page 2 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 1, , Chapter-1, , Relations and Functions, ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., ,
Define empty relation., , Ans: A relation R on set A is called empty relation if R   ., 2., , Define Universal
relation., , Ans: A relation R on set A is called Universal relation if R  A  A ., 3., , Define equivalence
relation., , Ans: A relation R on set A is called equivalence relation if it is reflexive, symmetric and,
transitive., 4., , Define Binary operation., , Ans: Binary operation * on set A is a function  : A  A  A
denoted by  ( a , b)  a  b ., 5., , Give an exmaple of a relation which is symmetric only., , Ans: A = { 1, 2, 3
}, R = { (1, 2), (2, 1) }, 6., , Give an example of a relation which is transitive but neither reflexive nor,
symmetric., , Ans: A = { 1, 2, 3 }, R = { (1, 1), (1, 2) }, 7., , Give an exmaple of a relation which is symmetric
and transitive but not, reflexive., , Ans: A = { 1, 2, 3}, R = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)}, 8., , Examine whether the
operation  : Z   Z  defined by a  b :|a  b| where, Z+ is the set of all positive integers is a Binary
operation or not., , Ans: No, * is not a binary operation on Z+., , 1 *1  |1  1|  0  Z , 9., , Examine
whether  : Z   Z  defined by a  b : a  b is binary operation or, not where Z+ is set of all positive
integers., , Ans: * is not a binary operation on Z+., , 1  2  1  2  1  Z

Page 3 :
2, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , TWO MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Define binary operation. Let * be a binary
operation on N defined by, a * b = LCM of a and b. Find 5 * 7., , Soln: Binary operation * on set A is a
function  : A  A  A denoted by * (a, b) = a * b., 5 * 7 = LCM of 5 and 7 = 5  7  35 ., 2., , Let * be a binary
operation on Q defined by a * b =, that * is associative., , ab,  a , b  Q. Show, 2, , ab, c, 2,  ab ,  2 c, 
 , 2, abc, , 4, ,  bc , ,  2, , ( a  b)  c , , Soln: Consider, a  (b  c )  a  , ,  bc , a , 2,   , 2,
abc, , 4, a * (b * c) = (a * b) * c  * is associative., , a+ b, . Verify whether * is associative., 2, b  c ,  a
b, a  (b  c )  a  , c, Soln: Consider, ( a  b)  c  , , ,  2 ,  2 , bc,  a b, a,  2 c, 2, , ,
 , 2, 2, 2, a, , bc, a  b  2c, , , 2, 2, 3., , On R, * is defined by a* b =, , ( a  b)  c  a  (b  c )  * is not
associative., 4., , Let * be a binary operation on set of rational defined by, PT * is commutative. Also find
identity element., , Soln: a  b , , ab, ba, , ba, 4, 4, , a  b  b  a  is commutative., Let e be identity
element Q ., , ae, ae, ae, 4, e, 4, ,  ea  a,  a,  a,  1, ,  e  4 Q, , ab =, , ab, ., 4

Page 4 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 5., , 3, , Show that  : R  R defined by a * b = a - ab is neither associative nor,
commutative., , Soln: a  b  a  ab, , b  a  b  ab, a b  ba,  * is not commulative., , a  (b  c )  a  (b
 bc ),  a  a(b  bc ), , ( a  b)  c  (a  ab)  c,  a  ab  ( a  ab)c, ,  a  ab  abc, ,  a  ab  ac  abc, , a 
(b  c )  ( a  b)  c   is not associative., 6., , A binary operation ^ on set { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a ^ b =
min (a, b) . Write, the operation table., , Soln:, , ^, , 1, , 2, , 3, , 4, , 5, , 1, , 1, , 1, , 1, , 1, , 1, , 2, , 1, , 2, , 2, , 2, , 2,
, 3, , 1, , 2, , 3, , 3, , 3, , 4, , 1, , 2, , 3, , 4, , 4, , 5, , 1, , 2, , 3, , 4, , 5, , THREE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Show that
the relation R in the set of integers given by R = { (x, y) : x – y is an, integer } is an equivalence relation., ,
Soln: ( x , x ) R  x  x  0  R, ,  R is reflexive., For ( x , y )  R  x  y  Z, ,   ( x  y)  Z,  y  x Z,  ( y, x
)  R, ,  R is symmetric.,
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(x , z)  R,  R is transitive.  R is equivalence relation.

Page 5 :
4, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 2., , Show that the relation R in the set T of all triangles in a plane given by,
R = { (T1, T2) : T1 congruent to T2 }, is an equivalence relation., , Soln: WKT, T1 is congruent to T1  (T1 ,
T1 )  R  R is reflexive., , (T1 , T2 )  R  T1 is congruent to T2.,  T2 is congruent to T1.,  (T2 , T1 )  R, 
R is symmetric., For (T1 , T2 ) and (T2 , T3 )  R  T1 congruent to T2 and T2 congruent to T3., ,  T1
congruent to T3.,  (T1 , T3 )  R,  R is transitive., R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive., ,  R is
equivalence relation., 3., , Show that the relation R in the set of all integers Z defined by R = { (a, b) : 2,
divides a – b} is an equivalence relation., , Soln: ( a , b)  R, ,  2 divided a – b, , 2 divides 0  2 divides a – a,
,  ( a, a )  R,  R is reflexive., , ( a , b)  R, ,  2 divides a – b,  2 divides – (a – b),  2 divides b – a,  (b, a ) 
R,  R is symmetric., , For ( a , b) and (b, c )  R  2 divides a – b and 2 divides b – c., ,  2 divides a – b + b –
c,  2 divides a – c,  ( a, c )  R,  R is transitive., R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive., ,  R is
equivalence relation.

Page 6 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 4., , 5, , D et er m i n e w h et h er t h e r el at i on R in the set A = { 1, 2, 3, . . . 14}
defined as, R = { (x, y) : 3x – y = 0} is reflexive, symmetric and transitive., , Soln: R = { (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4,
12) }, , 5., , (1, 1)  R but 1  A, , , , R is not reflexive., , (1, 3)  R but (3, 1)  R, , , , R is not symmetric., , (1,
3) and (3, 9)  R (1, 9)  R, , , , R is not transitive., , Show that the relation R = { (L1, L2) : L1 is parallel to
L2 } where L is set of all, lines in XY-plane, is equivalence relation., , Soln: (L1, L1)  R since L1 is parallel
to L1  R is reflexive., , ( L1 , L 2 )  R, ,  L1 is parallel to L2,  L2 is parallel to L1, ,  (L2, L1)  R.  R is
symmetric., (L1, L2) and (L2, L3)  R,  L1 parallel to L2 and L2 is parallel to L3.,  L1 is parallel to L3., 
(L1, L3)  R,  R is transitive., R is symmetric, reflexive and transitive  R is equivalence relation., 6., ,
Show that the relation R on A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } given by R = { (a, b) : |a – b| is, even } is equivalence
relation., , Soln: | a – a | = 0 is even., ,  ( a , a )  R .  R is reflexive., ( a , b)  R, ,  | a – b | is even.,  |b – a |
is even.,  (b, a )  R .  R is symmetric., , ( a , b) and (b, c )  R, ,  |a – b| is even and |b – c| is even.,  | a – b
+ b – c | is even.,  | a – c | is even., , , ( a , c )  R .  R is transitive., , R is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive., ,  R is equivalence relation., 7., , Show that the relation R is defined by R  { ( a , b) : a  b } is
reflexive and, transitive but not symmetric., , Soln: Let ( a , b)  R, ,  ab, , a = a  ( a, a )  R, ,  R is
reflexive.

Page 7 :
6, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , , , ( a , b) and (b, c )  R, , a  b and b  c, ,  ac,  ( a , c )  R .  R is
transitive., (1, 2)  R  1  2, but, 2  1  (2,1)  R .  R is symmetric., , FIVE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., ,
Check the injectivity and surjetivity of the function f : R  R defined by, , f(x) = 3 - 4x . Is it a bijective
function?, Soln: Let, x1 , x2  R, , and, , f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ), 3  4 x1  3  4x 2, 4 x1   4 x 2, x1  x 2, ,  f is
injective or one-one., Let y  co-domain (R),, , f (x )  y, 3  4x  y, 4 x  y  3, 3 y, x,  Domain ( R ), 4, , 
f is surjective or onto., f is both injective and surjective.  f is bijective., 2., , Verify whether the function f
: N  N defined by f ( x )  x 2 is one-one, onto, and bijective., , Soln: Let, x1 , x 2  N ,, , f ( x1 )  f ( x 2 ), x12
 x 22, x1  x 2, ,  f is 1-1., Range = { 1, 4, 9 . . . }, Co-domain = N., Co-domain  Range., (OR), ,  f is not
onto.  f is not bijective., , y  N , f (x )  y, x2  y, x , , y  N, ,  f is not onto.  f is not bijective.

Page 8 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 3., , 7, , State whether the function f : R  R defined by f(x) = 1 + x 2 is one-one,
onto, and bijective., , f ( x1 )  f ( x 2 ), , Soln: Let, x1 , x 2  R ,, , 1  x12  1  x 22, x12  x 22, x1   x2,  f
is not one-one., (OR), , f (1)  1  (1)2  1  1  2, f ( 1)  1( 1)2  1  1  2, f (1)  f ( 1), , but 1   1 .  f
is not one-one., Let f ( x )  y  R (co-domain)., , 1  x2  y, x 2  y 1, x  y  1  R (Domain),  f is not onto.
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 f is not bijective., 4., , Show that the signum function f : R  R given by,, , 1 if x > 0, , f(x) = 0 if x = 0 is
neither one-one nor onto., -1 if x < 0, , Soln: In signum function, f(1) = 1 = f(2).  f is not one-one., Co-
domain of signum function = R., Range = { 1, 0, –1}, Codomain  Range, ,  f is not onto.  f is not
bijective., * * *

Page 9 :
8, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-2, , Inverse Trigonometric Functions, ONE MARK QUESTIONS,
1., , Write the domain of sin -1 x or cos -1 x., , Ans: [–1, 1]., 2., , Write the domain of tan–1 x or cot–1x., ,
Ans: R., 3., , What is the domain of sec–1x or cosec–1x., , Ans: R – (–1, 1)., 4., Ans:, , 5., , Write the range
of sin–1x., ,    .,  2 , 2 , , , Write the principal value branch of cos–1x., , Ans: 0 , , 6., Ans:,
7., Ans:, 8., , Write the range of tan–1 x., ,    ,  2 , 2, , , Write the range of cot–1 x., , 0 , ,
Write the principal value branch of sec–1x., , , 2 , , Ans: 0 ,     , 9., Ans:, , Write the
principal value branch of cosec–1 x., ,   ,  2 , 2  , , , , 0, TWO MARK QUESTIONS, , 1., , -1, , 
1 , .,  2, , Find the principal value of sin 

Page 10 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 9, ,  1 ,   y,  2, 1, , sin y ,  sin  , 2, 4, ,  y , 4,  1  , , ,  2
4, , 1, Soln: sin , , sin 1, , 2., , , , Find the principal value of cot -1  -, , Soln:, , cot, , 1, , ,  1 , ,   y,
 3, 1, , cot y ,   cot  , 3, 3, , cot 1, 3., , , ,  cot    , 3, , 2, y , 3,   1  2, , , 3,
 3, ,  -1 , ., 2, , Find the principal value of sin -1 , , Soln: sin, , 1, , sin 1, 4., , 1 ,  ., 3, ,  1 ,  2
  y,  , 1, , sin y ,   sin  , 2, 6,   ,  sin , ,  6 , , y , 6,  1  ,  2  6,  , ,  -1 ,
., 2, , Find the principal value of cos -1 , ,  1 ,   y,  2 , , Soln: cos1 , , cos y , , 1, ,   cos 
, 2, 3, , , ,  2 ,  cos      cos  , 3, ,  3 , , 2, 3,   1  2, cos1   , 3,  2 , y 

Page 11 :
10, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 5., ,  , , Find the principal value of tan-1 - 3 ., , , , Soln: tan 1  3, , , ,  y,
, , tan y   3   tan  , 3,  ,  tan   ,  3, , 3, ,  3  , 3, y  , , tan 1, 6., , , , , , -1, ,  2 ,
.,  3, , Find the principal value of sec , ,  2 ,   y,  3, 2, , sec y ,  sec  , 3, 6, , y , 6,  2 
, sec 1 , ,  3 6, , 1, Soln: sec , , 7., ,  , , Find the principal value of cosec -1 - 2 ., , , , Soln: cosec
1  2, , , ,  y, , cosec y   2, ,  ,   cosec    cosec   , 4,  4, , y  , 4, , cosec 1 2  ,
4,  1,  1, 8. Find the value of tan -1 (1) + cos -1  -  + sin -1  -  .,  2,  2,  1  1 ,  2 , 1, 1
 1  , , , Soln: tan (1)   cos     sin     , 4 3 6,  2,  2 , , ,  , ,  45  120  30, 
135, , , 3, 4

Page 12 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 9., , 11, , Find the value of tan, , -1, , 3  sec -1 (-2) ., , , 2, , 3, 3,   2, , , 
, 3, 3, , Soln: tan 1 3  sec 1 ( 2) , , 10., , -1, , , , Find the value of cos  -, , , , 1 , ., 2, , 1 , 1 ,
Soln: cos  ,   y, 2, , 1, cos y , 2, , , ,  cos    , 4, 4, , 3,  cos, 4, 3, y , 4,  1 , 3,
cos1 ,  , 4,  2,   cos, , 11., , Soln:, , 1, 2, , 1, 2, , Find the value of cos-1   + 2 sin -1   ., ,
, 1 , 1 , , cos1    2 sin 1   ,  2 , 3, 2, 2, 6, , , , , 3, 3, 2, , 3, , * * *

Page 13 :
12, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-3, , Matrices, ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Define a diagonal
matrix., , Ans: A square matrix is said to be a diagonal matrix if all its non-diagonal elements are, zero.,
2., , If a matrix has 8 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?, , Ans: Factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8.,
Possible orders are : 1  8 ,, 3., Ans:, 4., , 8 1 ,, , 2 4,, , 42, , Construct a 2  2 matrix A = [aij], whose
elements are given by aij , , a, A   11,  a21, , i, ., j, , a12 , 1 12 , , , , a22 , 2 1 , , Define a
scalar matrix., , Ans: A diagonal matrix is said to be a scalar matrix, if its diagonal elements are equal., 5.,
, Define unit matrix (Identity matrix)., , Ans: A diagonal matrix is said to be a unit matrix if each diagonal
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element is equal to one., , THREE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , For any square matrix A with real numbers,
prove that, (a) ( A  A ') is a, symmetric matrix; (b) ( A  A ') is a skew symmetric matrix., , Soln: Let, , Let, ,
B, B', , B', , =, =, =, =, , A + A', (A + A')', A' + (A')', A' + A, , B', , =, , B  (A + A')' = A + A',  ( A  A ') is a
symmetrix matrix., , C,  C', , =, =, =, =, =, =, , A – A', (A – A')', A' – (A')', A' – A, – (A – A'), – C  (A – A') = – (A –
A')', , C', ,  ( A  A ') is a skew symmetrix matrix.

