CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

• ABSTRAC
Hospital Management System is an organized computerized system designed
and programmed to deal with day to day operations and management of the
hospital activities. The program can look after inpatients, outpatients, records,
database treatments, status illness, billings in the pharmacy and labs. It also
maintains hospital information such as ward id, doctors in charge and
department administering. The major problem for the patient nowadays to get
report after consultation , many hospital managing reports in their system but
it's not available to the patient when he / she is outside. In this project we are
going to provide the extra facility to store the report in the database and make
available from anywhere in the world.

• Introduction:

The project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients,

storing their details into the system, and also computerized billing in the
pharmacy, and labs. The software has the facility to give a unique id for every
patient and stores the details of every patient and the staff automatically. It
includes a search facility to know the current status of each room. User can
search availability of a doctor and the details of a patient using the id.

The Hospital Management System can be entered using a username and

password. It is accessible either by an administrator or receptionist. Only they
can add data into the database. The data can be retrieved easily. The interface is
very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the
data processing very fast.

Hospital Management System is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is

designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals.
Hospital Management System is designed for multispeciality hospitals, to cover
a wide range of hospital administration and management processes. It is an
integrated end-to- end Hospital Management System that provides relevant
information across the hospital to support effective decision making for patient
care, hospital administration and critical financial accounting, in a seamless
flow.
Hospital Management System is a software product suite designed to improve
the quality and management of hospital management in the areas of clinical
process analysis and activity-based costing. Hospital Management System
enables you to develop your organization and improve its effectiveness and
quality of work. Managing the key processes efficiently is critical to the success
of the hospital helps you manage your processes

• Problem Introduction:

Lack of immediate retrievals: -

The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular information
like- E.g. - To find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through
various registers. This results in in convenienceand wastage of time.
Lack of immediate information storage: -
The information generated by various transactions takes time and efforts to be
stored at right place.
Lack of prompt updating: -
Various changes to information like patient details or immunization details of
child are difficult to make as paper work is involved.
Error prone manual calculation: -
Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may result in
incorrect information. For example calculation of patient’s bill based on various
treatments.
Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: -
This becomes a difficult task as information is difficult to collect from various register.
• Objective:-
• Define hospital
• Recording information about the Patients that come.
• Generating bills.
• Recording information related to diagnosis given to Patients.
• Keeping record of the Immunization provided to children/patients.
• Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available
to curethem.

These are the various jobs that need to be done in a Hospital by the operational
staff andDoctors. All these works are done on papers.

• Scope of the Project:-

• Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age
and gender. Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored
freshly.
• Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to
Patient on a separate sheet and at last they all are summed up.
• Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document,
which contains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time
period to decrease the paper load in the office.
• Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets,
which are kept in a file.
• Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors
themselves do this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff
and lot of papers are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to
remember various medicines available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better
alternatives as they can’t remember them at that time.
• MODULES:
The entire project mainly consists of 7 modules, which are
• Admin module
• User module (patient)
• Doctor module
• Nurse module
• Pharmacist module
• Laboratorist module
• Accountant module

• Admin module:
• manage department of hospitals, user, doctor, nurse, pharmacist,
laboratorist accounts.
• watch appointment of doctors
• watch transaction reports of patient payment
• Bed ,ward, cabin status
• watch blood bank report
• watch medicine status of hospital stock
• watch operation report
• watch birth report

• watch diagnosis report

• watch death report

• user module(patient):

• View appointment list and status with doctors

• View prescription details
• View medication from doctor
• View doctor list
• View blood bank status
• View operation history
• View admit history. like bed, ward icu etc
• Manage own profile

• Doctor module:
• Manage patient. account opening and updating
• Create, manage appointment with patient
 • Create prescription for patient
• Provide medication for patients
• Issue for operation of patients and creates operation report
• Manage own profile

• Nurse module:

• Manage patient. account opening and updating

• Allot bed, ward, cabin for patients
• Provide medication according to patient prescription
• Manage blood bank and update status
• Keep record of patient operation, baby born and death of patient
• Manage own profile

• Pharmacist module:
• Maintain medicine
• Keep records of hospitals stock medicines and status
• Manage medicine categories
• Watch prescription of patient
• Provide medication to prescriptions

• Laboratorist module:
 Watch prescription list 
 Upload diagnostic report
 Preview of report files. like xray images, ct scan, mri reports
 Manage own profile 

• Accountant module:

• Create invoice for payment

• Order invoice to patient
• Take cash payment
• Watch payment history of patients
• Manage own profile
 CHAPTER 2
DESIGN
• SYSTEM DESIGN:

• INTRODUCTION TO UML:

UML Design

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standard language for

specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the software system and
its components. It is a graphical language , which provides a vocabulary and set
of semantics and rules. The UML focuses on the conceptual and physical
representation ofthe system. It captures the decisions and understandings about
systems that must be constructed. It is used to understand, design, configure,
maintain, and control information about the systems.
Visualizing
Through UML we see or visualize an existing system and ultimately we
visualize how the system is going to be after implementation. Unless we
think, we cannot implement. UML helps to visualize, how the
components of the system communicate and interact with each other.

