FUNCTION LEC - 3 ASSIGNMENT 1

ISI – FUNCTION - 3

 a x −1 
1. Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f ( x ) = x  x 
 a +1 

2. (
Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f ( x ) = log x + x 2 + 1 )
3. Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f ( x ) = x 2 − x

4. Let f be defined by f ( x ) = x 3 − kx 2 + 2x, x  R . Find k, if f is an odd function

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

5. Write even and odd extension of f ( x ) = x 2 + 2x 4 + 5x 3 ; x  0

6. Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f (x) = 1 + x + x 2 − 1 − x + x 2
7. Determine the nature of the following for even and odd: f(x) = k(constant)
x x
8. Find whether the given function is even or odd? f (x) = + +1
e −1 2
x

 x +1 
9. If f is an even function, find the real values of x satisfying the equation f (x) = f  .
 x+2
10. Which of the following functions is a one-one function?
(a) f ( x ) = 3x + 2 (b) f ( x ) = 2x 2 + 1

(c) f ( x ) = x 4 (d) none of these

11. The relation f defined as f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2 over all real numbers is _____

(a) not a function (b) a one-one function

(c) a many-one function (d) none of these
12. The relation f defined as f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 over positive real numbers is _____

13. In which of the following domains will f ( x ) = x 2 be a one-one function?

(a) x  ( −1, 1) (b) x  ( 0, 1)

 1 1
(c) x   − ,  (d) none of these
 2 2
14. If a function is onto, then _____.
FUNCTION LEC - 3 2

(a) its domain and codomain are equal

(b) its range is a proper subset of its codomain
(c) its range and codomain are equal
(d) its domain is a proper subset of its codomain
15. Check Surjectivity:

f : 0, 2 → 1, 26 , defined as f ( x ) = ( 3sin x − 4 cos x ) + 1

2

16. f : R → S, defined as f ( x ) = [sin x] is an onto function then S must be, (where [.] is GIF)

(a) [−1, 1] (b) {−1, 0, 1} (c) {−sin1, 0 , sin1} (d) none

17. Let a function is defined as f : R → R

f(x) =
If f(x) is one-one then set of values of ‘m’ will be
(a) (– , 0) (b) (– , 0] (c) (0, ) (d) [0, )

18. Let f:R→ R be a function defined by f(x) = . Then :

(a) f is both one-one and onto (b) f is one-one but not onto
(c) f is onto but not one-one (d) f is neither one-one nor onto
19. Let A = (x1, x2,…..,x8), B = (y1, y2, y3), the total no. of functions f : A → B that are onto and there are
exactly four elements (x) in A such that
f(x) = y3, is equal to
(a) 16 × 8C4 (b) 14 × 8C4 (c) 16 × 4C4 (d) None of these
20. Let f : {x, y, z} → {1, 2, 3} be a one-one mapping such that only one of the following three
statements is true and remaining two are false : f(x)  2, f(y) = 2, f(z)  1, then:
(a) f(x) > f(y) > f(z) (b) f(x) < f(y) < f(z)
(c) f(y) < f(x)< f(z) (d) f(y) < f(z) < f(x)
21. Let f : R – {n} → R be a function defined by

f(x) = , where m  n . This function is

(a) one-one onto (b) one-one into
(c) many-one onto (d) many one into
FUNCTION LEC - 3 3

22. If a function f : [2 , ) → B defined by f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5 is a bijection, then B is equal to

(a) R (b) [1, ) (c) [4, ) (d) [5, )

23. If 1 + 2x is a function having as domain and (– , ) as co-domain, then it is –

(a) onto but not one-one (b) one-one but not onto
(c) one-one and onto (d) neither one-one nor onto

24. f(x)= , where x is not an integral multiple of  and [.] denotes the greatest integer function
is
(a) an odd function (b) even function
(c) neither odd nor even (d) none of these
25. Let the function f : R → R be defined by
f(x) = 2x + sin x, x  R. Then f is –
(a) one-to-one and onto (b) one-to-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-to-one (d) neither one-to-one nor onto
26. Let ƒ : R → R be a function such that ƒ(x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x. Then –
(a) f is one-one and into (b) f is one-one and onto
(c) f is many-one and into (d) f is many-one and onto
27. ƒ(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 4x + b sin x + c cos x,  x  R is a one-one function then the value of b2 + c2 is –
(a)  1 (b)  2 (c)  1 (d) none of these
FUNCTION LEC - 3 4

Solutions:
 a x −1 
1 Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f ( x ) = x  x 
 a +1 

 a x −1 
Sol: Given, f ( x ) = x  x 
 a +1 
 a −x −1 
f ( −x ) = ( −x )  − x 
 a +1
 1− ax 
= −x  x 
 1+ a 
 a x −1 
= x x  = f (x)
 a +1
 f ( x ) is even.