Page 14 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 2., , 13, , 3 5 ,  as sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrix., 1 -1, ,
Express A = , , 3 5 , 3 1 , A,  A'  , , , 1 1, 5 1, , Soln: Given,, , 6 6 , A  A'  , , 6 2
, , and, ,  0 4, A  A'  , ,  4 0 , , 1,  ( A  A ')  ( A  A ') , 2, 1, 1,  ( A  A ')  ( A  A '), 2, 2, 
Symmetric + Skew Symmetric, , WKT, A , , 3., , If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order,
then show that (AB) is, symmetric if and only if AB = BA., , Soln: Given, A = A' and B = B', If AB is
symmetric, (AB) = (AB)', = B'A' [ Law of transposes.], = BA, , [  Given.], ,  AB = BA, Conversely, if, , AB, ,
= BA, , (AB)' = (BA)', = A'B' [ Law of transposes.], (AB)' = AB, ,  AB is symmetric., 4., , 1 5,  , verify
that, 6, 7, , , , For the matrix A = , , i) (A + A') is a symmetric matrix., , 1 5 ,   A' , 6 7 ,  2 11 , A
 A'  , , 11 14 , , Soln: Given, A  , ,  A  A ' ', , ii) (A – A') is a skew symmetric matrix., , 1 6 , 5 7
, , , ,  2 11 ,  , , 11 14 , , From equations (1) and (2), ( A  A ') , ,  ( A  A ') is a symmetric
matrix., , . . . (1), , . . . (2), ,  A  A ' '

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14, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 0 1, A  A'  , , 1 0 ,  0 1,  0  1,  ,  , , ,  1 0 , 1 0 , 
A  A ' '   ( A  A '), ,  A  A ' ', or, , ( A  A ')   ( A  A ')',  (A – A') is a skew symmetric matrix., , 5., , If
A and B are invertible matrices of the same order, then prove that, (AB)–1 = B–1A–1., , Soln: WKT, ( AB
) ( AB )1  I, Premultiply o.b.s by A–1., , Premultiply o.b.s by B–1., , B 1  B( AB )1   B 1 A 1, , A
1 ( AB ) ( AB )1   A 1 I, ( A 1 A )B ( AB )1  A 1, , ( BB 1 )( AB )1  B 1 A 1, , I B ( AB )1  A
1, , I ( AB )1  B 1 A 1, , B( AB )1  A 1, ,  ( AB )1  B 1 A 1, , B( AB )1  A 1, , FIVE MARKS
QUESTIONS, 1., , 1 2, 2 0 , 1 1, , B = , and C = , , ,  , calculate AC, BC and (A + B)C., 2 1, 1
3 , 2 3, , If A = , , Also show that (A + B)C = AC + BC., , 1 2 1 1 , 1  4 1  6 ,  , , , , , 2 1 
2 3 , 2  2 2  3 , , Soln: AC  , , 5 7 , AC  , , 4 5 , , . . . (1), , 2 0  1 1 , 2  0 2  0 , BC  ,
 , , , , , 2 3  2 3, 1  6 1  9 , 2 2 , BC  , , 7 10 , 3 2 , AB  , , 3 4 , , . . . (2)

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 15, ,  A  B C, , 3 2  1 1  3  4 3  6 ,  ,  ,  , , 3 4  2 3 3 
8 3  12, ,  A  B C, , 7 9,  , , 11 15, , . . . (3), , 5 7 , 2 2 , AC  BC  ,  , , , 4 5 , 7 10
, 7 9, AC  BC  , , 11 15, , [From Equation (1) and (2).], , . . . (4), , From Equation (3) and (b), (A +
B) C = AC + BC., , 4 1 2 , 1 2 -3, 3 -1 2, , , , , , , 2. If A = 5 0 2 , B = 4 2 5 and C =  0 3 2 then,,
, , , , 1 -2 3, 1 -1 1 , 2 0 3, compute (A+B) and (B – C). Also verify A + (B – C) = ( A + B)
– C., , 1 2 3, , 2  , Soln: A  B  5 0, 1 1 1 , ,  3 1 2 , 4 1 1, 4 2 5   9 2 7 , , , , ,
2 0 3 , 3 1 4 , ,  3 1 2 , 4 1 2 ,  1 2 0 , , , , , B  C  4 2 5   0 3 2   4 1 3
, 2 0 3 , 1 2 3 ,  1 2 0 , 1 2 3,  1 2 0 , , , A  ( B  C )  5 0 2    4 1 3 ,
1 1 1 ,  1 2 0 , 0 0 3, A  ( B  C )  9 1 5 , 2 1 1 , , . . . (1), ,  4 1  1, 4 1 2 , , ,
( A  B )  C  9 2 7   0 3 2, 3 1 4 , 1 2 3 , 0 0 3, ( A  B )  C  9 1 5 , 2 1 1
, From Equation (1) and (2),, , . . . (2), A + (B – C) = (A + B) – C.

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16, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, ,  0 6 7, 0 1 1, 2, , , , , 3. If A = -6 0 8 , B = 1 0 2 and C =  -2 ,, ,
, , ,  ,  7 -8 0, 1 2 0,  3 , then compute AC, BC and (A + B)C. Also verify that (A + B)C =
AC + BC., ,  0 6 7  2 ,  0  12  21 , 9, , , , , , ,  , Soln: AC  6 0 8, ,   2   12  0 
24   12 ,  7 8 0   3 ,  14  16  0 , 30 , 0 1 1   2 , 0  2  3 , 1 , , , , , ,
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, BC  1 0 2  2  2  0  6    8 , 1 2 0   3 , 2  4  0 ,  2,  0 6 7, 0 1 1
, 0 7 8, , , , , A  B   6 0 8   1 0 2    5 0 10 ,  7 8 0 , 1 2 0 ,  8 6 0 , 0
7 8 2,  0  14  24 , , , , , ( A  B )C   5 0 10   2   10  0  30 ,  8 6 0   3 ,
 16  12  0 , 10 , ( A  B )C  20 , 28 , , . . . (1), , 9, 1 , 10 , , , , , AC  BC  12 
  8   20 , 30 ,  2 , 28 , , . . . (2), , From equation (1) and (2), (A + B) C = AC + BC., ,
1,  , 4. If A =  -4  , B = -1 2 1 , verify that (AB)' = B'A',  3 ,  1,  , Soln: A '  1 4 3
and B '   2 ,  1 , 1 ,  1 2 1 , , , AB   4  1 2 1, AB   4 8 4 , ;,  3 ,  3 6
3 
Page 18 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 17, ,  1 4 3 ,  AB  '   2 8 6 ,  1 4 3 , , . . . (1), ,   1, B ' A '   2
 1 4 3,  1 ,  1 4 3, B ' A '   2 8 6 ,  1 4 3 , , ... (2), , From Equation (1) and (2),
(AB)' = B'A'., , 1 2 3 , , , 5. If A = 3 -2 1 then show that A3 – 23A – 40I = 0., 4 2 1, , Ans:, , A, , 2, ,
1 2 3 1 2,  AA   3 2 1   3 2, 4 2 1  4 2, 1  6  12 2  4  6, A 2   3  6  4 6  4 
2,  4  6  4 8  4  2, A, , A, , 3, , 2, , 3, 1 , 1 , 323 , 9  2  1 , 12  2  1, , 19 4 8 ,   1
12 8 , 14 6 15, , 19 4 8 ,  A A   1 12 8 , 14 6 15, 19  12  32, 3, A   1  36  32,
14  18  60, 63 46 69 , 3, A  69 6 23 , 92 46 63 , 2, , LHS = A3 – 23A – 40I, , 1 2 3, 3
2 1 , , , 4 2 1 , 38  8  16, , 57  4  8 , 2  24  16 3  12  8 , 28  12  30 42  6  15 

Page 19 :
18, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 63 46 69 , 1 2 3, 1 0 0 , , , , ,  69 6 23   23 3 2 1   40
0 1 0 , 92 46 23 , 4 2 1 , 0 0 1 , 63 46 69 , 23 46 69 , 40 0 0 , , , , ,  69 6
23   69 46 23    0 40 0 , 92 46 63 , 92 46 23 ,  0 0 40 , 40 0 0 , 40 0 0 , , ,
  0 40 0    0 40 0 ,  0 0 40 ,  0 0 40 , , 0 0 0 ,  0 0 0   0, 0 0 0 , ,  A3 – 23A
– 40I = 0., , Try Yourself,  4 3, y z,  , , ,  x 5, 1 5 , , 1., , Find the values of x, y and z if , , 2., ,
Find the transpose of , , 3., , If a matrix has 5 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?, , 4., ,
Construct a 2  2 matrix A  a ij  , whose elements are given by |3i  j|., 2, , 5., , If A  , , 1 1,  .,
2 3 , , 1, ,  cos  sin  ,  , then verify that A'A = I.,   sin  cos  , ,  3 4,  1 2 1 , , , 6. If A '  
1 2  and B  ,  then verify that (A+B)' = A' + B', 1, 2, 3, , ,  0 1 , 7., ,  3 1, 2,  , show that A –
5A + 7I = 0., , 1, 2, , , , If A  , , 0 ,  , 8. If A  1 and B  1 5 7 , then verify that (AB)' = B'A'.,  ,
 2 ,  1 2 3 ,  4 1 5, , , , , 9. If A  5 7 9 and B  1 2 0 then verify that (A–B)' = A' – B', , , ,
,  2 1 1 ,  1 3 1 , * * *

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 19, , Chapter-4, , Determinants, ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Find the value
of x if, , 3 x, x 1, , =, , 3 2, 4 1, , ., , 3 x, 3 2, , x 1, 4 1, , Soln: We have, ,  3  x2  3  8  x2  8  x   8   2
2, 2., , 1 2,  then find the value of |2A|., 3 4, , If A = , , 1 2 , 2 4 ,  2A  , , , 3 4 , 6 8 , 2 4,
 |2 A | ,  16  24   8, 6 8, , Soln: Given: A  , , 3., , If A is a square matrix with |A| = 6. Find the value
of |AA'|., , Soln: |AA'| = |A| . |A'| = |A| . |A| = 6.6 = 36., 4., , 1 2 ,  then find the adjoint of A., 3 4, , If A =
, , 1 2 , , 3 4 , , Soln: A  , 5., , If A is an invertible matrix of order 2 then find |A–1|., , Soln: | A1 |
, 6., ,  4 2 ,  adjA  , ,  3 1 , , 1, | A|, , If A is an invertible matrix of order 2  2 such that |A| = 5,
then find |A–1|, , 1, Soln: | A | , , 1, 1, , | A|, 5

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20, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 7., ,  2 3,  , find |adj A|., 5 8, , If A = , ,  8 3, ,  5 2 , , Soln: adj A
 , , | adjA |  16  15  1, , TWO MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Find area of the triangle with vertices (–2, –
3), (3, 2) and (–1, –8) using, determinants., , Soln: Given, A (–2, –3), B (3, 2) , C (–1, –8), , 1, Area of the
triangle , 2, , , 1 8 1, , 1,  2(2  8)  3(3  1)  1(24  2), 2, ,  Area of the triangle =, 2., , 2 3 1, 3 2
1, , 1, 1,  20  12  22  | 30 |  15 sq. units., 2, 2, , Find the value of K if area of triangle is 4 square
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units and vertice are, (K, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2)., , 1, Soln:  4 , 2, , k, , 0 1, , 1, 4 0 1   4   k (0  2)  1(8), 2, 0 2
1, ,   8   2 k  8   2 k  8  8, 2k  0, k 0, 3., , , , , , or  2k  8  8, or, 2k  16, or,  k 8, , Find the
equation of the line joining (1, 2)and (3, 6) using determinants., , Soln: Let (x, y) be any point on the line
joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 6). Now they are, collinear., , x, , y 1, ,  1 2 1 0, 3 6 1,  x (2  6)  y (1  3)
 1(6  6)  0,   4x  2 y  0  2x  y  0, or y  2 x.