Specifying
Specifying means building, models that are precise, unambiguous and
complete UML addresses the specification of all the important analysis
design, implementation decisions that must be made in developing and
deploying a software system.

Constructing
UML models can be directly connected to a variety of programming
language through mapping a model from UML to a programming
language like JAVA or C++ or VB. Forward Engineering and Reverse
Engineering is possible through UML.

Documenting
 The Deliverables of a project apart from coding are some Artifacts,
which are critical in controlling, measuring and communicating about
a system during itsdeveloping requirements, architecture, desire,
source code, project plans, tests,prototypes releasers, etc...

• UML Approach
UML Diagram

A diagram is the graphical presentation of a set of elements, most

often rendered as a connected graph of vertices and arcs . you draw
diagram to visualize a system from different perspective, so a
diagram is a projection into a system. For all but most trivial
systems, a diagram represents an elided view of the elements that
make up a system. The same element may appear in all diagrams,
only a few diagrams , or in no diagrams at all. In theory, a diagram
may contain any combination of things and relationships. In
practice, however, a small number of common combinations arise,
which are consistent with the five most useful views that comprise
the architecture of a software-intensive system. For this reason, the
UML includes nine such diagrams:
• Class diagram
• Object diagram
• Use case diagram
• Sequence diagram
• Collaboration diagram
• State chart diagram
• Activity diagram
• Component diagram
• Deployment diagram

USE CASE DIAGRAM:

A usecase diagram in the Unified Modeling Language(UML) is atype of

behavioral diagram defined by and created from a use-case analysis.its purpose
is to present a graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in
terms of actors, their goals(represented as use cases),and any dependencies
between those use cases.
 Use case diagrams are formally included in two modeling languages
defined by the OMG:theunfied modeling language(UML) and the systems
modeling language(sysML)

• Use case diagram of our project:

• Class Diagram:
A Class is a category or group of things that has similar attributes and common
behavior. A Rectangle is the icon that represents the class it is divided into three
areas. The upper most area contains the name, the middle; area contains the
attributes and the lowest areas show the operations. Class diagrams provides the
representation that developers work from. Class diagrams help on the analysis
side, too.

• Sequence diagram:
A Sequence Diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasis the time ordering
of messages; a collaboration diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes
the structural organization of the objects that send and receive messages.
Sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams are isomorphic, meaning that
you can take one andtransform it into the other.

• Activity diagram:
A Activity diagram is another important behavioral diagram in UML diagram
to describe dynamic aspects of the system. Activity diagram is essentially an
advanced version of flow chart that modeling the flow from one activity to
another activity.
• Deployement diagram:
A Deployment Diagram shows the configuration of run-time processing nodes
and the components that live on them. Deployment diagrams address the static
deployment view of architecture. They are related to component diagrams in that
a node typically enclosesone or more components.

• E-R Diagrams:
Database is absolutely an integral part of software system. To fully utilize ER
Diagram in database engineering guarantee you to produce high quality
database design to use in database creation, management and maintenance. An
ER model also provides a means for communication.
 CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS
• EXISTING SYSTEM:
Hospitals currently use a manual system for the management and maintainance
of critical information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with
data stores spread through out the hospital management infrastructure. Often
information is incomplete or does not follow management standards. Forms are
often lost in transit between departments requiring a comprehensive auditing
process to ensure that no vital information is lost. Multiple copies of the same
information exist in the hospital and may lead to inconsistencies in data in
various data stores.

• PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The Hospital Management System is designed for any hospital to replace their
existing manual paper based system. The new system is to control the
information of patients. Room availability, staff and operating room schedules
and patient invoices. These services are to be provided in an efficient, cost
effective manner, with the goal of reducing the time and resources currently
required for such tasks .

• FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analysed in this phase and business

proposal is put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost
estimates. During system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system
is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden
to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major
requirements for the system is essential.

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are:

• Economic Feasibility

This study is carried out to check the economic impact will have
on the system will have on the organization. The amount of fund
that the company can pour into the research and development of
the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus
the developed system as well within the budget and this was
achieved because most of the technologies used are freely
available. Only the customised productshave to be purchased.

• Technical Feasibility
This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that
is,the technical requirements of the system. Any system
developed must not have a high demand on the available
 available technical resources. This will lead to high demands
being placed on the client. The developed system must have a
modest requirement, as only minimal or null changes for the
implementing this system.