2 (
Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f ( x ) = log x + x 2 + 1 )
Solution:

(
Given, f ( x ) = log x + x 2 + 1 )
(
f ( − x ) = log − x + x 2 + 1 )
 1 
= log  
 x + x +1 
2

(
= − log x + x 2 + 1 )
= −f ( x )

f ( x ) is odd.

3 Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f ( x ) = x 2 − x

Solution:
Given, f ( x ) = x 2 − x

f ( −x ) = ( −x ) − −x
2

f ( −x ) = x 2 − x = f ( x )

f(x) is even
FUNCTION LEC - 3 5

4 Let f be defined by f ( x ) = x 3 − kx 2 + 2x, x  R . Find k, if f is an odd function

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Answer: (a)
Solution:
f ( x ) = x 3 − kx 2 + 2x
f ( − x ) = − x 3 − kx 2 − 2x

Sine f(x ) is odd,

−x 3 − kx 2 − 2x = −x 3 + kx 2 − 2x
Comparing both sides we get
K=0
5 Write even and odd extension of f ( x ) = x 2 + 2x 4 + 5x 3 ; x  0

Solution:
f ( x ) = x 2 + 2x 4 + 5x 3 ; x  0

For Even extension

 x 2 + 2x 4 − 5x 3 ; x  0
f (x) =  2
 x + 2 x + 5x ; x  0
4 3

For Odd extension

6 Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd : f (x) = 1 + x + x 2 − 1 − x + x 2
Solution:

f (x) = 1 + x + x 2 − 1 − x + x 2
f (− x) = 1 − x + x 2 − 1 + x + x 2 = f (x)
 f(x) is odd function

7 Determine the nature of the following for even and odd: f(x) = k(constant)
Solution:
f (x) = K (constant)
Constant functions (except f(x) =0) are always even function.
x x
8 Find whether the given function is even or odd? f (x) = + +1
e −1 2
x

Solution:
FUNCTION LEC - 3 6

We have
−x x −e x .x x
f (− x) = + + 1 = − +1
ex − 1 2 1 − ex 2
(e x − 1 + 1)x x
= − +1
(e x − 1) 2
x x x x
=x+ x − +1 = x + + 1 = f (x)
e −1 2 e −1 2
 x +1 
9 If f is an even function, find the real values of x satisfying the equation f (x) = f  .
 x+2
Solution:
Since, f(x) is even, so f (–x) = f(x)
x +1 x +1
Thus x = or − x =
x+2 x+2
 x 2 + 2x = x + 1 or −x 2 − 2x = x + 1
 x 2 + x − 1 = 0 or − x 2 − 3x − 1 = 0

−1  5 −3  5
x= or x =
2 2
 −1 + 5 −1 − 5 −3 + 5 −3 5 
Thus, x   , , , 
 2 2 2 2 

10 Which of the following functions is a one-one function?

(a) f ( x ) = 3x + 2 (b) f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 1

(c) f ( x ) = x 4 (d) none of these

Ans: (a)
Sol: For f ( x ) = 3x + 2 , consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

 3x1 + 2 = 3x2 + 2
 x1 = x2

Thus, f ( x ) = 3x + 2 is a one-one function

For f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 1 , consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

 2 x12 + 1 = 2 x2 2 + 1
 x12 = x2 2
 x1 =  x2
FUNCTION LEC - 3 7

Thus, f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 1 is not a one-one function

For f ( x ) = x 4 , consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

 x14 = x2 4
 x14 − x2 4 = 0
 ( x12 − x2 2 )( x12 + x2 2 ) = 0
 ( x1 − x2 )( x1 + x2 ) ( x12 + x2 2 ) = 0
 x1 = x2 or x1 + x2 = 0 or x1 = x2 = 0

Thus, f ( x ) = x 4 is not a one-one function

11 The relation f defined as f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2 over all real numbers is _____

(a) not a function (b) a one-one function

(c) a many-one function (d) none of these
Ans: (c)
Sol: For each x  , we can find a unique value of f ( x ) , so it is a function.

