SMART AGRICULTURAL

AUTOMATION SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY: MENTOR:

KEERTHITHA M - 61072212123 Mr. R. MANIKUMAR
PONVIZHI P - 61072212134 (Assistant Professor)
THANUKKA S - 61072212153
SUBASHINI S - 61072312903
ABSTRACT
 This project aims in providing a user friendly, reliable and automated water pumping
system for consumers. Now a day's technology is running with time, it completely
occupied the life style of human beings. This basic idea gave birth to the Project
Automatic irrigation system by using soil moisture sensors for consumers and this
project aims in introducing the automation technology into the lives of the human
beings. This project is designed to develop on automatic irrigation system which
switches the pump motor on/off on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the
field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of
using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.
The project uses AVR Microcontroller which is programmed to receive the input
signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through sensing arrangement which is
achieved by using an Op-amp as comparator that acts as interface between the sensing
arrangement and microcontroller. Once the controller receives this signal, it generates
an output that drives a relay is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display status
of the soil and water pump. This sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff
metallic rods inserted in to the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods
are interfaced to the control Unit.
Introduction:
 Modern Challenges in Agriculture: Traditional farming methods are often inefficient
and labor-intensive, facing challenges such as water scarcity, unpredictable weather,
and rising labor costs. The integration of technology in agriculture offers a sustainable
and efficient solution to these problems.
 Role of Automation in Agriculture: Automation in farming enables real-time
monitoring and control of processes like irrigation, fertilization, and pest management.
By leveraging sensors and microcontrollers, farmers can enhance productivity, optimize
resource utilization, and reduce manual intervention.
 Why AVR Microcontrollers?: AVR microcontrollers provide a cost-effective,
versatile, and reliable platform for implementing smart agricultural systems. Their
robust performance, ease of programming, and compatibility with various sensors and
communication modules make them ideal for developing automated farming solutions.
Objectives:
 Enhance Agricultural Efficiency: Develop a system that streamlines farming
operations through automation, reducing human effort and time while maximizing crop
yield.
 Optimize Resource Utilization: Implement technology to monitor and control the use
of resources like water, fertilizers, and energy, ensuring minimal wastage and
sustainable practices.
 Enable Real-Time Monitoring and Decision-Making: Create a system that provides
farmers with accurate, real-time data on environmental conditions and crop status,
facilitating informed decisions and timely interventions.
 Improve System Scalability and Adaptability: Design a system that can be easily
scaled and customized to suit different types of crops, farm sizes, and environmental
conditions.
 Reduce Operational Costs: Minimize the overall cost of farming operations by
automating repetitive tasks, lowering labor dependency, and ensuring precise resource
allocation.
System Components:
 AVR Microcontroller.
 12V Relay.
 12V Power supply.
 12V Adapter.
 Buzzer.
 Water pump.
 Soil moisture sensor.
Block Diagram:

Power Supply IC 7805 Regulator

Moisure AVR Relay

Sensor ADC Microcontroller

Pump

LCD Display Buzzer

Circuit Diagram:
Workflow:
 Sensor Deployment: Sensors such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light
intensity are strategically placed in the field to gather accurate environmental data.
 Data Collection and Transmission: Sensors continuously transmit data to the AVR
microcontroller for processing.
 Threshold Comparison: The AVR microcontroller compares real-time sensor data
against predefined thresholds (e.g., minimum soil moisture level).
 Decision-Making: The AVR microcontroller uses programmed logic to decide the
required action (e.g., turn on irrigation pump if soil moisture is below a set value).
 Activation of Actuators: The microcontroller sends signals to actuators like water
pumps, sprinklers, or fertilizer dispensers to perform tasks such as watering, fertilizing,
or controlling pests.
 Continuous Feedback Loop: The system dynamically adjusts its operations based on
updated sensor readings, ensuring optimal and responsive performance.
Advantages:
 Efficient Resource Utilization: Optimizes the use of water, fertilizers, and energy by
delivering them precisely when and where needed, reducing waste and conserving
resources.
 Real-Time Monitoring and Control: Provides instant access to farm data, enabling
farmers to make informed decisions and take timely actions, even remotely.
 Improved Crop Health: Ensures optimal growing conditions through continuous
monitoring of environmental factors, leading to healthier plants and higher-quality
yields.
 24/7 Operation: Works autonomously round-the-clock, ensuring critical farm
operations are never delayed due to human unavailability.
 Cost Reduction: Minimizes labor dependency and operational costs by automating
manual tasks and ensuring efficient resource management.
 Scalability and Customization: Can be tailored to different farm sizes, crop types, and
environmental conditions, making it adaptable for small-scale and large-scale farming.
Conclusion:
 The implementation of a smart agricultural automation system using AVR
microcontrollers revolutionizes traditional farming practices by integrating technology
for enhanced efficiency and sustainability.
 This system automates critical tasks such as irrigation, fertilization, and monitoring,
reducing manual effort while optimizing the use of resources.
 By enabling real-time data collection, decision-making, and remote control, it
empowers farmers to achieve higher productivity and better crop quality.
 Furthermore, its scalability, affordability, and eco-friendly nature make it a viable
solution for addressing the challenges of modern agriculture, paving the way for a
sustainable and technology-driven future in farming.
References:
 "Microcontroller-Based Agricultural Automation" by S. Rajasekaran and S. P. Simon
This book covers the application of microcontrollers, including AVR, in agricultural
automation, focusing on real-time systems, sensors, and control mechanisms.
 "Smart Agriculture: An Approach towards Agricultural Automation Using IoT and
Artificial Intelligence" by Rajendra Prasad and Dinesh S.
This book explores how IoT, AI, and microcontrollers such as AVR are being integrated
into agriculture to automate tasks, optimize resources, and improve overall efficiency.
 "Agricultural Robot for Automatic Ploughing and Seeding"
This paper discusses the development of a robot capable of performing operations like
automatic ploughing, seed dispensing, fruit picking, and pesticide spraying, all supervised
by an AVR Atmega microcontroller.