Page 22 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 4., , 21, , Show that the points A (a, b+c), B (b, c+a), C (c, a+b) are collinear., ,
Soln: The given points are collinear iff  ABC  0 ., , a bc 1,  b c  a 1  a  c  a  a  b   ( b  c )  b  c
  1  b ( a  b )  c (c  a ) , c a b 1,  a(c  b)  (b 2  c 2 )   ab  b 2  c 2  ca ,  ac  ab  b 2  c 2
 ab  b 2  c 2  ca,  0, Hence A, B and C are collinear., 5., , If A is an invertible matrix of order 2, then
show that | A-1 | =, , 1, ., | A|, , Soln: A is an invertible matrix., , AA1  I, A1 A  I, , [ I is a unit matrix.], ,
1, , | AA |  |1|, | A | . | A1 |  1, , , | A1 | , , 1, | A|, , FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., ,  3 1, 2, 
satisfies the equation A – 5A + 7I = 0, then find the inverse of, -1, 2, , , , If A = , , A using this equation
where I is the identity matrix of order 2., ,  3 1, ,  1 2 , , Soln: We have A  , , Given: A2 – 5A + 7I =
0, ,  A2 – 5A = –7I.,  A.A – 5A = –7I, , . . . (1), , Multiply by A–1 both sides of (1) from left side., ,  A. A (
A1 )  5 AA1   7 IA1, A( AA1 )  5 I  7 A1, A.I  5 I   7 A1, 1,  A1   ( A  5 I ), 7, 1, or, A1 
(5I  A), 7, , . . . (2)

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22, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, ,  3 1 , 1  5 0 ,  , , , , 7  0 5 ,  1 2  , 1  2 1,  , 7  1
3 , , 1, (2)  A , ,  A1, , 2., ,  2 3, 2,  satisfies the equation A – 4A + I = 0, then find the inverse, 1,
2, , , , If A = , , 1 0 , 0 0, and 0 = , , ., 0 1 , 0 0, , of A, where I = , ,  2 3, , 1 2, , Soln: We
have, A  , , A2 – 4A + I = 0, , Given,, , I = 4A – A2, I = A (4 – A), Multiply A–1 both sides,, , A1 I  A1 . A
(4  A), A1  I (4  A), A1  4 I  AI, A1  4 I  A, 4, A1  , 0, 2, A1  ,  1, , 0,  2 3,  , , ,
4, 1 2, 3, 2 , , FIVE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Solve, 4x + 3y + 2z = 60, 2x + 4y + 6z = 90, 6x + 2y +
3z = 70 by matrix method., , Soln: By data,, , 4x + 3y + 2z = 60, 2x + 4y + 6z = 90, 6x + 2y + 3z = 70, , The
system of equations can be written as, AX = B., , 4 3 2, x,  60 , , , , , A   2 4 6  ; X   y  ; B 
 90 ,  6 2 3 ,  z ,  70 

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 23, , | A |  4(12  12)  3(6  36)  2(4  24)  0  90  40  50  0., ,  A1
exists., To find Adj A :, , A11  (12  12)  0., , A12   (6  36)  30., , A21   (9  4)   5. A22  (12  12)
 0., A31  (18  8)  10., , A13  (4  24)   20, A23   (8  18)  10, , A23   (24  4)   20. A33  (16
 6)  10, ,  0 5 10 ,  adj A   30 0 20 ,  20 10 10 , , We have,, , X , , adj A, .B, | A|, ,  0 5
10   60, 1 ,  X , 30 0 20  90 , ,   , 50,  20 10 10   70,  4,  X  8 ,  ,  8 ,
 x, 4, , ,  y  8   x  4 ; y  8 ; z  8,  ,  ,  z , 8 , , 2., , Solve the system of equations
by matrix method., 2x + 3y + 3z = 5, x – 2y + z = –4, 3x – y – 2z = 3, , 2 3 3 , x, 5, , , , , Soln: A 
1 2 1 ; X  y ; B   4 , , ,  ,  ,  3 1 2 ,  z ,  3 ,  | A |  2(4  1)  2 ( 2  3)  3( 1 
6)  10  15  15  40  0, To find Adj A:, A11 = ( 4 + 1) = 5., , A12 = –(–2 –3) = 5., , A13 = (–1 +6) = 5, ,
A21 = –(–6 + 3) = 3., , A22 = (–4 –9) = –13., , A23 = –(–2 –9) = 11, , A31 = (3 + 6) = 9, , A32 = –(2 –3) = 1, ,
A33 = (–4 –3) = –7

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24, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 9, 5 3, , adj A  5 13 1 , 5 11 7 , ,  A, , 1, , 9, 5 3, 1 , , 5
13 1 , , 40, 5 11 7 , , X  A 1 . B, , (OR) X , , 1, adj A . B, | A|, , 9 5, 5 3,  40 , 1, 1 , 1 ,
, , , , X, 5 13 1  .  4  , 80    2 , , , 40, 40, 5 11 7   3 ,  40 ,  1, x,
1, , ,   y    2 ,  z ,  1,  x  1; y  2 ; z   1, 3., , Solve the system of equations by
matrix method., x – y + 2z = 7, 3x + 4y – 5z = –5, 2x – y + 3z = 12, , Soln:, , 1 1 2 , x, 7, , , , , A
  3 4 5 ; XWe  use
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; B   5,  2 1 3 ,  z , 12 ,  |A| = 1 (12 – 5) + 1 (9 + 10) + 2 (–3 –
8) = 7 + 19 – 22 = 4  0., To find adj A :, A11 = (12 – 5) = 7., , A12 = –(9 + 10) = –19., , A13 = (–3 –8) = –11,
, A21 = –(–3 + 2) = 1. A22 = (3 – 4) = –1., , A23 = –(–1 + 2) = –1., , A31 = (5 – 8) = –3., , A33 = (4 + 3) = 7., ,
A32 = –(5 –6) = 11., , 1 3,  7, , adj A   19 1 11 ,  11 1 7 , ,  X , , 1, . adj A. B, | A|

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 25, , 1 3  7 ,  7, 1 ,  X , 19 1 11   5, , 4,  11 1 7  12
, x, 8, 1 , , ,   y   4 , 4,  z , 12, , , , x,  2, , ,   y    1 ,  z ,  3
, ,  x  2, y  1, z  3 ., 4., Soln:, , Solve the system of linear equations 2x – 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y – 4z = –
5,, x + y – 2z =–3 by matrix method., 2x – 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y – 4z = –5, x + y – 2z = –3, ,  2 3 5 ,  x,
 11 , , , , , A   3 2 4  ; X   y  ; X   5, 1 1 2 ,  z ,  3,  | A |  2( 4  4)  3(
6  4)  5(3  2)  0  6  5   1  0, To find adj A :, A11 = (–4 + 4) = 0, , A12 = – (–6 + 4) = 2, , A13 = (3 –
2) = 1, , A21 = –(6 –5) = –1, , A22 = (–4 –5) = –9, , A23 = –(2 + 3) = –5, , A31 = (12 – 10) = 2, , A32 = – (–8
–15) = 23, , A33 = (4 + 9) = 13, ,  0 1 2 ,  adj A   2 9 23, 1 5 13 , , X , , 1, . adj A . B, | A|, , 
0 1 2   11 , 1, 1 ,  X, 2 9 23  5   2, 1 ,  1 5 13   3,  3, x, 1 ,
, ,   y    2 ,  z ,  3 ,  x  1, y  2, z  3.

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26, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 5., , Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method., 3x – 2y + 3z
= 8, 2x + y – z = 1, 4x – 3y + 2z = 4, , Soln:, ,  3 2 3 ,  x, 8 , , , , ,  A   2 1 1 , X   y  , B  
1 ,  4 3 2 ,  z ,  4 ,  | A |  3(2  3)  2(4  4)  3(6  4)  17  0, ,  A, , 1, , A11 = –1, ,
A12 = –8, , A13 = –10, , A21 = –5, , A22 = –6, , A23 = 1, , A31 = –1, , A32 = 9, , A33 = 7, ,  1 5 1, 1 ,
   8 6 9 , 17,  10 1 7 , ,  1 5 1  8 , 1 ,  X  A . B    8 6 9   1 , 17,  10 1
7   4 , 1, , x,  17 , 1, 1 , , , ,   y  , 34    2 , , 17,  z ,  51,  3 ,
 x  1, y  2, z  3., 6., , Solve the system of linear equations by matrix method., x + y + z = 6, 0x + y + 3z
= 11, x – 2y + z = 0., , Soln: (Try Yourself.), ***

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 27, , Chapter-5, , Continuity and Differentiation, Definition: A function f(x) is
said to be continuous at x = a, if, i) f(a) exists., ii) lim f ( x ) exists or both lim f ( x ) and lim f ( x ) both exists
and equal., x a, , x a , , iii) lim f ( x )  f ( a ), x a, , x a , , OR lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  f ( a ) OR LHL =
RHL = f(a), x a, , x a, , ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Differentiate sin ( x 2 + 5) w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y 
sin ( x 2  5) , 2., , Differentiate cos (sin x ) w.r.t. x., , dy,   sin (sin x )  cos x, dx, , Soln: Let y = cos (sin x )
, , 3., , Differentiate cos x w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y = cos x , 4., , dy, 1,   sin x , dx, 2 x, , Differentiate sin( x
2 ) w.r.t. x., 2, , Soln: Let y = sin( x ) , 5., , dy,  cos( x 2 )  2x, dx, , Differentiate sin(ax + b) w.r.t. x., , Soln:
Let y = sin( ax  b) , 6., , dy,  cos ( x 2  5)  2x, dx, , Differentiate e sin, , Soln: Let y = esin, , 1, , x, , , , -1,
, x, , dy,  cos( ax  b)  a, dx, , w.r.t. x., , dy,  esin, dx, , 1, , x, , , , 1, 1  x2

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28, , 7., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, 3, , Differentiate e x w.r.t. x., , dy, , 3,  ex, Soln: Let y = e x , dx, , 8., , dy,
1, 1, , , dx, log x x, , Differentiate e  x w.r.t. to x., , Soln: Let y = e  x , 10., ,  3x 2, , Differentiate log
(log x ), x > 1 w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y = log (log x ) , , 9., , 3, , dy,   ex, dx, , Differentiate sin(log x ) w.r.t. x., ,
Soln: Let y = sin(log x ) , , dy, 1,  cos(log x ) , dx, x, , TWO MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , , , Differentiate sec
tan( x ), , , , Soln: Let y = sec tan( x ), ,  w.r.t. x., , , , dy,  sec tan( x )  tan tan( x )  sec2, dx, , , , 2., , , , , ,
, , x, , Differentiate 2 cot( x 2 ) w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y = 2 cot( x 2 ), , dy, 1,  2.,   cosec 2 ( x 2 )  2x, 2, dx,
2 cot( x ), dy, , dx, 3., , 1, ,   cosec2 ( x 2 )  2x, , 2, , cot( x ), , , ), , , , Differentiate sin cos( x2 ) w.r.t. x., ,
, , Soln: Let y = sin cos( x, , 2, , dy,  cos cos( x 2 )   sin( x 2 )  2x, dx, , , , , , OR, , 1, 2 x

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30, , 9., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , e, , Differentiate, , Soln: Let, , y=, , e, , ., , x, , dy, 1, , dx, 2 e, 10., , x, ,  e,
x, , x, , , , 1, 2 x, , Differentiate cos (log x + e x ) ., , Soln: Let y = cos (log x  e x ), , dy, 1, ,   sin (log x  e
x )    e x , dx, x, , 11., , Differentiate x, , Soln: Let, , sin x, , , x > 0 w.r.t. x., , y = x sin x, , Taking log on
both sides,, , log y  log x sin x, log y  sin x . log x, Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x., , 1 dy, 1,  sin x ,  log
x . cos x, y dx, x, dy, 1, , ,  y sin x .,  log x . cos x , dx, x, , , dy, 1, , ,  x sin x sin x .,  log x cos x ,
dx, x, , , 12., , cos x, Differentiate (log x), w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y = (log x )cos x, Taking log on both sides, ,
log y  log (log x )cos x, log y  cos x . log (log x ), Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x., , 1 dy, 1, 1,  cos x , , 
log (log x ) (  sin x ), y dx, log x x, , 1 dy, , 1, 1, ,  y cos x , ,  log (log x ) (sin x ) , y dx, log x x, , , dy,
, 1, 1, ,  (log x )cos x  cos x , ,  log (log x ) (sin x ), dx, log x x, , 

Page 32 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 13., , 31, , Differentiate (sin x )sin x w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y = (sin x )sin x, Taking
log on both sides,, , log y  log (sin x )sin x, log y  sin x . log (sin x ), Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x., , 1 dy,
1,  sin x ,  cos x  log (sin x ) . cos x, y dx, sin x, , dy,  y cos x  log (sin x ) . cos x , dx, dy, sin x,  
sin x , cos x  log(sin x ) . cos x , dx, 14., , log x, , Differentiate (log x ), , , x > 1 w.r.t. x., , Soln: Let y =
(log x )log x, Taking log on both sides,, , log y  log (log x )log x, log y  log x . log (log x ), Differentiate both
sides w.r.t. x., , 1 dy, 1, 1, 1,  log x ., ,  log (log x ), y dx, log x, x, x, , dy, 1, 1,  y   log (log x ) , dx, x,
x, dy, 1, log x  1,   log x ,  log (log x ) , , dx, x, x, 15., , Differentiate log 7 (log x) w.r.t. x., , Soln:
Let, , y = log7 (log x ), , y, , log (log x ), log 7, , [By change of base property.], , dy, 1, d, , .,  log (log x ) ,
dx, log 7 dx, dy, 1, 1, 1, , , , dx, log 7 log x x

Page 34 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 2., , 33, , 2, 3, 4, Differentiate ( x + 3) . ( x + 4) . ( x + 5) w.r.t. x., , 2, 3, 4, Soln: Let
y  ( x  3) . ( x  4) . ( x  5), , Taking log on both sides,, , log y  log ( x  3)2 . ( x  4)3 . ( x  5)4 , log y 
log ( x  3)2  log ( x  4)3  log ( x  5)4, log y  2 log ( x  3)  3 log ( x  4)  4 log ( x  5), Differentiate
both sides w.r.t. x., , 1 dy, 1, 1, 1,  2 ,  3, 4, y dx, x 3, x 4, x 5, 3, 4 ,  2,  y, , , x 4, x  5 , x
3, dy, 3, 4 ,  2,  ( x  3)2 . ( x  4)3 . ( x  5)4 , , , , dx, x  3 x  4 x  5, 3., , Find, , dy, , if yx = xy.,
dx, , Soln: Given: yx = xy, Taking log on both sides,, , log y x  log x y, x log y  y log x, Differentiate both
sides w.r.t. x., , 1 dy, 1, dy,  log y .1  y  log x, y dx, x, dx, x dy, dy, y,  log x, ,  log y, y dx, dx, x, , x., , dy 
x, , y,  log x  ,  log y, , dx  y, x, , dy  x  y log x , y  x log y, , , , dx , y, x, , dy, y ( y  x log y ), ,
dx, x ( x  y log x )

Page 38 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 37, , FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Find the value of k such that the
function f defined by, , kx2 , if x  2, f ( x)  , if x  2 is continuous at x = 2., 3,, Soln: At x = 2, f (2)  k .
(2)2  4 k, 2, 2, LHL : lim f ( x )  lim kx  k . (2)  4k, x a, , x 2, , f ( x )  lim 3  3, RHL : xlim, a , x
2, Given f(x) is continuous at x = 2., ,  LHL = RHL = f(2), ,  4k  3  4 k  4 k  3, 3,  k, 4, 2., , Find the
value of k such that the function f defined by, , kx  1, if x  , f ( x)  , cos x , if x   is continuous at x
  ., Soln: At x  , , f ( )  k   1, f ( x )  lim ( kx  1)  k  1, LHL: xlim, a , x , RHL: lim f ( x ) 
lim cos x  cos    1, x a, , x , , Given f ( x ) is continuous then,, LHL = RHL =  f (  ), , k   1   1 
k  1, k  1   1, k   2, 2, k  , , 3., , Find the value of k so that the function f defined by, , kx  1,,
f ( x)  , 3x  5 ,, , if x  5, if x  5 is continuous at x = 5.., , Soln: At x = 5, , f (5)  k(5)  1  5k  1

