1.

define let
● ‘Let’ is a keyword used to declare variables.
● Variables declared with ‘let’ are limited in scope to the expression in
which they are declared.
● This means they are not accessible outside of their containing block.

function example2() {
console.log(y); // Error: Cannot access 'y' before
initialization
let y = 20;
console.log(y); // Output: 20
}
example2();

2. define var
● Variables declared with ‘var’ have global scope, depending on
where they are declared.
● Variables declared with ‘var’ are hoisted on top of their containing
function.
● This means they are accessible throughout the entire function
function example() {
console.log(x); // Output: undefined
var x = 10;
console.log(x); // Output: 10
}
example();

3. define const
● ‘Const’ is a keyword used to declare constants.
● Value cannot be changed or reassigned after initialization.
● They are limited in scope to the block, statement, or expression in
which they are declared.

const PI = 3.14159;
console.log(PI); // Output: 3.14159

// Attempting to reassign a constant will result in an

error
PI = 3.14; // Error

4. log statements (eg. string + number)

 ● log statements are used to output information to the console.
● They are commonly used to display messages to the developer.
● The most commonly used log statement is console.log( ) which
outputs a message to the console.

let name = "John";

let age = 30;

console.log("Hello, " + name + "! You are " + age + "

years old."); // Hello John! You are 30 years old.

5. define loops
● Used to execute a block of code repeatedly until the certain condition
is met.
● They provide a way to automate repetitive tasks and repeat over
collections of data.
● They are of 3 types. For loop, while loop, do while loop.
● For Loop: Executes a block of code a specified number of times.
● While Loop: Executes a block of code while a specified condition is
true.
● Do-While Loop: Executes a block of code once, then repeats the loop
as long as a specified

6. purpose of diff. Loops

● For loop
➢ Used when the number of replications is known by a
condition.
➢ Provides a compact syntax for initialising, testing, and
updating loop variables.
● While loop
➢ Used when the number of repetitions is not known
beforehand and depends on a condition.
➢ Executes the loop as long as the specified condition is true.
● Do while loop
➢ Similar to the while loop but the code block is executed at
least once before checking the condition.
➢ Used when we want to execute the loop body at least once,
regardless of the condition.
7. why do we use for loop, while loop, do-while
loop. (ref the prev ans)

8. diff. loop, while loop, do-while loop (ref the prev

ans)

9. diff. =, ==, ===

● Use = for assignment.Used to assign a value to a variable.
let i = 0;
● Use == for loose equality comparison with type coercion. Performs
type coercion, which tries to convert the operands to the same type
before comparison. 0 =='0' // true
● Use === for strict equality comparison without type coercion. Does
not perform type coercion, so the values must be of the same data
type to be considered equal. 0 === '0' // false

10. define DOM

● DOM stands for Document Object Model.
● It is a programming interface that allows us to create, change, or
remove elements from the document.
● We can also add events to these elements to make our page more
dynamic.

11. what is javascript

● JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language primarily
used for making web pages interactive.
● It was created to add dynamic and interactive elements to web pages,
allowing them to respond to user actions
● JavaScript can be embedded directly into HTML code and executed by
web browsers, making it an essential component of web development.
12. why do we use javascript why not python
● We use JavaScript because:
➢ It's the primary language for web development, making web
pages interactive.
➢ It's used with popular frameworks like React and Angular for
building modern web apps.
➢ It's essential for creating dynamic and responsive user
interfaces.
➢ It's widely supported by browsers and has a large community
of developers.

● We might not choose Python because:

➢ It's not built for client-side web development like JavaScript.
➢ While it's great for tasks like data analysis and machine
learning, it's not as suited for front-end web development.

13. importance of javascript

● JavaScript makes web pages interactive and dynamic.
● It allows for client-side scripting, reducing server load and
improving user experience.
● It's used with popular frameworks like React and Angular for
building modern web apps.
● JavaScript builds rich user interfaces and responsive web
applications.
● It is supported by a large and active developer community.