For f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2 , consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

 x12 + 3x1 + 2 = x2 2 + 3x2 + 2

 x12 − x2 2 + 3x1 − 3x2 = 0
 ( x1 + x2 )( x1 − x2 ) + 3 ( x1 − x2 ) = 0
 ( x1 + x2 + 3)( x1 − x2 ) = 0
 x1 + x2 + 3 = 0 or x1 = x2

Thus, f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x + 2 is a many-one function.

12 The relation f defined as f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 over positive real numbers is _____

(a) not a function (b) a one-one function

(c) a many-one function (d) none of these
Ans: (b)
Sol: For each x  +
, we can find a unique value of f ( x ) , so it is a function.

For f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 , consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
FUNCTION LEC - 3 8

 x12 + 2 = x2 2 + 2
 x12 − x2 2 = 0
 ( x1 + x2 )( x1 − x2 ) = 0
 x1 + x2 = 0 or x1 = x2
+
But, since x1 , x2  , hence x1 + x2  0 .

Thus, x1 = x2

Thus, f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 is a one-one function over positive real numbers.

13 In which of the following domains will f ( x ) = x 2 be a one-one function?

(a) x  ( −1, 1) (b) x  ( 0, 1)

 1 1
(c) x   − ,  (d) none of these
 2 2
Ans: (b)
Sol: For f ( x ) = x 2 , consider f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )

 x12 = x2 2
 x12 − x2 2 = 0
 ( x1 + x2 )( x1 − x2 ) = 0
 x1 + x2 = 0 or x1 = x2

 1 1
Now, in the domains x  ( −1, 1) and x   − ,  , we can find solutions for x1 + x2 = 0 .
 2 2
But, in the domain x  ( 0, 1) , x1 + x2 = 0 will have no solutions.

Thus, x1 = x2 for x  ( 0, 1) .

Hence, f ( x ) = x 2 is a one-one function in the domain x  ( 0, 1) .

14 If a function is onto, then _____.

(a) its domain and codomain are equal
(b) its range is a proper subset of its codomain
(c) its range and codomain are equal
(d) its domain is a proper subset of its codomain
Ans: (c)
FUNCTION LEC - 3 9

Sol: For a function to be onto, its range and codomain must be equal.
15 Check Surjectivity:
f : 0, 2  → 1, 26 , defined as f ( x ) = ( 3sin x − 4 cos x )2 + 1
(a) Could not solve (b) Solved
Ans: (b)

f ( x ) = ( 3sin x − 4 cos x ) + 1
2
Sol:

As − 25  3sin x − 4cos x  25
−5  3sin x − 4cos x  5
Thus f ( x )min = 0 + 1 = 1

f ( x )max = ( 5 ) + 1 = 26
2

Thus f ( x )  1, 26

Hence f(x) is onto

16 f : R → S , defined as f ( x ) = [sin x] is an onto function then S must be, (where [.] is GIF)

(a) [−1, 1] (b) {−1, 0, 1} (c) {−sin1, 0 , sin1} (d) none

Ans: (b)

Sol: f ( x ) = [sin x]
For all real values of ‘x’
Sin x gives values between −1 and 1
Thus all integers between them will be range of [sin x]
Thus S  −1,0,1

17 Let a function is defined as f : R → R

f(x) =
If f(x) is one-one then set of values of ‘m’ will be
(a) (– , 0) (b) (– , 0]
(c) (0, ) (d) [0, )
Sol. [A]
For f to be one-one, vertex must lie on or to the right of y-axis.
FUNCTION LEC - 3 10

–m0  m0

for m = 0, f(x) =
which is not one-one.
 m  (– , 0)

18 Let f:R→ R be a function defined by f(x) = . Then :

(A) f is both one-one and onto
(B) f is one-one but not onto
(C) f is onto but not one-one
(D) f is neither one-one nor onto
Sol. f is not one-one as f(0) = 0 and f(–1) = 0. f is also not onto as for y = 1 there is no x  R such that f(x) = 1. If
there is such a x  R then e|x| – e–x = ex + e–x. Clearly x  0. For x > 0, this equation gives –e–x = e–x which is not
possible. For x < 0, the above equation gives ex = –e–x which is also not possible.