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38, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , f ( x )  lim  ( kx  1)  5k  1, LHL : xlim, a , x 5, f ( x )  lim (3x  5) 
3(5)  5  10, RHL: xlim, a , x 5, Given f(x) is continuous., L H L = RH L = f(5), , 5k  1  10  5k  1, 5k
 1  10, 5k  9, 9, k, 5, 4., , Find the value of k so that the function f defined by,, , ,  k cos x,   - 2x , if
x  2, f(x) = , ,  3, , if x =, , , 2 is continuous at x = ., 2, , , 2, , f   3, 2, , Soln: At x , , 0, , lim
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f ( x )  lim, x a, , k, , sin ,  1, , , , sin   x , 2,   1, lim, , , , , x, 2, 2  x, , , lim, , , 2, , k
cos x,   2x, , , , k . sin   x , 2, ,  lim, , , , k, 2  x , 2, 2, , Given f(x) is continuous at x , ,
, , sin   x , k, 2,   k 1  k,  . lim, , 2 k, 2, 2, , , 2,  x, 2, , , , 2, , k, ,  lim f ( x )  f  
, 3  k6, , 2, 2, x, , 2, 5., , Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by,, ,
ax  1 ,, f ( x)  , bx  3 ,, , if x  3, if x  3 is continuous at x = 3., , Soln: At x = 3, f(3) = a (3) + 1 = 3a + 1, ,
f ( x )  lim ax  1  3a  1, LHL: xlim, a , x 3, f ( x )  lim bx  3  3b  3, RHL: xlim, a , x 3
Page 40 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 39, , Given f(x) is continuous., LHL = RHL = f(3), , 3a  1  3b  3  3a  1,  3a 
1  3b  3,  3a  3b  3  1,  3( a  b)  2,  a b , 6., , 2, 3, , OR a  b , , 2, 3, , Find the values of a and b
such that the function defined by,, , if, 5,, , f(x) = ax + b, if, 21,, if, , , x2, 2 < x < 10, x  10, , is a
continous function., , Soln: At x = 2, f(2) = 5, , f ( x )  lim 5  5, LHL : xlim, a , x 2, f ( x )  lim ax  b 
a(2)  b  2a  b, RHL : xlim, a , x 2, Given: LHL = RHL = f(2), 5 = 2a + b = 5, 2a + b = 5, , . . . (1), , At x =
10, f(10) = 21, , f ( x )  lim ax  b  a(10)  b  10a  b, LHL : xlim, a , x 10, f ( x )  lim 21  21, RHL :
xlim, a , x 10, Given: LHL = RHL = f(10), 10a + b = 21 = 21, 10a + b = 21, Solving (1) and (2), , . . . (2),
(1) becomes, , 2a  b , Subtracting, , 5, , 10a  b  21,  8a   16, a2, , 2a  b, ,  5, , 2(2)  b  5, b  54,
b 1

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44, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-6, , Application of Derivaties, ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., ,
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y  x3  x at x = 2., 3, , Soln: Given curve is y  x  x,
Differentiate w.r.t. x., , dy,  3x 2  1, dx,  dy ,  3(2)2  1  12  1  11, ,  dx  x  2, , Slope of tangent
 , 2., , Find the intervals in which the function f ( x )  x2  4x  6 is strictly, increasing., , Soln: Given
function is f ( x )  x 2  4 x  6, , f '( x )  2x  4, For strictly increasing, , f '( x )  0, 2x  4  0, 2x  4, x 2, ,
 Interval is (2,  ), 3., Soln:, , Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y  x2  3x  2 at the point
whose, x-co ordinate is 3., , y  x 2  3x  2, , dy,  2x  3, dx,  dy , Slope = ,   2(3)  3  6  3  3,  dx
x 3, 4., , Find the points at which the tangent to the curve y  x3  3x 2  9 x  7 is, parallel to the x-
axis.

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 45, , Soln: Given curve is y  x 3  3x 2  9x  7, , . . . (1), , Differentiate w.r.t. x., ,
dy,  3x 2  6x  9, dx, Given that tangent is parallel to x-axis., , dy,  0  3x 2  6 x  9  0, dx, x 2  2x  3
 0, ( x  3)( x  1)  0, x  3 or  1, When x   1, , Eqn. (1)  y = (–1)3 – (3) (–1)2 – 9 (–1) + 7 = 12, , When
x = 3, , Eqn. (1)  y = (3)3 – 3 (3)2 – 9 (3) + 7 = – 20, ,  the points are (–1, 12) and (3, –20)., , 5., , Find the
slope of the normal to the curve y  2x 2  3sin x at x = 0., , Soln: Given: y  2x 2  3sin x, , dy,  4 x  3 cos
x, dx,  dy ,  4(0)  3 cos 0  3,  dx , ,  x 0, , 1,  Slope of normal at x = 0 is  ., 3, , THREE MARKS
QUESTIONS, 1., , Find the intervals in which the function f given by f ( x )  4 x3  6x 2  72x  30, is (a)
strictly increasing; (b) strictly decreasing., , Soln: Given: f ( x )  4 x 3  6x 2  72x  30, Differentiate
w.r.t. x., , f '( x )  12x 2  12x  72, f '( x )  0  12( x 2  x  6)  0,  x 2  3x  2 x  6  0,  ( x  3)( x  2) 
0,  x  3, or  2., , , , 

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46, , 2., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Intervals, , Nature of f, , (–  , –2), , f is strictly increasing, , (–2, 3), , f is
strictly decreasing, , (3,  ), , f is strictly increasing, , Find, , the, , equation, , of, , tangent, , and, , normal, ,
to, , the, , curve, , y  x 4  6 x 3  13x 2  10 x  5 at (0, 5)., Soln: y  x 4  6 x 3  13x 2  10 x  5,
Differentiate w.r.t. x., , dy,  4 x 3  18x 2  26x  10, dx, dy ,   10, ,  dx (0, 5), , Slope of tangent at
(0, 5) is , , Equation of the tangent at (0, 5) is, y – y1 = m (x – x1), y – 5 = –10 (x – 0)  10x + y – 5 = 0,
Equation of normal at (0, 5) is y  5 , 3., , 1, ( x  0)  x  10 y  50  0, 10, , Find the two positive
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numbers whose sum is 24 and whose product is as large, as possible., , Soln: Let x and y are two positive
numbers., Given: x  y  24  y  24  x., Let f ( x )  xy, , f ( x )  x (24  x ), f ( x )  24 x  x 2, Differentiate
w.r.t. x., , f '( x )  24  2x  f ''( x )   2  0, Condition for maximum and miminum is f '( x )  0 ., , 24  2 x 
0  2x  24  x  12 .,  f ( x ) is maximum at x = 12 and y = 24 – 12 = 12.,  Required numbers are 12 and
12., 4., , Find the two positive numbers whose sum is 15 and sum of whose square is, minimum., , Soln:
Let x and y are two numbers., Given: x  y  15, , , , y  15  x
Page 48 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 47, , 2, 2, and f ( x )  x  y, , f ( x )  x 2  (15  x )2, Condition for maximum and,
minimum is, , Differentiate w.r.t. x., , f '( x )  2x  2(15  x )(0  1), f '( x )  2x  30  2x, f '( x )  4 x  30, , f
'( x )  0, 4 x  30  0, ... (1), , Again (1) Differentiate w.r.t. x., , f ''( x )  4  0 (+ve), ,  15 15 , ,,  the
function is minimum at , 2 ,  2, 15 .,  two numbers are 15 and, 2, 2, , 30, 15,  x , 4, 2, 15, 15,  y 
15 ,  x, 2, 2, x, , FIVE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of
5 cm/min and the width, y is increasing at the rate of 4 cm/min when x = 8 cm and y = 6 cm. Find the,
rate of change of (a) the perimeter; (b) the area of the rectangle., , Soln: Given:, , dx,   5cm / min,, dt, ,
dy,  4cm / min, dt, , (a) Perimeter of rectangle P  2( x  y ), Differentiate w.r.t. t., , dp,  dx dy ,  2, , ,
dt,  dt dt , dp,  2( 5  4)  2 cm / min, dt, (b) Area of rectangle = A = xy., Differentiate w.r.t. t., , dA,
dy, dx,  x.,  y., dt, dt, dt,  8 (4)  6 ( 5),  32  30, dA,  2 cm2 / min, dt

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48, , 3., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , A particle moves along the curve 6 y  x3  2 . Find the points on the
curve at, which the y-coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinates., , Soln: Given: Curve is
6 y  x 3  2, , . . . (1), , 6, , Differentiate w.r.t. t, , Given that, , dy, dx,  3x 2, dt, dt, , . . . (2), , dy, dx,  8., dt,
dt,  dx , 2, 6 8,   3x, dt, , , 3x 2  48, , From (2), ,  dx ,  dt , , , , x 2  16, x  4, If x = 4, (1), , If x
= – 4  6 y  ( 4)3  2, ,  6 y  (4)3  2, 6 y  66, y  11, , 6 y   62, y  , , 31, 3, , 31 , ,  point is  4, ,
3 , , 31, , ,  points are (4, 11) and  4, , 3 , ,  point is (4, 11), , 4., , A ladder 5 m long is leaning
against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled, along the ground, away from the wall, at the rate of 2
cm/s. How past is its, height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4m away, from wall?, ,
Soln: At any time t, let AB = 5m be the position of the ladder., Let OZ = x, OB = y.  x 2  y 2  (5)2,
Differentiate w.r.t. t., , 2x, , dy,  2y, dt, dx, x, y, dt, , dy,  0, dt, dy,  0, dt, , . . . (1), , Since, x 2  y2  25, , 
y2  25  x 2  25  x 2  25  (4)2  25  16 , dy, dy,  From (1)  4(2)  3,  0  8 3,  0, dt, dt, dy, dy, 8,
 3,  8 ,   cm / s, dt, dt, 3, , 9  3m

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 5., , 49, , A man of height 2 meters walks at uniform speed of 5 km/hr away
from a, lamp post which is 6 meters high. Find the rate at which the length of his, shadow incrases., ,
Soln: Let AB be the lamp post, MN be the man., From the fig. AM = l metre, MS = 5 metres at time t., MS
is the shadow of the man., We observe that  MSN   ASB, MS, MN, =, AS, AB, S, 2, , AS, 6, S, 1, , AS,
3, AS  3S, AM  MS  3S, l  s  3s, l  2s, dl, ds,  2, dt, dt, , ds, 1 dl, , dt, 2 dt, 1, 5,   5  km / hr, 2, 2, 5,
Hence length of the shadow increases at the rate of km / hr ., 2, Given:, , 5., , dl,  5 km / hr ,, dt, , , , A car
starts from point P at time t = 0 seconds and stops at point Q. The, t, , distance x, in meters, covered
by its in t seconds is given by x = t 2  2 -  ., 3, , Find the time taken by it to reach Q and find the
distance between P and Q., , t, , Soln: x  t 2  2  , 3, , 3, t, x  2 t2 , 3, dx, 3 t2, v ,  4t , dt, 3, ,
when v = 0,, , t=0, , or t = 4., , Therefore the car reach the point Q after t = 4 seconcs., 4, 32, , 64,
2,  x  (4)2  2    16 , mts,   16   , 3, 3, ,  3 , 3, * * *

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50, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-7, , Integrals, Integration: It is the inverse process of
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differentiation., , STANDARD RESULTS, x n1,  x dx  n  1  C, n   1, n, , , , , ,  dx  x  C,  e dx  e
 C, x, , , , , , , , x, , ax,  a dx  log a  C, , , , x, , , ,  cosec x . cot x dx   cosec x  C,  cot x dx  log|sin
x | C,  tan x dx   log|cos x |  C = log|sec x | C, , , ,  sec x dx , , log|sec x  tan x | C, , , ,  sin x dx 
 cos x  C, , , ,  cosec x dx , , , ,  cos x dx   sin x  C, , , , , , x, dx  sin 1    C, a, a2  x 2, , ,
,  sec, , a, , 2, , , ,  cosec x dx   cot x  C, , , , , , x, dx  cos1    C, a, a x, , , ,  sec x . tan x
dx  sec x  C, , , , x, , , , , , , , x, , 2, , x dx  tan x  C, , , , 2, , 1, dx  log|x | C, x, , log|cosec x  cot x |
 C, , 1, , 1, 1, x, dx  tan 1    C, 2, a, x, a, 1, , 2, , 2, , 1, 2, , x a, , 2, , 1, 2, , x a, , 2, , dx , , 1,
x, sec 1    C, a, a, , dx , , 1, x, cosec 1    C, a, a, , Properties of the Indefinite Integers,
, , , , , ,  f ( x )  g ( x ) dx   f ( x ) dx   g ( x ) dx,  f '( x ) dx  f ( x )  C, For any real numbers k,  k
f ( x )dx  k  f ( x ) dx, f '( x ), , , ,  f ( x ) dx  log f ( x )  C, , , , e, , x, , x,  f ( x ) f '( x )  dx  e f ( x )  C

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52, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , TWO MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., Soln:, , Find:, , e, , x, , e, , x, , . sec x (1 
tan x )dx, , . sec x (1  tan x )dx , , e, , x, , sec x  sec x . tan x  dx, ,  e x sec x  C, 2., , Soln:, , Find:, ,
1, , x, , 1, , x, , x, , x, , dx, , 1  1 , ,  dx, x  x 1, dt,  2, t, , dx , , , ,  2 log t  2log, , 3., , Soln:, ,
Find:, , , , Put,, , 1, 2 x, 1, , , , x 1  C, , x, ,  cot x . log(sin x ) dx , ,  t . dt , , t2, C, 2, , dx  2dt, , Put, log
(sin x )  t, , cos x, dx  dt, sin x, cot x dx  dt, , 2, , Evaluate:, , sin2 x,  1  cos x dx, , sin 2 x, 1  cos2 x, dx 
, dx , Soln: , 1  cos x, 1  cos x, , e, , 5., , dx  dt, ,  cot x . log(sin x ) dx, , log (sin x ) ,  , C, 2, 4., ,
x 1  t, , Evaluate:, , , , (1  cos x )(1  cos x ), dx, (1  cos x ), ,  (1  cos x )dx  x  sin x  C, , 1, ,  x dx, 1,
, e, , e, 1, Soln:  dx  log x |  log e e  log1  1  0  1, 1, x, 1, , , 6., , Find:, , 0, , , , Soln:, , , 0, , , ,   sin,
, 2, , x, x,  cos2  dx, 2, 2, , , 2 x, 2 x ,  sin 2  cos 2  dx , , , , , , , 0, , , ,  cos x dx   sin x, , 0, , 
(sin   sin 0) = –(0 – 0) = 0, , , , 2 x, 2 x,  cos 2  sin 2  cos x , , 