14. why do we use DOM

● It allows to access, manipulate, and update the content, structure,
and style of web pages.
● It enables dynamic and interactive web development by allowing
scripts to respond to user actions, events, and changes in the
document.
● It enables the development of web applications with rich
functionality and responsive design,
● It forms the foundation for modern web development
15. how can we assign or join documents & DOM
with javascript
● Accessing Elements: Select elements from the DOM based on their
ID, class, or CSS selector.
let myElement = document.getElementById('myElement');

● Manipulating Elements: Once selected an element, we can

manipulate its properties, attributes, or content
myElement.innerHTML = 'New content';
myElement.style.color = 'red';

● Creating New Elements: we can create new elements and include

them to the DOM
let newElement = document.createElement('div');
newElement.textContent = 'New element';
document.body.appendChild(newElement);

16. what are events ( like click events, double click

events, key press events )
● Event listeners are functions that are executed in response to a
specific event occurring on an HTML element.
● They "listen" for events to happen and then execute a callback
function when the event occurs
● Click Event Listener: listens for a click event on a button element
and executes a function when clicked.
button.addEventListener('click', function() {
console.log('Button clicked!');
});
● Double Click Event Listener: This listens for a double click event on
a button element and executes a function when double clicked.

button.addEventListener('dblclick', function() {
console.log('Button double clicked!');
});

● Key Press Event Listener: This listens for a key press event on the
document and executes a function when a key is pressed.
document.addEventListener('keypress', function(event) {
console.log('Key pressed: ' + event.key);
});
17. define switch case
Switch statements in JavaScript provide a way to execute different
blocks of code based on the value of a variable or expression.

It's an alternative to using multiple if statements for such scenarios.

let day = "Monday";

switch (day) {
case "Monday":
console.log("It's the start of the week.");
case "Tuesday":
console.log("It's Tuesday!");
case "Wednesday":
console.log("It's midweek.");
default:
console.log("It's some other day.");
}

18. define flow control

● Flow control directs code execution based on conditions.
● It's like giving instructions on what to do next depending on the
situation.
● We can make decisions, repeat actions, or execute specific code
based on the program.
● This helps to create dynamic and flexible scripts that can respond
to various scenarios.
● This includes conditional statements, looping, and switch
statements.

19. if-else statement

● If: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.

let temperature = 25;

 if (temperature > 20) {
console.log("It's a warm day!"); // Output: It's a warm day!
}

● Else: Executes a block of code if the ‘if’ condition is false.

let age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
console.log("You are an adult."); // Output
} else {
console.log("You are a minor.");
}

● Else if: Allows you to check additional conditions if the previous

condition is false.

let score = 75;

if (score >= 90) {
console.log("You got an A!");
} else if (score >= 80) {
console.log("You got a B!");
} else {
console.log("You need to study harder!");
}

20. template literals ( eg. )

● Template literals provide a way to create strings that can include
variables or expressions by using $ symbol and {} curly brackets.
● They are enclosed by backticks (`) instead of single or double
quotes.
let message =
`Hello, my name is ${name}.My age is ${age}.`;

21. how do we use backtick ( ` ) strings, how are

they different from normal strings
 ● To embed expressions or variables within the string, you use ${ }
syntax. Inside ${ }, you can place any valid expression or variable
name.
● This syntax will be enclosed by backticks with additional
messages or information.

Difference:-
● Backtick strings:
➢ created using backticks (``),
➢ allow embedding expressions and variables directly within
the string using ${} syntax.
➢ Backtick strings allow easy inclusion of single and double
quotes within the string without escaping.
● Normal strings:
➢ created using single quotes (') or double quotes (").
➢ require concatenation or string insertion methods like + to
include variables.
➢ require escaping single or double quotes with backslashes.

22. diff.three types of defining in string ( ', ", ` )

● Single Quotes ('):
➢ Encloses string using single quotes.
➢ Can be used to create simple strings without any special
characters
let message = 'Hello, World!';

● Double Quotes ("):

➢ Encloses string literals using double quotes.
➢ Similar to single quotes, can be used for simple strings
without any special characters.
let message = "Hello, World!";
● Backticks (`):
➢ Used for template literals.
➢ Allow embedding expressions and variables within the string
using ${} syntax.
let message =
`Hello, my name is ${name}.My age is ${age}.`;