19 Let A = (x1, x2,…..,x8), B = (y1, y2, y3), the total no. of functions f : A → B that are onto and there are exactly
four elements (x) in A such that
f(x) = y3, is equal to
(A) 16 × 8C4 (B) 14 × 8C4 (C) 16 × 4C4 (D) None of these
Sol: Four elements of A having image y3 can be selected in 8C4 ways. Now, no. of ways in which remaining 4
elements of A can be connected with two elements of B is 24 – 2 = 14 ways
 Total function are = 8C4 × 14
20 Let f : {x, y, z} → {1, 2, 3} be a one-one mapping such that only one of the following three statements is true
and remaining two are false : f(x)  2, f(y) = 2, f(z)  1, then:
(a) f(x) > f(y) > f(z) (B) f(x) < f(y) < f(z) (C) f(y) < f(x)< f(z) (D) f(y) < f(z) < f(x)
Sol. Let f(x)  2 be true and f(y) = 2, f(z)  1 are false
 f(x)  2, f(y)  2, f(z) = 1
 f(x) = 3, f(y) = 3, f(z) = 1 but then function is many one, similarly two other cases.
21 Let f : R – {n} → R be a function defined by

f(x) = , where m  n . This function is-

(A) one-one onto (B) one-one into
FUNCTION LEC - 3 11

(C) many-one onto (D) many one into

Sol. We have f(x) = , x  R – {n}

Let f(x1) = f(x2) for x1 , x2  R – {n}

 =
 x1x2 –nx1 – mx2 + mn = x1x2 –nx2 – mx1 + mn
 (m–n)x1 = (m – n)x2  x1 = x2
 f is one-one

f(x) = k  =k

 x – m = kx – kn  x =
1  R and for k = 1, x is not a real no.
 f is not onto
22 If a function f : [2 , ) → B defined by
f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5 is a bijection, then B is equal to
(A) R (B) [1, ) (C) [4, ) (D) [5, )
Sol: We have f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5, x  [ 2 , )
 f(x) = (x – 2)2 + 1  1  R (f)  [1 , )
Let k  [1 , ) and f(x) = k
 x2 – 4x + 5 = k  x2 – 4x + 5 – k = 0

 (x–2)2 = k –1  x – 2 = ±

x=2± x=2+  [2, )

 [1, )  R(f)  R(f) = [1, )

23 If 1 + 2x is a function having as domain and (– , ) as co-domain, then it is –

(A) onto but not one-one (B) one-one but not onto
(C) one-one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto

Sol: Let f(x) = 1 + 2x, x 

f(x1) = f(x2) = 1 + 2x1 = 1 + 2x2  x1 = x2
FUNCTION LEC - 3 12

 f is one-one

24 f(x)= , where x is not an integral multiple of  and [.] denotes the greatest integer function is -
(A) an odd function
(B) even function
(C) neither odd nor even
(D) none of these

Sol. Clearly =–
 f(x) is an odd function.
25 Let the function f : R → R be defined by
f(x) = 2x + sin x, x  R. Then f is -
(A) one-to-one and onto (B) one-to-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-to-one (D) neither one-to-one nor onto

Sol. [A]  f(x) = 2x + sin x  f '(x) = 2 + cos x > 0

 f(x) is strictly increasing in R more over f(x) = ±   Range is R so it is one-one onto

26 Let ƒ : R → R be a function such that
ƒ(x) = x3 + x2 + 3x + sin x. Then –
(A) f is one-one and into (B) f is one-one and onto
(C) f is many-one and into (D) f is many-one and onto
Sol: ƒ(x) = 3x2 + 2x + 3 + cos x = 3(x2 + (2/3)x + 1) + cos x = 3

 ƒ is an strictly increasing function

 ƒ is one – one function

f(x) = x3 = +

Similarly, f(x) = –
Moreover f(x) is a continuous function.
FUNCTION LEC - 3 13

 Rf = R = co-domain
Hence f is an onto function.
27 ƒ(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 4x + b sin x + c cos x,  x  R is a one-one function then the value of b2 + c2 is -
(A)  1 (B)  2
(C)  1 (D) none of these
Sol. Here, ƒ(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 4x + b sin x + c cos x
ƒ(x) = 3x2 + 6x + 4 + b cos x – c sin x

Now for ƒ(x) to be one-one only possibility is

ƒ(x)  0,  x  R
i.e., 3x2 + 6x + 4 + b cos x – c sin x  0,  x  R

i.e., 3x2 + 6x + 4  c sin x – b cos x,  x  R

i.e., 3x2 + 6x + 4  ,xR

i.e.,  3(x2 + 2x + 1) + 1,  x  R

 3(x + 1)2 + 1,  x  R

 1,  x  R
 b2 + c2  1,  x  R
Hence (C) is the correct answer.