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54, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., Soln:, , Evaluate:, , dx, ,  (x  1)( x  2), ,
1, A, B, , , ( x  1)( x  2) x  1, x 2, 1 = A (x + 2) + B (x + 1), , . . . (1), , Put x = –2, in equation (1), we get, ,
Put x = –1 in equation (1), we get, , 1 = B (–2 + 1)  B = – 1., , 1 = A (–1 + 2)  A = 1, , , , 1, , 1, , 1, ,  ( x  1)(
x  2) dx   x  1 dx   x  2 dx,  log( x  1)  log( x  2)  log, , 2., Soln:, , Evaluate:, ,  tan, , 4, ,  tan, , x
dx , , , , , , , 3., , Soln:, , Evaluate:, , ( x  3), ,  ( x  1), , 3, , 4, , x 1, C, x 2, , x dx ., 2, , 2, ,  tan x tan
xdx,  tan x . sec x dx   tan x dx,  tan x . sec x dx   (sec x  1) dx,  t dt  tan x  x  C, 2, , 2, , 2, , 2, , 2, ,
Put tan x = t,, sec2x dx = dt., , 2, , 2, , t3, tan3 x,  tan x x  C ,  tan x  x  C, 3, x, , ( x  3), ,  ( x  1), , 3, ,
e x dx, , x 1  2,  ( x  1)3  dx, , ,  x 1, 2 ,   ex , , dx, 3, ( x  1)3 ,  ( x  1), , e x dx , , e, , x,
, , , e, , x, ,  ex, ,  1, 2 ,  ( x  1)2  ( x  1)3  dx, , ,  1 ,  ( x  1)2   C, , , , sin3 x  cos3 x, dx, 4.
Evaluate: , sin 2 x cos2 x, Soln:, , sin3 x  cos3 x,  sin 2 x cos2 x dx , , , cos x ,  sin x, , dx, 2, x sin 2 x
, ,   cos, ,  (sec x . tan x  cot x . cosec x ) dx, ,  sec x  cosec x  C

Page 56 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 5., , Soln:, , Evaluate:, ,  tan, , 1, , 55, ,  tan, , x dx , , 1, , x dx, ,  tan, , 1, , x .
1 dx, d, , , ,  tan 1 x, , 1dx    1 dx . dx (tan, , 1, , , )x  dx, , , Hint:, , , ,  1 ,  tan x ( x )   x. ,
dx, 2 , 1  x , 1, 2x,  tan  1 x , dx, , 2 1  x2, 1,  x tan 1 x  log(1  x 2 )  C, 2, 1, , f '( x ), dx  log f (
x )  C, f (x ), , Put:, , 1, , 6., , Evaluate:, , tan 1 x, 0 1  x 2 dx, , 1, , tan 1 x, Soln: , dx , 2, 1, , x, 0, ,  /4, ,
, 0, , /4, , t2 , t dt , , 2 0, , , ,  2, 1  2, , 0, , , 2  16,  32, , tan 1 x  t, 1, dx  dt, 1  x2, as x 
0, t  0, , as x  1, t , 4, , x2 1 x,  ( x  1)2 e dx, x2 1 x, ( x 2  1  2) x, e dx  , e dx   e x, Soln: , 2, 2, (
x  1), ( x  1), 7., , Evaluate:, ,  x 1, 2 ,  x  1  ( x  1)2  dx, , ,  x 1 ,  ex ,  C, x 1, , 8., ,
Evaluate:, , Soln: Let,, , x, ,  ( x  1)( x  2) dx, , x, A, B, , , ( x  1)( x  2), x 1 x  2, , x  A( x  2)  B( x 
1), , . . . (1), , Put x = 1 in equation (1), , Put x = 2 in equation (2), , 1 = A (1 – 2) = A = –1, , 2 = B (2 – 1) = 2., ,
, , x, ,  ( x  1) ( x  2) dx, , , ,  1, , 2 , ,   x  1  x  2  dx, ,   log( x  1)  2 log( x  2)  C,  ( x 
2)2 ,  log , C,  ( x  1) 

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Page 57 :
56, , 9., , Soln:, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Evaluate:, , dx, ,  ( x  x log x ), , dx, , dx, , , ,  ( x  x log x, ,  x
(1  log x ), , Put, 1 + log x = t ;, , 1, dx  dt, x, , dt,  log(t )  C, t,  log 1  log x  C, , , 10., , Evaluate:, , Soln:
I =, , e, , x, , e, , x, , , , sin x dx, , sin x dx  e x (  cos x )   (  cos x )e x dx,   e x cos x  e x sin x  
sin x . e x dx , , , x, x, I   e cos x  e sin x  I, 2I  e x sin x  e x cos x, ex, I, (sin x  cos x )  C, 2, , 11.,
Soln:, , Evaluate:, , x, , 2, , x, , 2, , e x dx, , e x dx  x 2 e x   e x (2x ) dx,  x 2e x  2  x e x   e x dx , ,
, 2 x, x, x,  x e  2x e  2 e  C, 2, , 12., , Evaluate:, , 1, , 1  2x, e dx, 2 , , ,   x  2x, 1, , 2, , 1  2x, 1,
e dx , Soln:   , x 2x 2 , 1, , 4, , , , 2, , 4, , , , 2, ,   t, , 1, , dt, t,  x, 2, 2, when x  1, t  2,, x  2, t
 4, , Put, 2x  t  dx , , 1 t, e . dt, 2 , , 1 4 1 2, , e  e, 4, 2, ,   t  t, 2, , , , 2  t dt, e ., 2, t 2 , , 1 t 4,
e |2, t, , FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Find, , x, , dx, and hence evaluate,  a2, , 2, , Soln: Put x = a tan 
 dx  a sec 2 , , x, , 2, , dx, .,  6x  13

Page 58 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 57, ,  I , , x, , dx, ,  a2, , 2, , a, , 2, , 1, tan   a 2, 2, , a sec 2  d, , a sec 2 
d, 1, 1,  a 2 (1  tan 2 )  a  d  a   C, 1, x,  tan 1,  C, a, a, , , x, , 2, , dx, ,  6x  13, , , 2., , Find,
, dx, ,  (x  3), , 2, , 4, , , , t, , 2, , 1, t, 1,  x 3, tan 1  C  tan 1 ,   C, 2, 2, 2,  2 , , dx,  x 2  a2
and hence evaluate, , Soln: We have,, , dt, where t = x – 3., 4, ,  3x, , 2, , dx, .,  13x  10, , 1, 1, , 2, ( x  a
)( x  a ), x a, 2, , 1  ( x  a)  ( x  a) , 1  1, 1 , , , , , , 2a  ( x  a )( x  a ) , 2a  x  a, x  a , 1, 1 
1, 1, ,   2, dx , dx  , dx , 2, , , 2a  x  a, xa, x a, , 1, , log| x  a|  log| x  a |   C, 2a , 1, x
a, , log, C, 2a, x a, , , 1, dx, , 2, 2, 3 , 13   17 , x, , , , 6   6 , , 13 17, x, , 1 1, 1, 6, 6
C,  ., log, 13 17, 3 2 17, x, , 6, 6, 6, 13 17, x, , 1, 6, 6 C, I , log, 13 17, 17, x, , 6, 6, , Let, I , ,  3x, ,
2, , dx,  13x  10, , 

Page 59 :
58, , 3., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 1, , Find the integral of, , w.r.t. x and hence evaluate, , 2, , a x, , 2, , dx, ,
, , 7  6x  x, , ., 2, , Soln: Put x = a sin   dx  a cos  d, ,  I , , 1, , , , 2, , a x, , I , , dx, , , , a cos , , , ,
2, , a  a 2 sin2 , , , ,  d, ,  C, , x, C, a, , I  sin 1, Let, , dx , , 2, , 7  6x  x, , , , 2, , , , dx, 2, , 4  ( x 
3), , 2, ,  x 3,  sin 1 , C,  4 , , 1, 4., , Find the integral of, , Soln: Let I , , 2, , x a, , 2, , w.r.t. x and
hence evaluate, , x, , dx, .,  25, , 2, , dx, , , , x 2  a2, , Put x  a sec   dx  a sec  tan  d, ,  I , , dx, , ,
, 2, , , , 2, , a sec  tan , d , a tan , , x a,  log sec   tan   C, , x2, x  x 2  a2, , 1, , log,  C1, a,
a2, , x, , a, ,  log, ,  sec  d, , Where, C = –log a + C1, ,  log x  x 2  a2  C, I , , 5., , dx, , , , , , 2, , x 
25, , 1, , Find the integral of, , 2, , x a, Soln: Let I , , , , , , , , dx, 2, , x a, , dx, x 2  a2, , , , dx, 2, , x 5, ,
2, ,  log x  x 2  52  C, , w.r.t x and hence evaluate, 2, , . Put x  a tan   dx  a sec 2 , , 2, , , , , , a sec 2
 d, a 2 tan2   a 2, ,  log sec   tan , , I  log x  x 2  a 2  C, Let I , , , , 1, 2, , , , x  2x  2, , dx , , , ,
1, ( x  1)2  1, , I  log x  1  ( x  1)2  1  C, ,  C, , 1, 2, , x  2x  2, , dx .

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 59, 2, , 6., , Find the integral of, , 1, 1, 1  ( a  x )  (a  x ) , , , 2, ( a  x )(a x ),
2a  (a  x ) ( a  x ) , a x, 1  1, 1 , , , , 2a  a  x a  x , , Soln: We have,, , , , a, , 2, , x, 1, w.r.t. x
and hence evaluate , dx ., 2, 2, 1  x6, a x, , 2, , 1, 1 , 1, 1, , dx , dx  , dx , 2, , , 2a  a  x, ax, x,
, 1, , log|a  x |  log|( a  x )|  C, 2a, 1, ax, , log, C, 2a, ax, , Let, I , , 1, , x2, , dx ,, , 2, , x , 3, , 1, ,
x 3  t  3x 2 dx  dt,  x 2 dx , , 1, dt, 3, , 1, 1 1, 1t, dt  . log, C, 3, 3 2, 1t, ,  I , , 1 t, ,  I , , 1, 1 
x3, log, 6, 1  x3, , 2, , Put, ,  C, , SIX MARKS QUESTIONS, a, , 1., , Prove that, , a, ,  f ( x ) dx, , , , 0, , a, ,
Soln:, , , , a, , f ( a  x ) dx and hence evaluate,, , 0, , 0, , a, ,  f ( x ) dx, , , , 0, ,  f (a  x ) dx, 0, , Put, a  x  t 
dx  dt, When x = 0, t = a ; when x = a, t = 0., , , , a, , 0, ,  f ( a  x ) dx , ,  f (t ) ( dt ), , 0, , , , a, , a, , a, ,  f
(t ) dt , ,  f ( x ) dx, , 0, , a, , , ,  f ( x ) dx, 0, , a, , , ,  f (a  x ) dx, 0, , , , 0, , x, x  ax, , dx .

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60, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, a, , x, , I , , Let, , x  ax, , 0, , a, , dx, , . . . (1), , a, , ax, , I, , a x  a a x,
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, 0, , dx , , , 0, , ax, ax  x, , dx, , . . . (2), , Add: (1) + (2), a, , , x, 2I   , ,  ax  x, 0, , ,  dx , a  x 
x , ax, , a, , ax  x, , , , ax  x, , 0, , dx, , a, , 2I , , 1 dx, 0, , 2 I  x |0a  2 I  a,  I , , b, , 2., , , , a, 2, b, ,
 /3, , f ( x ) dx  f ( a  b  x ) dx and hence evaluate, , , , a, , a, , , ,  /6, , 1, 1  tan x, , dx ., , b, , Soln: RHS, ,
, , f ( a  b  x ) dx, , a, , Put a  b  x  t  dx  dt, When x = a, t = b ; when x = b, t = a, a, , b, , b, ,  f (t ) (
dt ) , ,  f (t ) dt , ,  f ( x ) dx, , b, , , , a, , b, , b, ,  f ( x ) dx , ,  f (a  b  x ) dx, , a, ,  /3, , Let, , a, , I , , 
1, , /6, , /3, , , , , ,  /6, , /3, , , , , ,  /6, ,  LHS, , a, , 1, tan x, , dx, , cos x, cos x  sin x, , dx, ,  , , cos
   x , 3 6, ,  , ,  , , cos    x   sin    x , 3 6, , 3 6, , , . . . (1), , dx
Page 62 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 61, /3, , , , , ,  /6, , sin x, , dx, , sin x  cos x, , . . . (2), , Add: (1) + (2) gives, /3, ,
2I , , sin x  cos x, , , , /3, , 2I , , dx, , sin x  cos x, ,  /6, ,  1 dx, ,  x, ,  /3,  /6, , , ,  /6, , , , , 3, 6, , ,
6, ,  I , 12, 2I , ,  a, 2 f ( x ) dx , if f ( x ) is even, 3. Prove that f ( x ) dx   , a, 0, , if f ( x ) is odd, 0,
a, ,  /2, , and evaluate, , , , sin7 x cos4 x dx, ,  /2, a, , Soln: We have, , , , 0, , f ( x ) dx , , , , a, , a, , f (x )
, , a, , . . . (1), ,  f (x ) dx, 0, , 0, , Consider, ,  f ( x ) dx, , a, , Put x = –t,  dx = –dt, When x = –a, t = a and
when x = 0, t = 0., 0, , 0, , a, ,   f ( x ) dx   f ( t ) ( dt ) , a, , a, ,  f ( t ) dt   f ( x ) dx, , a, , 0, , 0, , a, ,
,    f ( x ) dx , 0, , , 0, , , ,  f ( x ) dx , , , a, , Therefore (1) reduces to, a, ,  f ( x ) dx , 0, , 0, , 0, ,  f
( x ) dx, a, , , ,  f ( x ) dx, , . . . (2), , a, , If f(x) is an even function i.e., f(–x) = f(x), then, a, , From equation(2)
:, ,  f ( x ) dx, , 0, , 0, , , ,  f ( x ) dx, a, , 0, , , ,  f ( x ) dx, a, , 0, ,  2  f ( x ) dx, a