• Operational Feasibility

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the

system by the user. This includes the process of training the
user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel
threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a
necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely
depends on the methods that are employed to educate theuser
about the system and to make him familiar with it. His level
of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make
some constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the
final user of the system.

• SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

HTML:
HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup
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HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language"language
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create web pages HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page".
HTML is written in the form of HTML elements HYPERLINK
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angle brackets HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_brackets"
(like <html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>,
although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example
<img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag
(they are also called opening tags and closing tags). Though not always
necessary, it is best practice toappend a slash to tags which are not paired with a
closing tag.
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compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display
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describes the structure of a website semantically HYPERLINK
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HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language"language.
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and objects HYPERLINK
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by denoting structural semantics HYPERLINK
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lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts HYPERLINK
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JavaScript HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript" which affect
the behavior of HTML web pages.

CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS):

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look and formatting HYPERLINK
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in a markup language HYPERLINK
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style web
pages HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page" and interfaces
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HTML HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML" and XHTML
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document, including plain XML, SVG HYPERLINK
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cornerstone specification of the web HYPERLINK
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sheets to describe their presentation.
CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from
document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts
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separationcan improve content accessibility HYPERLINK
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in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share
formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content .
CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for
different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read
out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile
devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently
depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the
author of a document typically links that document to a CSS file, readers can
use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their owncomputer, to override the
one the author has specified. However if the author or the reader did not link the
document to a specific style sheet the default style of the browser will be
applied.

• MySQL:

MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.

MySQL is a database system used on the web it runs on a server. MySQL is
ideal for both small and large applications. It is very fast, reliable, and easy to
use. It supports standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of
platforms.

The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of

related data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when
storing informationcategorically.

FEATURES OF MySQL:

Internals and portability:

• Written in C and C++.

• Tested with a broad range of different compilers.

• Works on many different platforms.

• Tested with Purify (a commercial memory leakage detector) as well as
with Valgrind, a GPL tool.
• Uses multi-layered server design with independent modules.

Security:
• A privilege and password system that is very flexible and secure, and that
enables host-based verification.

• Password security by encryption of all password traffic when you connect to a server.

Scalability and Limits:

• Support for large databases. We use MySQL Server with databases that
contain 50 million records. We also know of users who use MySQL Server
with 200,000 tablesand about 5,000,000,000 rows.

• Support for up to 64 indexes per table (32 before MySQL 4.1.2). Each
index may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns. The maximum
index width is 767 bytes for InnoDB tables, or 1000 for MyISAM; before
MySQL 4.1.2, the limit is 500 bytes. An index may use a prefix of a column
for CHAR HYPERLINK
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column types.

CONNECTIVITY:
Clients can connect to MySQL Server using several protocols:

• Clients can connect using TCP/IP sockets on any platform.

• On Windows systems in the NT family (NT, 2000, XP, 2003, or

Vista), clients can connect using named pipes if the server is started
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4.1 and higher, Windows servers also support shared-memory
connections if started with the --shared-
memory option. Clients can connect through shared memory by
using the --protocol=memory option.

• On UNIX systems, clients can connect using Unix domain socket files.

LOCALIZATION:
• The server can provide error messages to clients in many languages.
• All data is saved in the chosen character set.

CLIENTS AND TOOLS:

• MySQL includes several client and utility programs. These

include bothcommand-line programs such as mysqldump and
mysqladmin, and graphical programs such as MySQL
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kbench.
• MySQL Server has built-in support for SQL statements to check, optimize,
and repair tables. These statements are available from the
command line through the mysqlcheck client. MySQL also
includes myisamchk, a veryfast command-line utility for
performing these operations
on MyISAM tables.
• MySQL programs can be invoked with the --help or -? option
to obtainonline assistance.

WHY TO USE MySQL:

 • Leading open source RDBMS
• Ease of use – No frills
• Fast
• Robust
• Security
• Multiple OS support
• Free
• Technical support
• Support large database– up to 50 million rows, file size limit up to 8 Million TB

• PHP:

WHAT IS PHP?

• PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor"

• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

WHAT IS PHP FILE?

• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the
browser asplain HTML
• PHP files have extension ".php"

WHAT CAN PHP DO?

• PHP can generate dynamic page content

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
• PHP can collect form data
• PHP can send and receive cookies
• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
• PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website
• PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF
files, andeven Flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML
and XML.

WHY PHP?

• PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 • PHP supports a wide range of databases
• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

CHAPTER 4
SAMPLE
SCREENSHOTS
• LOGIN PAGE:
• The main façade

• DEPARTMENTS:
• ADDING NEW EMPLOYEE DOCTOR:

• Doctor module:
• Operation details:

• Create operation details:

• Bed allotment:

• Payment details:
• Birth report

• Operation Report: