UNIT #1 : LINEAR SYSTEMS

HOMEWORK LIST

SECTION HOMEWORK
Get Ready p. 4 – 7 # 1bdf, 3b, 4bc, 5bd (Use a table of values), 6ad (Use the
slope and y-intercept), 7bd, 8ac, 11ab, 12ac, 13a
1.1 p. 17 – 19 # 7, 8bc, 9ac, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20
1.3 p. 32 – 33 # 1, 3bc, 6, 7, 8
Determine the number of solutions for the following linear systems.
Show your work and explain your answer.
a) y = 3x – 7 and 3x + y = 8
b) 2x – y = 5 and 6x – 3y – 18 = 0
c) x + 4y – 12 = 0 and 8y = -2x + 24
1.2 p. 26 – 28 # 1a, 4a, 5bd, 12, 14, 19, 20b, 21
1.4 p. 40 – 41 # 1ac, 4a, 5d, 7c, 12a, 13, 18, 20b
1.5 p. 46 – 47 # 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 15
p. 46 # 7, 8 p. 51 # 19
Unit #1 Review p. 48 – 49 # 2, 4, 8, 9, 10b (Use Elimination), 13, 14, 15, 16
Determine the number of solutions for the following linear systems.
Show your work and explain your answer.
a) x + 5y – 10 = 0 and y = -1/5x + 2
b) 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 and y = 2x + 1
c) 4x – 2y = 14 and 3y = 6x – 15

Answer Key for 1.3 Extra Question :

a) 1 solution because lines have different slopes

b) 0 solutions because the lines are parallel
c) Infinite number of solutions because lines are equivalent

Answer Key for Unit #1 Review Extra Question :

a) Infinite number of solutions because lines are equivalent

b) 1 solution because lines have different slopes
c) 0 solutions because the lines are parallel

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 1.1 SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEMS: GRAPHING BY HAND

 When two or more equations are used to model a problem, it is called a system of equations.

 If all the equations are linear it is called a linear system.

 A linear system in two unknowns consists of two or more linear equations involving two variables.
Example of a linear system: 2x + 3y = 8 and 5x – 2y = 1

 A solution to a linear system is an ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies all the equations in the system.
On a graph, the solution is the point of intersection.

 Steps to solving a linear system by graphing:

1. Graph each linear equation on the same grid.
2. Locate the point of intersection of the lines. With a hand-drawn graph, you may not be able to
find the exact solution.
3. To verify your solution, substitute the point of intersection into each equation. If the point
satisfies all the equations, (LS=RS), then it is the solution to the linear system.

Examples:
1. Use the graph below to answer the following questions.
a) Identify the solution to the linear system.
b) Verify your solution. y = -1/2x + 5 y = 3x – 2

2. Solve the following linear system by graphing each line on the same grid. Verify your solution.
y = 2x + 1 and x – 3y = 12

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3. Find the point of intersection for each pair of lines. Check your solution.
2 x  5 y  10  0 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0

4. Natalie is planning her dad’s retirement party. She compares the cost of halls to host the
party.
Family Stone Hall : $200 plus $15/guest
Memory Hall : $100 plus $20/guest
a) Write an equation for the cost of Family Stone Hall. Let C represent the cost and g
represent the number of guests.
b) Write an equation for the cost of Memory Hall. Let C represent the cost and g represent
the number of guests.
c) Graph both lines on the same grid by using a table of values.
d) Find the point of intersection.
e) What does the point of intersection represent?
f) In what situation is it better to use Family Stone Hall and in when is it better to use
Memory Hall?

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1.3 INVESTIGATING WAYS THAT TWO LINES CAN INTERSECT
Investigate Equivalent Linear Relations and Equivalent Linear Systems

 Two lines that intersect at one point have ONE SOLUTION to the linear system.

In a linear system with one solution, the two linear equations have :
DIFFERENT SLOPES
(The y-intercept has no influence)

 Two lines that never intersect must be parallel and therefore there is NO SOLUTION to
the linear system.

In a linear system with no solution, the two linear equations have :

SAME SLOPES
& DIFFERENT Y-INTERCEPTS

 Two lines that intersect at every point must be equivalent lines, or coincidental lines, and
therefore have an INFINITE NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS, or MANY SOLUTIONS.

For any linear equation, an equivalent linear equation

can be written by multiplying the equation by any real
number.
Ex. x – 2y = 3 is a linear equation.
An equivalent linear equation might be 3x – 6y = 9

In a linear system with infinite # of solutions, the two linear equations have :
SAME SLOPES
& SAME Y-INTERCEPTS

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Examples:

1. Determine the number of solutions for the following linear systems. Explain.
a) y = 4x – 5 and 4x – 3y = 12 b) 2x + y = 3 and 4x + 2y = 6

c) x – 3y = 9 and y = 1x + 2
3

Equivalent Linear Systems:

 have the same solution

 the graphs of the linear relations in the system have the same point of intersection

Equivalent Linear Systems can be written by:

 writing linear equations for either or both of the equations, or

 by adding or subtracting the original equations

Examples:

1. A linear system is given below.

 2x – 8y = 10
 x + 3y = 5

a) Explain why the following is an equivalent linear system.

 x – 4y = 5
 3x + 9y = 15

b) Check that the point (5, 0) is the solution for both linear systems.

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 1.2 SOLVING A LINEAR SYSTEM USING ALGEBRA
(The Method of SUBSTITUTION)

 Algebraic methods for solving a linear system give the exact solution.

Steps to solving a linear system using the method of SUBSTITUTION

1. Isolate one of the variables, either x or y, in one of the equations.

2. Substitute the expression you have determined into the other equation for the
corresponding variable.
3. Solve the new equation.
4. Substitute the value of the variable you have determined into one of the original
equations.
5. Solve this equation for the remaining variable.
6. Verify your solution.
7. Write a final statement.

Examples:

1. Solve the following linear systems by using the method of Substitution.

a)  y  2 x  3 and  y  3x  8

b)  2 x  5 y  18 and  x  2 y  6

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c)  2( x  3)  y  7 and  3 x  2( y  1)  0

d)  x  3 y  12  0 and  2 x  6 y  24  0

e)  2 x  y  6 and  4 x  2 y  5

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2. The following three lines intersect to form a triangle.

 y = 2x  3x + y = 5  x + 2y = -5

a) Algebraically find the coordinates of each vertex.

b) Is this a right triangle? Explain your answer.

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 1.4 SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEMS USING ALGEBRA
(The Method of ELIMINATION)

Steps to solving linear systems using Elimination

1) Express both equations in the form ax + by = c.

2)  If the coefficients of one of the variables in both equations have the exact same
value, then you SUBTRACT the two equations. This will eliminate one of the
variables.
 If the coefficients of one of the variables in both equations have the same value
but opposite signs, then you ADD the two equations. This will eliminate one of the
variables.
 If neither variable have the same coefficient, you must multiply one or both
equations by a factor so that one of the variables has the same coefficient. Then
you can add/subtract the two equations to eliminate one of the variables.
3) Solve the resulting equation for the remaining variable.
4) Substitute the value of the variable you have determined into one of the original
equations.
5) Solve this equation for the remaining variable.
6) Verify your solution.
7) Write a final statement.

Examples:

Solve the following linear systems by using the method of Elimination.

1.  3 x  y  3  0 and  y  2 x  2  0

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2.  x  2 y  0 and  x  y  3  0

9 3
3.  3 x  5 y  21  0 and  y x
4 2

4.  4 y  3 x  4 and  2 x  5 y  9  0

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 1.5 SOLVE PROBLEMS USING LINEAR SYSTEMS

Steps to solving word problems involving linear systems

1) Write opening statements representing each unknown quantity with a variable.

2) Set up equations using the variables you have defined as well as information given in the
problem.
3) Solve the linear system, using either the method of Substitution or Elimination.
4) Check your solution.
5) Write a final statement.

Examples:

A. Break-even Problems:

1. J.R.’s Banquet Hall charges $500 to rent the room plus $13 for each meal. Patti’s Banquet
Hall charges $400 for the hall plus $17 for each meal. When will both places cost the
same?

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B. Relative Value Reasoning Problems:

2. Christian has a total of eight toy cars and trucks to play with. His birthday is soon. He
hopes to double the number of cars he has now. If he does, he will have a total of 11 cars
and trucks. How many cars and how many trucks does he have now?

3. Jack has a collection of red and blue toy trains. He has a total of 45 trains. If Jack has 5
more red trains than blue trains, how many of each colour does he have?

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C. Mixture Problems:

4. Matthew’s piggy bank contains 308 quarters and nickels. If Matthew has a total of $33.60
in his piggy bank, how many quarters and nickels does he have?

5. Yasmin has $8000 to invest and would like to earn $500 from her investment. How much
should she invest in a stock that has been getting a 10% annual return and how much should
she invest in savings bonds that pay 4% annual interest?

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6. Mary has a bottle of 5% acetic acid and a bottle of 10% acetic acid. How much of each
should she use to make 250mL of 8% acetic acid?

D. Rate Problems:

7. Josie traveled the 95km from Berry to Oshawa by car and GO train. The car averaged
60km/h and the train averaged 90km/h. The entire trip took 1.5 hours.
a) How long was Josie in the car for?
b) What distance did Josie travel by train?

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8. A canoeist took 2 hours to travel 12km down a river. The return trip, against the current,
took 3 h. What was the average paddling rate of the canoeist? What was the speed of the
current?

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