Page 63 :
62, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , If f(x) is an odd function, then, f(–x) = –f(x) then (2) reduces to, a, , 0, ,  f (
x ) dx, , , , 0, ,   f ( x ), ,  f ( x ) dx  0, , a, ,  a, 2 f ( x ) dx , if f ( x ) is even,   f ( x ) dx   0, a, , if
f ( x ) is odd, 0, a, ,  /2, , 4., , Evaluate:, , , , sin7 x cos4 x dx, ,  /2, , Soln: sin7 x is an odd function and
cos4 x is an even function., ,  sin 7 x cos4 x is an odd function.,  /2, , , , , , sin7 x . cos4 x dx  0, ,  /2, ,
Try it Yourself :,  /2, , 1), , Evaluate:, , sin x, , , , sin x  cos x, , 0, ,  /2, , 2), , Evaluate:, , , 0, , dx, , sin3/2 x,
dx, sin3/2 x  cos3/2 x, ,  /2, , 3), , Evaluate:, ,  (2 log sin x  log sin 2x ) dx, 0, ,  /4, , 4), , Evaluate:, ,  log
(1  tan x ) dx, 0, ,  /2, , 5), , Evaluate:, , , , ( x 3  x cos x ) dx, ,  /2, , ***

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 63, , Chapter-8, , Application of Integrals, THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , F
i n d t h e ar e of t h e r egi on b ou n d ed b y t h e cu r v e y = x2 and the line y = 4., , Soln: From the figure,,
4, , 4, , Area  2 x dy  2, , , 0, , , , y dy, , 0, , 4, , , ,  y3/2 ,  2, ,  3 ,  2 0, 1, 2, 4,  2  43/2  0
   64  2, 3, 3, 2., , , , 32, sq. units, 3, , Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2  4 x and
the line x = 3., , Soln: From the figure,, 3, , Area = 2 y dx = 2 4 x dx, , , 0, ,  y2  4 x  y  4 x , , , 3, , 3, ,
 22 , 0, ,  4, , 3., , 2, 3, , , ,  x 3/2 , x dx  4 , ,  3 ,  2 0, ,  32, , 3  0   8 3 sq. units., , , ,
Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2  4 x , y-axis and the line, y = 3., , Soln: From the
figure,, Area , , 3, , 3, ,  x dy , , , , 0, , 3, , , , 0, ,  y2 , , y2 , 2,   dy  y  4 x  x  , 4,  4 , , , , 1
 y3 , 1  33, 9, , sq. units.,  ,   0 , 4  3 0, 4 3, 4, 

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64, , 4., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Find the area of region bounded by x 2  4 y , y = 2, y = 4 and the y-
axis in the, first quadrant., , Soln: From the figure,, , Area , , 4, , 4, ,  x dy , , , , 2, , 4 y dy  x 2  4 y  x
 4 y , , , , 2, , 4, 3, 2, , y, 3, 2, ,  2 , , , , 5., , 4, , 3, , 3,  32, ,  4  2 2 , , , , 2, , 4, 8  2 2 sq. units,
3, , , , , , Find the area of the region lying in the first quadrant and bounded by, , y  4 x 2 , x  0, y  1
and y = 4., Soln: From the figure,, , Area , , 4, , 4, ,  x dy , , , , 1, , 1, , y, dy, 4, , , y , 2,  y  4x  x , , 4
, , , 4, 3, 2, , 3, 3, , 1, y, 1 2, , ,   4  12 , , , 3, 2, 3, , 2 1, 1, 7,  (8  1)  sq. units, 3, 3, , FIVE
MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Find the area enclosed by the circle x 2  y2  a 2 ., , Soln: From the figure,, a, ,
Area = 4, , a, , 2, 2,  y dx  4  a  x dx, 0, , 0, ,  x 2  y2  a 2  y , , W.K.T., , , , a 2  x 2 dx , , a2  x 2
, , , x, a2, x, a2  x 2 , sin 1, 2, 2, a
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Page 66 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 65, , a2, a x , sin 1, 2, , x, Area  4 , 2, , 2, , 2, , a, , x  , a ,   0, , 
a2, , ,  4  sin 1 (1)   2a 2  , 2, 2, , 2., ,  a2 sq. units., , Using the method of integration,
find the area enclosed by an ellipse, , x 2 y2, ,  1., a 2 b2, Soln: From the figure,, a, , Area, A  4, ,  y dx,
0, , a, ,  4, , b, , a 2  x 2 dx, , a, 0, , 3., , a, , 2, , , , 4b, a, , x, , 2, , , , 4b, a, ,  a2, , , 1,  sin 1  
2ab     ab sq. units., 2, 2, , , a2  x 2 , , a,  x , sin 1   , 2,  a  0, , x 2 y2, , 1, a 2 b2, b, 
y, a2  x 2, a, , Using the method of integration, find the area enclosed by the circle, , x 2  y2  4., Soln:
From the figure, y2 = 22 – x2, 2, , Area,, , A  4  y dx, 0, 2, ,  4  (2)2  x 2, 0, , a, , W.K.T. A  4, , , , a2  x
2, , 0, , x,  4, 2, , a2, a x , sin 1, 2, 2, , 2, ,  a2, ,  4  sin 1 (1), 2, , 2, A a, Put,, , a 2  4 in
equation (1), A = 4 sq. units., , a, ,  x ,  a ,  0, , . . . (1)

Page 67 :
66, , 4., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Find the area enclosed by the ellipse, , x 2 y2, , 1 ., 9, 4, , Soln: From
the figure,, 3, , 3, , Area, A  4 y dx  4, , , 0, , , , 0, , 3, , W.K.T. A  4, , 2, , 3, , b, a, , , 0, , 4b, , a, , x, , 2,
, , , 9  x 2 dx, , a 2  x 2 dx, a, , a2,  x , a x , sin 1   , 2,  a  0, 2, , 2, , , 4b  a 2, , 1, ,  sin
(1)   2ab  , a 2, 2, , A   ab, . . . (1), , x 2 y2, , 1, 9, 4, , Put a = 3 and b = 2 in (1), , is of the form, , x
2 y2, , 1, a 2 b2, , (1)  A  (3)(2), ,  6 sq. units, , a2 = 9, b2 = 4  a = 3, b = 2., 5., , Find the area
enclosed by an ellipse 9 x 2  y 2  36 ., , Soln: Consider, 9 x 2  y 2  36, Divided by 36 O.B.S., , x 2 y2, ,
 1, 4 36, x2, y2,  2  2  1, 2, 6, , , 2, , From the figure, area A  4, , 2, ,  y dx, 0, , 2, , W.K.T. A  4, , b, , a 2
 x 2 dx, , x, , 2, , a2, a x , sin 1, 2, , a, , 6, 2, 0, ,  4, , , , , , 4  x 2 dx, , 0, , 4b, , a, , 2, , 2, , , 4b  a
2, 1,  sin (1), a 2, , A   ab, , , a, ,  x ,  a ,   0, , ,  2ab  , 2, , Put a = 2, b = 6 in (1),
Area, A   (2) (6)  12 sq. units, , . . . (1)

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 67, , Try it Yourself:, (3 Marks Questions), 1., , Find the area of the region
bounded by the curve y2 = x and the lines x = 1, x = 4, and x-axis., , 2., , Find the area of the region
bounded by the curve y = x2 and the lines x = 1, x = 2, and x-axis., , 3., , Find the area under the given
curve y = x2 and the lines x = 1, x = 2 and x-axis., , 4., , Find the area of the region bounded by the curve
y2 = x and the lines x = 1, x = 4, and x-axis in the first quadrant., , 5., , Find the area of the region
bounded by y2 = 9x, and the lines x = 2, x = 4 and x-axis, in the first quadrant., , (5 Marks Questions), , x
2 y2, , 1., 16 9, , 1., , Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse, , 2., , Find the area of the
region bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = 16., , 3., , Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse, , 4., ,
Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse x2 + 9y2 = 36., , 5., , Find the area of the region
bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = 25., , * * *, , x 2 y2, , 1., 4, 9

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68, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-9, , Differential Equations, TWO MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Find
the order and degree of differential equation, 2, , d2 y, dy,  dy , xy 2  x , x,  0., , dx, dx,  dx , Ans:
Order -2. Degree - 1., , d4 y,  sin ( y ''')  0 ., 2. Find the order and degree of differential equation, dx 4,
Ans: Order - 4. Degree - Not defined., 2, ,  d2 y ,  dy , 3. Find the order and degree of differential
equation  2   cos ,   0., dx, dx, , , , , Ans: Order - 2. Degree - Not defined., 4., , Find the order
and degree of differential equation, , ( y ''')2  ( y '')3  ( y ')4  y5  0 ., Ans: Order - 3. Degree - 2., 5., ,
Find the order and degree of differential equation y '''  2 y ''  y '  0 ., , Ans: Order - 3. Degree - 1., 6., ,
Find the order and degree of differential equation y '''  y2  e y '  0 ., , Ans: Order - 3. Degree - Not
defined., , THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Soln:, , Find the general solution of the differential
equation :, , dy x  1, , dx 2  y, , . . . (1), , Separating the variables in (1) we get,, , (2  y ) dy  ( x  1) dx, , . .
. (2), , dy x  1, , , y  2., dx 2  y

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Page 71 :
70, , 4., , Soln:, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Find the general solution of the differential equation, , dy,  (1
 x 2 ) (1  y2 ), dx, , dy,  (1  x 2 ) (1  y2 ) ., dx, , . . . (1), , Separating the variable in (1) we get,, , dy,  (1  x
2 ) dx, 1  y2, , . . . (2), , Integrating on both sides we get,, , dy, , 1  y, , 2, , tan 1 y, , , ,  (1  x, ,  x , , 2, ,
) dx, , x3, c, 3, , which is the general solution of equation (1)., 5., Soln:, , dy, y  1 ( y  1) ., dx, , Find the
general solution of the differential, , dy,  y 1, dx, , . . . (1), , dy,  1 y, dx, Separating the variables we
get,, , dy,  dx, 1 y, , Integrating on both sides we get,, , . . . (2), , dy, , 1  y, , , ,  dx, , log (1  y )  x  c, 1
 y  e x c, 1  ex c  y, y  1  ex c, y  1  ex . ec, y  1  C ex, Which is the general solution of
equation (1)., , [ e c  C ]

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 71, , FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Soln:, , Find the general solution of the
differential equation x, , x, , dy,  2y  x2, dx, , dy,  2y  x2 ., dx, , . . . (1), , Dividing both sides of equation
(1) by x, we get, , dy, 2,  y  x, dx, x, which is linear differential equation of type, , dy, 2,  Py  Q , where
P  , Q  x ., dx, x, , 2, , I.F. = e  x dx  e2 log x  e log x 2  x 2, Therefore, solution of the given equation is
given by,, , y . x2 , , , 2, ,  x . x dx  c,  x dx  c, 3, , x4, c, 4, x2, y ,  cx 2, 4, , y . x2 , , which is the
general solution of the given differential equation., 2., Soln:, , Find the general solution of the
differential equation, , dy,  3 y  e 2 x, dx, , dy,  3 y  e 2 x ., dx, , . . . (1), , Which is linear differential
equation of type, , dy,  Py  Q , where P = 3, Q = e–2x., dx, , I.F. = e  3 dx  e3x, Therefore, solution of
the given equation is given by, , y . e3 x , , , e, e, , 2 x, 3, , . e 3x dx  c, , dx  c, , y . e3 x  e x  c, y  e
2 x  c e 3 x, which is the general solution of the given differential equation.

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72, , 3., , Soln:, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Find the general solution of the differential equation, , dy y, ,
 x2 ., dx x, , dy y, ,  x2, dx x, Here, P , , 1, ,, x, , Q  x2, 1, , P dx,  dx, I.F. = e ,  e x,  e log x  x, , 
Solution of the given equation is given by,, , y.x , y.x , , 2, ,  x . x dx  C,  x dx  C, 3, , x4,  C, 4, x3, y , 
C x 1, 4, , y.x , , 4., , Find the general solution of the differential equation, , (1  x 2 ) dy  2xy dx  cot x
dx ( x  0), Soln:, , (1  x 2 ) dy  2xy dx  cot x dx, , . . . (1), , Dividing on both sides by (1  x 2 ) dx , we get,, ,
dy, 2x, cot x, , y , 2, dx 1  x, 1  x2, which is linear differential equation of type, , where P =, , dy,  Py 
Q ,, dx, , 2x, cot x, 2 , Q =, 1x, 1  x2, 2x, , So, I.F.  e  1 x 2 dx  e log(1 x 2 )  1  x 2, Therefore,
solution of the given equation is given by,, , y (1  x 2 ) , ,  (1  x, , 2, , y (1  x 2 ) , ,  cot x dx, , )., , cot x,
dx  c, 1  x2, , y(1  x 2 )  log|sin x | c, which is the general solution of the given differential equation.

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Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 5., , Soln:, , 73, , Find the general solution of the differential equation x, , x, , dy,
 2 y  x 2 log x, dx, , dy,  2 y  x 2 log x ., dx, , . . . (1), , Dividing both sides of equation (1) by x, we get, , dy,
2, , y  x log x, dx, x, which is linear differential equation of type, , dy,  Py  Q ,, dx, where P , , 2, , So,
I.F. = e  x dx  e 2 log x  e log x 2  x 2, Therefore, solution of the given equation is given by,, , y . x 2  
x log x . x 2 dx  c, , ,  log x x, , 3, , dx  c, , y . x 2  log x  x 3 dx   x 3 dx, , d(log x ), dx, dx, , x4, x4 1,  ,
. dx  c, 4, 4 x, x4, 1 x4,  log x .,  ., c, 4, 4 4, x4, x4,  log x ., , c, 4, 16, , y . x 2  log x ., y . x2, y . x2, ,
which is the general solution of the given differential equation., , * * *, , 2, , Q = x log x., x

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74, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-10, , Vector Algebra, ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Define
negative of a vector., , Ans: A vector whose magnitude is same as that of a given vector but direction is
opposite, to that of it is called negative of a vector., 2., , Define a unit vector., , Ans: A vector whose
magnitude is unity is called as unit vector., 3., , , Find the unit vectors in the direction of the vector a =
iˆ + jˆ + 2kˆ ., , a, iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ, , , , |a | , |a |, 6, , Soln: aˆ  , 4., , 12  12  22 , , , , 1 1  4 , , 6, , , , Find
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a value of x for which x iˆ  jˆ  kˆ is a unit vector., , 1, Soln: x |iˆ  jˆ  kˆ | 1  x 3  1  x , , 3, , 5., , ,
, , If vectors AB  2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ and OB  3iˆ  4 jˆ  4kˆ , find position vector OA ., , , 
, , , , , , , , Soln: AB  OB  OA  OA  OB  AB  iˆ  3 jˆ  3kˆ, 6., , Define collinear
vectors., , Ans: Two or more vectors are said to be collinear if they are parallel to the same line,,
irrespective of their magnitudes and directions., , TWO MARKS QUESTIONS, , , 1., , , Find angle
between the vectors a = iˆ + jˆ - kˆ and b = iˆ + jˆ + kˆ ., ,  , a .b, 1 1 1, 1, Soln: cos   ,  , , 3, |a ||b |,
3. 3,    cos 1, , 1, 3
Page 76 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 2., , , , , , 75, ,  , , , , , , If |a + b |= |a - b |, prove that a and b are
perpendicular., , , , , , , , , , Soln: |a  b | |a  b |, , , , , , , , , , Squaring on both sides, |a  b |2  |a  b
|2, ,  2, ,  2,  ,  2,  a  b  2 a . b  a  b,  ,  4 a .b  0, , ,  a and b are perpendicular., , , ,
, , 3., Soln:, , 4., , , , , , , , , , , , 2, ,  ,  2a . b, , , , , , Find |b | if ( a  b ) . ( a  b )  8 and |a | 8|b |., , ,
, |a|2 |b |2, , , 64| b |2  |b |2, , 63|b |2, , |b |, ,  8,  8,  8, 8, 63, , , , Find the area of the
parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by, , , , , the vectors a = iˆ - jˆ + 3kˆ and b = 2iˆ - 7 jˆ
+ kˆ ., iˆ ˆj kˆ, , , Soln: a  b  1 1 3, 2 7 1,  , ab, , Area , 5., ,  20iˆ  5 jˆ  5kˆ, , 400  25  25 , , , ,
450 , , 9  50  3 50 sq. units., , Find the projection of the vectors iˆ + 3 ˆj + 7kˆ and vector 7iˆ - jˆ + 8kˆ ., ,
, , , Soln: a . b  iˆ  3 jˆ  7kˆ . 7iˆ  jˆ  8kˆ, , , ,  , , , ,  7  3  56,  , a . b  60, , , b , , 7 , , 2, ,  (
1)2  (8)2 , ,  , , , a .b,  , Projection a and b , |b |, , 6., , , , , , Let |a|= 3, |b | =, , 49  1  64 , , 114,
, 60, 114, , ,  , , 2, and |a × b |= 1 , find the angle between a and b ., 3

Page 77 :
76, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, ,  , |a  b |, Soln: sin     , |a||b |,    sin 1, , 7., Soln:, , 8., , 1, 2, , 1, 3,
, , 1, , , , 2, 3, , 2, , , 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , If a is a unit vector such that, (x - a) . (x + a) = 8 . Find | x| ., ,  ,
 , ( x  a ) . (x  a)  8, , |x |2 |a|2  8, , |x |2  1  8, , | x |2  8  1  9, , |x |  9, , |x |  3, , Find the
area of parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors, , , , a  3iˆ  jˆ  4kˆ and b  iˆ  jˆ 
kˆ .,  , Soln: Area of th eparallelogram = |a  b |,  , a b , , iˆ, , jˆ, , kˆ, , 3, , 1, , 4, , 1 1 1,  iˆ (1  4)  jˆ (
3  4)  kˆ (3  1),  , a  b  5iˆ  jˆ  4kˆ,  , 2, 2, 2, |a  b |   5   1   4 , , Area of
Parallellogram , 9., , 25  1  16, 42 sq. units., , Find the area of parallelogram whose adjacent side
determine by the vectors, , , , a  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ and b  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ .,  , Soln: Area of the parallelogram = |a 
b |, , iˆ jˆ kˆ,  , |a  b |  1 1 1, 1 1 1,  iˆ (1  1)  jˆ (1  1)  kˆ ( 1  1),  0iˆ  2 jˆ  2kˆ, ,  , |a  b | , ,
044 , , 8  2 2 sq. units.

Page 78 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 10., , 77, , , , , , Obtain the projection of the vector a  2iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ on the
vector b  iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ ., , ,  a . b, , Soln: Projection of vectors a on b  , |b |, , , 2iˆ  3 jˆ  2kˆ  . iˆ 
2 ˆj  kˆ , , , , (1)2  (2)2  (1)2, 262, 1  4 1, , , , 10, 6, , THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Find the
sine of the angle between the vectors iˆ  2 jˆ  2kˆ and 3iˆ  2 jˆ  6kˆ ., , , Soln: a  iˆ  2 jˆ  2kˆ and 3iˆ 
2 jˆ  6kˆ, iˆ jˆ kˆ, , , a b  1 2 2, 3 2 6,  iˆ(12  4)  jˆ(6  6)  kˆ(2  6),  8iˆ  4kˆ  4 (2iˆ  kˆ ),  , a b,
, a, , b, ,  4 (2)2  (1)2  4 5, , , 144 , , 9  3, , , , 9  4  36  49  7, , , , Sine of the angle between
a and b = sin  , 2., ,  , a b, 4 5,  , ., , 21, |a|.|b |, , Show that the position vector of the point P,
which divides the line joining, , , , , , the point A and B having position vectors a and b internally in the,
, , , mb  na, ratio m : n is, ., mn, , , , , Soln: Let 'O' be a fixed point. Let a and b be the position
vectors of A and B w.r.t. O., , , ,  , , , , , , , , Then OA  a , OB  b . Let P divided AB
internally in the ratio m:n. Let OP  r ., , , AP, m,  , n, PB, , , n( AP )  m( PB )

Page 81 :
80, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Chapter-11, , Three Dimensional Geometry, ONE MARK QUESTIONS,
1., , Find the equation of the plane having intercept 4 on z-axis and parallel to, XOY Plane., , Ans:
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Equation of the plane is Z = 4., 2., , Find the direction cosines of a line parallel to y-axis., , Ans: The
direction cosines of a line parallel to y-axis is 0, 1, 0., 3., , Find the equation of the plane which
intercepts 2, 3 and 4 on x, y, z axis, respectively., , Ans: Required equation of the plane is, 4., , Find the
intercepts cut off by the plane 2x  y  z  5. ., , x, y, z,  ,  1., 5, 5 5, 2, , Ans: Given plane is 2x  y  z 
5 , ,  x-intercept =, 5., , x y z,  ,  1., 2 3 4, , 5, , y-intercept = 5 and z-intercept = –5., 2, , If a line makes
90°, 135°, 45° with the x, y, z axes respectively, find its direction, cosines., , Ans: The direction cosines of
given lines are cos 90°, cos 135° and cos 45°, , 0, , 6., Ans:, , 7., , Ans:, 8., , 1, 2, , ,, , 1, 2, , OR, , ., , Find the
distance of the plane 2x  3 y  4 z  6  0 from the origin., , d , , 2(0)  ( 3)(0)  4(0)  6, 4  9  16, , , ,
6, 29, , What is the equation of the plane that cuts the co-ordinate axes at (a, 0, 0), (0,, b, 0) and (0, 0, c)., ,
x y z,    1, a b c, Find the direction cosines of x-axis., , Ans: The direction cosines of x-axes are 1, 0, 0.

Page 85 :
84, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , The equation of the line in vector form,, , ,  , r  a  b  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ 
(iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ )   (3iˆ  2 jˆ  2kˆ ), The equation of the line in cartesian form , , x 1, y2, z 3, , , 3, 2,
2, , FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Derive the equation of a line through a given point and parallel to a
given, , , , vector b , both in vector and cartesian form., , , , , , Soln: Let A be a given point whose
position vector a and b be a given vector., Let 'P' be any point on the line 'l' whose position vector is r .,
, , , , , Then AP is parallel to the vector b ., , , , , , i.e., AP  b where  is a real number., , 
, , ,  ,  OP  OA  b  r  a  b, ,  ,  r  a  b, which is the required vector equation of a
line., Let A( x1 , y1 , z1 ) be a given point. Let a, b, c be the direction ratios of the given line., , , , ,  r 
xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ . a  x1i  y1 j  z1k and b  aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ ., , , ,  , Substitute these values in r  a  b and
equating the co-efficient of iˆ, jˆ and kˆ we, get,, x  x1, a, y  y1, y  y1  b  y  y1   b   , b, z  z1, z
 z1  c  z  z1  c   , c, x  x1  a  x  x1  a   , , Eliminating the parameter  , we get,, , x 
x1, y  y1 z  z1, , , is the required equation of given line., a, b, c, 2., , Derive the equation of a line
through two given point., , , , , , Soln: Let a and b be the position vector of two points A (x1, y1, z1) and
B (x2, y2, z2), , , , Let r be the position vector of an orbitrary point P (x, y, z).

Page 88 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 87, , Chapter-12, , Linear Programming Problems, ONE MARK QUESTIONS,
1., , Define objective function in LPP., , Ans: Linear function Z = ax + by where a, b are constant which
has to be maximzed or, minimized is called objective function., 2., , Define feasible region in LPP., , Ans:
The common region determined by all the constraints including x , y  0 of LPP is, called feasible region.,
3., , Define optimal solution in LPP., , Ans: Any point in the feasible region that gives the optimal value of
the objective function, is called optimal solution., 4., , Define corner points in LPP., , Ans: A corner point
of feasible region is a point in the region which is the intersection of, two boundary lines., 5., , Define
infeasible solution., , Ans: Any point outside the feasible region is called infeasible solution., , SIX
MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Solve the following linear programming problem graphically., Maximise: Z  4
x  y subject to the constraints x  y  50, 3x  y  90, x , y  0 ., , Soln:, , x  y  50, x  0  y  50 A  (0,
50), y  0  x  50 B  (50,0), 3x  y  90, x  0  y  90 A  (0, 90), y  0  x  30 B  (30,0), Corner points
are, (0, 0), (0, 50), (20, 30), (30, 0)

Page 89 :
88, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Corner points, , Z = 4x + y, , (0, 0), , 0, , (0, 50), , 50, , (20, 30), , 110, , (30, 0),
, 120, ,  Maximum, , Maximum value = 120 at (30, 0)., 2., , Solve graphically. Maximise Z = 3x + 4y.
Subject to constraints, , x  y  4, x , y  0 ., Soln: x  y  4, , x  0  y  4 A  (0, 4), y  0  x  4 B  (4, 0),
Corner points are (0, 0), (0, 4) and (4, 0)., Corner points, , Z = 3x + 4y, , (0, 0), , 0, , (0, 4), , 16, , (4, 0), , 12, , 
Maximum, , Maximum value 16 at (0, 4)., 3., , Minimise Z = –3x + 4y using graph subject to the
constraints, , x  2 y  8, 3x  2 y  12 , x  0, y  0 ., Soln: x  2 y  8, , x  0  y  4 (0, 4), y  0  x  8 (8, 0), ,
3x  2 y  12, x  0  y  6 (0, 6), y  0  x  4 (4, 0), Corner points are (0, 0), (0, 4), (2, 3), (4, 0), Corner
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points, , Z = –3x + 4y, , (0, 0), , 0, , (0, 4), , 16, , (2, 3), , 6, , (4, 0), , –12, , Maximum value = 16 at (0, 4),
Minimum value = –12 at (4, 0), ,  Maximum,  Minimum

Page 90 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 4., , 89, , Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.,
Minimum Z = 200x + 500 y, , Soln: Subject to constraints: x  2 y  10, , 3x  4 y  24, x, y  0, x  2 y  10,
x 0 y5, , (0, 5), , y  0  x  10 (10, 0), , 3x  4 y  24, x  0  y  6 (0, 6), y0x 8, , (8, 0), , Corner points
are (0, 5), (4, 3), (0, 6), Corner points, , Z = 200x + 500 y, , (0, 5), , 2500, , (4, 3), , 2300, , (0, 6), , 3000, , 
Minimum, , Minimum value is 2300 is (4, 3)., , 5., , Maximise Z = 3x + 2y, Subject to the constraints x  2 y
 10, , 3x  y  15, x, y  0, Soln: x  2 y  10, , x 0, , y5, , (0, 5), , y0, , x  10 (10, 0), , 3x  y  15, x 0, y 
15, , (0, 15), , y0, , (5, 0), , x 5, , Corner points are (0, 0), (0, 5), (4, 3), (5, 0), Corner points, , Z = 3x + 2y, ,
(0, 0), , 0, , (0, 5), , 10, , (4, 3), , 18, , (5, 0), , 15, , Maximum value is 18 at (4, 3)., ,  Maximum

Page 91 :
90, , 6., , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Solve the following LPP graphically., Minimize and Maximise Z = x +
2y., , Soln: Subject to constraints x  2 y  100, , 2x  y  0, 2x  y  200, x, y  0, , x  2 y  100, x 0, y 
50, , 2x  y  0, x 0, y 0, , 2x  y  200, x  0 y  200, , y0, , x  50, , y0, , x  100, , (0, 50), (100, 0), , y 
100, , (0, 0), (50, 100), , Corner points are (0, 200), (0, 50), (20, 40), (50, 100), , Corner points, , Z = x + 2y,
, (0, 200), , 400, , (0, 50), , 100 , , (20, 40), , 100 , , (50, 100), , 250, ,  Maximum, , ,  Minimum, ,
Maximum value = 400 at (0, 200), Minimum value = 100 at (0, 50) and (20, 40)., * * *, , x  100, , (0, 200) ,
(100, 0)

Page 92 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 91, , Chapter-13, , Probability, ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , If P ( A ) , , 7, 9,
4, , P( B) , and P ( A  B ) , , find P  A / B  ., 13, 13, 13, , P( A  B), Soln: P  A / B  , , P( B), , 2., , Soln:, ,
4, 13, 4, , , 13, 9, 9, , P( A  B), 0.2, 2, , , P(B), 0.3, 3, , If P ( B )  0.5, P ( A  B )  0.32 , find P ( A / B ) ., ,
Soln: P ( A / B ) , 4., , , , If P ( A )  0.6, P ( B )  0.3, P ( A  B )  0.2 , find P ( A / B ) ., , Soln: P ( A / B ) , 3., ,
4, 13, 9, 13, , P( A  B), 0.32, 32, 16, , , , P(B), 0.50, 50, 25, , If P ( A )  0.8, P ( B / A )  0.4 , find P ( A  B
) ., , P( A  B), P( A), P( A  B)  P( B / A )  P ( A),  0.4  0.8, P(B / A) , ,  0.32, 5., , If A and B are
independent events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.4 find P ( A  B ) ., , Soln: P ( A  B )  P ( A )  P ( B ), , 
0.3  0.4, , 6., , If P ( A ) , ,  0.12, , 3, 1, and P ( B )  , A and B are independent events find P ( A  B ) ., 5, 5

Page 93 :
92, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , Soln: P ( A  B )  P ( A )  P ( B ), , , 7., , 3, 1, 3, , , 5, 5, 25, , If P ( A )  0.3
and P ( B ')  0.4 and A and B are independent find P ( A  B ) ., , Soln: P ( B )  1  P ( B ')  1  0.4  0.6, , P
( A  B )  P ( A )  P ( B )  0.3  0.6  0.18, , 8., , Soln:, , If P ( A ) , , 4, 2, , P ( B / A )  , then find P ( A  B ) .,
5, 5, , P ( B / A) , , P( A  B), P( A), ,  P( A  B)  P( B / A ) . P ( A), 9., , , , 2, 4, 8, , , 5, 5, 25, , A fair die is
rolled. Consider the events. E = { 2, 4, 6}, F = {1, 2, 3 }. Find, , P(E / F ) ., Soln: E  F  { 2 }, , 10., , n ( E ) = 3,, ,
n ( F ) = 2,, ,  P(E / F ) , , n( E  F ), 1, , n( F ), 2, , n (E  F )  1, , A fair die is rolled. Consider the events. E
= { 1, 3, 5}, F = {2, 3}. Find P ( E / F ) ., , Soln: E  F  { 3 }, ,  P(E / F ) , , n( E ) = 3,, , n(F)=2, , n (E  F )  1, , n(
E  F ), 1, , n( F ), 2, , TWO MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , Given that the events A and B are such that, , P( A)
, events., , 1, 3, , P ( A  B)  , P ( B )  K . Find K if A and B are independent, 2, 5, , Soln: A and B are
independent.  P ( A  B )  P ( A )  P ( B ) , , P ( A  B)  P ( A  B)  P( A)  P (B), P( A  B)  P ( A)  P (B) 
P ( A  B), , 1, K, K , 2, 2

Page 94 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 93, , K, 1, 3,  K, 2, 2, 5, K, 1 3, K  , 2, 2 5, K  2K, 56, , 2, 10, K, 1, , 2,
10, 2, 1, K , , 10, 5, , 2., , 3, 3, 1, and P ( E  F )  ., and P ( F ) , 5, 10, 5, , Let E and F are events P ( E ) ,
Are E and F are independent?, , Soln: Consider, P ( E )  P ( F ) , , Given:, , P( E  F ) , , 3 3, 9, , , 5 10, 50,
, 1, 5, , P(E )  We
P ( use
F ) cookies
P(E to
F enhance site navigation and analyse usage, read our Privacy Policy for more.
),  E and F are not independent., 3., , Assume that each child born in a
family is eqully likely to be a boy or girl. If, a family has two children, what is the probability that both
are girls. Given, that the youngest is the girl., , Soln: S = { bb, gg, bg, gb }, A = { gg },, , B = { gg, bg }, , A  B  {
gg }, , P( A) , , 1, 2, 1, , P ( B)  , P( A  B) , 4, 4, 4, , P( A / B) , , 4., , P( A  B), , P(B), , 1, 4, 2, 4, , , , 1, 4, 1,
, , 4, 2, 2, , Two cards are drawn random and without replacement from a pack of 52, playing cards.
Find the probability that both the cards are black., , Soln: There are 26 black cards in a deck of 52 cards.
P(A) is the probability of getting a, black card in the first draw.
Page 95 :
94, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, ,  P( A) , , 26, 1, , 52, 2, , Let P(B) is the probability of getting a black card
in the second draw., ,  P( B) , , 25, 51, , [ card is not replaced.], ,  Probability of getting black card = P (
A )  P ( B ) , 5., , 1, 25, 25, , , ., 2, 51, 102, , A die is thrown. If E is the event "the number appearing is a
multiple of 3", and F is the event "the number appearing is even." Prove that E and F are, independent
events., , Soln: S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, E = {3, 6 }, , P( E ) , , EF  {6 }, , F = { 2, 4, 6 }, , 2, 1, , 6, 3, , P( F ) , , 
P( E )  P ( F ) , , 3, 1, , 6, 2, , P( E  F ) , , 1, 6, , 1 1, 1,  ,  P(E  F ), 3 2, 6, ,  E and F are independent.,
6., , Given that the events A and B are such that P ( A ) , , 1, 3, , P ( A  B )  and, 2, 7, , P ( B )  K , find K if
A and B are independent., Soln: P ( A )  P ( B )  P ( A  B ), , 1, 3, K , 2, 7, K, 3, , 2, 7, 7K  6, ,  K , 7., ,
6, 7, , Two fair coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability that both are, head, given that
atleast one of them is head., , Soln: S = { HH, HT, TH, TT }, E = Both are head and hence, E = { HH }, F =
Atleast one of them is head, F = { HH, HT, TH }, , E  F  { HH }, , P(E / F ) , , n( E )  1, , n( E  F ), 1, , n( F ),
3, , n( F )  3, , n( E  F )  1

Page 96 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 8., , 95, , A fair die is rolled, consider the events E = { 1, 3, 5 }, F = { 2, 3}., Find
P(E/F) and P(F/E)., , Soln: S = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, ,  P (E ) , , 3 1, , ;, 6 2, , P( F ) , , 2, 1, , ;, 6, 3, , P( E  F ) , ,
1, 6, , EF  {3}, , P (E  F ), P(E / F ) , , P(E), , 1, 6, 1, 3, , , , 1, 3, 1, , , 6, 1, 2, , P (E  F ), P( F / E ) , ,
P(E), , 1, 6, 1, 2, , , , 1, 2, 1, , , 6, 1, 3, , THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , A man is known to speak truth
3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports, that it is a six. Find the probability that it is actually six., ,
Soln: Let, , E1 is the event Six in the throw, E2 is the even Six does not occurs, , P ( E1 ) , , , 1, 5, ; P ( E2 )
 1  , 6, 6, 6, , A = man reports six., , P ( A / E1 ) , , 3, 3, 1, ; P ( A / E2 )  1  , 4, 4, 4, , Required,, , P ( E1 /
A ) , , , , 2., , P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 ), P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 )  P ( A / E2 )  P ( E2 ), 3, 1, , 4, 6, 3 1, 1 5,  , , 4
6, 4 6, , , , 3, 24, 3, 5, , 24 24, , , , 3, 24, 8, 24, , , , 3, 24, 3, , , 24, 8, 8, , Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black
balls while another Bag II containes 5 red, and 6 black balls. One of the ball is drawn at random from
one of the bags, and it is found to be red. Find the probability that it was drawn from Bag II., , Soln: Let
E1 and E2 are the events of choosing Bag I and II respectively., , P ( E1 )  P ( E2 ) , , 1, 2

Page 97 :
96, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , A = The event drawing red ball., , 3, ;, 7, , P ( A / E1 ) , , P ( A / E2 ) , , 5, 11,
, Required, , P ( A / E2 )  P ( E 2 ), P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 )  P ( A / E2 )  P ( E2 ), , P ( E2 / A ) , , 5, 1, , 11, 2, ,
3 1, 5 1,  , , 7 2, 11 2, , 3., , 5, 1, 5, , 5 77, 35, 2, 11,  11, , , , , 33  35, 1 3 5 , 11 68, 68,  , , 77,
2  7 11 , , Probability that A speaks truth is, , 4, . A coin is tossed. A reports that a head, 5, , appears.
Find the probability that it is actually head., Soln: E1 = Coin shows head;, , P ( E1 ) , , 1, ;, 2, , P ( E2 ) , ,
E2 = Coin shows tail., , 1, 2, , A: A speaks truth., , P ( A / E1 ) , , 4, ;, 5, , P ( A / E2 )  1 , , 4, 1, , 5, 5, ,
Required probability = P ( E1 / A ), , P ( E1 / A ) , , P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 ), P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 )  P ( A / E2 ) 
P ( E2 ), , 4, 1, 4, 4, , 5, 2, 10, , ,  10, 4 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4 1,  , , , 5 2, 5, 2, 10, 10, 10, 4., , 4,  10, 5, 10, ,
, , 4, 10, 4, , , 10, 5, 5, , An insurance company insured 2,000 scooter drives, 4,000 car drivers and,
6,000 truck drives. The probability of an accident is 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15, respectively. One of the
insured persons meets with an accident. What is, the probability that he is a scooter driver., , Soln: E1 =
scooter drivers, E2 = Car drivers, , E3 = Truck drivers, A = Person with accident, , Total persons = 2,000
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+ 4,000 + 6,000 = 12,000, , P ( E1 ) , , 2,000, 1, , ;, 12,000, 6, , Given: P ( A / E1 )  0.01 ;, , P ( E2 ) , ,
4,000, 1, , ;, 12,000, 3, , P ( A / E2 )  0.03 ;, , P ( E3 ) , , 6,000, 1, , 12,000, 2, , P ( A / E3 )  0.15

Page 98 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 97, , Required Probability = P ( E1 / A ), , P ( E1 / A ) , , P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 ), P (
A / E1 )  P ( E1 )  P ( A / E2 )  P ( E2 )  P ( A / E3 )  P ( E3 ), 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 0.01   0.03   0.15 , 6, 3, 2,
1, 1, , 100, 6, 1, 1, 3, 1, 15, 1, , ,  , , 100, 6, 100 3, 100 2, 1, 1, 1, , 100, 6, 6, , 1 1, 15  1  6  45,
1 , 6, 100  6, 2 , 1 6, , 6 52, 1, 52, 0.01 , , , , , , , , , , , 5., , Box-I contains 2 gold coins, another
Box-II contains 1 gold and 1 silver coin., A person chooses a box at random and takes out a coin. If the
coin is gold,, what is the probability that other coin in the box is also gold?, , Soln: E1 - Box I, , P ( E1 ) , ,
E2 - Box II, , 1, ,, 2, , P ( A / E1 ) , , P ( E2 ) , 2,  1,, 2, , 1, 2, , P ( A / E2 ) , , 1, 2, , Required probability = P (
E1 / A ), , P ( E1 / A ) , , P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 ), P ( A / E1 )  P ( E1 )  P ( A / E2 )  P ( E2 ), 1, , , , 1, 1 1, , ,
2, 2 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 2, , , , 2 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, , 1 , , , , 1, 2

Page 99 :
98, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS, 1., , Two balls are drawn with replacement
from a box containing 10 black and 8, red balls. Find the probability that, i) both balls are red, ii) first
ball is black and second in red., iii) One of them is black and other in red., , Soln: Total number of balls =
18., Number of red balls = 8., Number of black balls = 10., i) Probability of getting a red ball in first draw
=, , 8, 4,  ., 18 9, , The ball is replaced after the first draw., ,  probability of getting red ball in 2nd draw
=,  probability of getting both balls red , , 8, 4, , 18 9, , 4 4, 16,  , 9 9, 81, 10, 5, , 18, 9, , ii)
Probability of getting first ball is black =, , Probability of getting second ball is red =, , 8, 4, , 18, 9, , 
probability of getting first ball blakc and second ball red is , , iii) Probability of getting first ball red =, ,
8, 4, , 18, 9, , Probability of getting second ball black, Required , , 5, 4, 20, , , 9, 9, 81, , 10, 5, , 18, 9, ,
4, 5, 20, , , 9, 9, 81, ,  Probability of that one of them is black and other red  P ( BR )  P ( RB ), 20, 20,
40, , , , 81, 81, 81, , 2., , Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are, , 1, 1,
and, 2, 3, , respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the, probability that (i) The
problem is solved; (ii) Exactly one of them solves the, problem.

Page 100 :
Sulalitha - Mathematics, , 99, , Soln: Probability of solving the problems by A, P ( A ) , Probability of
solving the problems by B, P ( B ) , , P( A  B)  P ( A) . P ( B) , , 1, 2, 1, 3, , 1 1, 1,  , 2 3, 6, , i) Probability
of problem is solved P ( A  B )  P ( A )  P ( B )  P ( A  B ), , 1, 1, 1, , , 2, 3, 6, 3  2 1, 4, 2, , , , 6, 6, 3,
, , ii) Probability that exactly one of them solves the problem:, ,  P [( A  B ')  ( A ' B ),  P ( A )  P ( B ')
 P ( B ) . P ( A '), 1  1, 1, 2  3 , 1 2,  , , 2 3, 1, 1, , , 3, 6, 2 1, 3, , , 6, 6, , , 3., , 1  1, 1 , 3
, 2, 1 1, , 3 2, , , , , , 1, 2, , Three cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of
52, well shuffled cards. What is the probability that first two cards are kings, and the third card drawn
is ace., , Soln: Let, , K - Card drawn is king., A - Card drawn is an ace., , P( K ) , , 4, 52, , P( K / K ) , , 3, [
one king already drawn & without replacement.], 51, , P ( A / KK ) , , 4, 50, ,  required probability using
multiplication theorem.

Page 101 :
100, , Sulalitha - Mathematics, , P ( KKA )  P ( K )  P ( K / K )  P ( A / KK ), 4, 3, 4, , , 52, 51, 50, 2, ,
5525, , , 4., , Prove that if E and F are independent then show that E and F' also, independent., , Soln: E
and F are independent., ,  P( E  F )  P (E ) . P ( F ), We know that, , E  ( E  F )  ( E  F '), P ( E )  P ( E  F
)  P ( E  F '), P ( E  F ')  P ( E )  P ( E  F ),  P(E )  P(E )  P ( F ),  P ( E ) 1  P ( F ) ,  P ( E ) . P ( F '), , 
hence E and F' are independent., 5., , If A and B are two independent events, then probability of
occurance of atleast, one of A and B is given by 1 – P(A') P(B')., , Soln: We have, P (Atleast one of A and
B) = P ( A  B ), ,  P( A )  P(B)  P( A  B ),  P ( A )  P (B)  P ( A) P (B),  P ( A )  P ( B ) 1  P ( A ) ,  P (
A )  P ( B ) . PWe
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P ( A ') 1  P ( B ) ,  1  P ( A ') P ( B '), * * *

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