3.

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than 1 point

the corresponding volume in animal cells. Which of the following is the MOST
CHECKPOINT 1 reasonable explanation for this observation? *
Answer 40 questions
Duration : 1 hour 20 minutes
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ALL THE BEST.
plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal
* Required cells.

plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than
animal cells.
1. “Water tends to stabilize ocean temperatures, creating a favorable environment for 1 point
marine life. "Which of the following is the significance of water that is related to the plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
statement.? * animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated.

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hydrogen bond must be broken to raise its temperature.

4. Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating 1 point
hydrogen bond must be formed to raise its temperature.
and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle
it is a poor insulator. must be involved in this condition? *
it has low density considering the size of the molecule
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endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus
2. The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What is the formula of maltose? * 1 point
lysosome
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mitochondria

C12H22O11

C12H24O12

C12H20O12 5. A sample of blood, added to a saline solution with a less negative water potential than 1 point

C12H22O12 the cell contents, results in a uniform red colour in the solution which is unaffected by
centrifugation. Which one of the following explains this result? *

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Haemoglobin has diffused through the erythrocyte membrane into the solution.

Water has entered erythrocytes by osmosis. As the cells are now less dense than the
solution, they will not sediment on centrifugation

Water has left the cells by osmosis, causing them to shrink and become too small to
sediment on centrifugation.

Water has entered the erythrocytes by osmosis, causing them to swell and burst and
the haemoglobin is released into the solution.
6. If 6 chromosomes are observed in a cell at anaphase II of meiosis, work out how many 1 point 8. The Brindled Beauty (Lycia hirtaria) is a moth whose colour is controlled by a single 1 point

chromosomes the cell would contained at metaphase I ? * gene with a pair of alleles. A homozygous brownish white individual was allowed to
breed with a heterozygous individual. Use the symbol C to represent the dominant
allele for black colour and c to represent the recessive allele for brownish white colour.
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Predict the genotype of the offspring. *
3
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6
CC, Cc
12
All Cc
18
Cc, cc

CC, Cc, cc

7. FIGURE 1 shows amount of DNA in a cell during cell division. The amount of DNA 1 point
within a cell changes following each of the following events: fertilization, DNA
synthesis, mitosis, and meiosis. Based on the diagram, which is best represented by the 9. In Drosophila melanogaster, the gene for long wings (L) and vermilion eyes (V) are 1 point
graph shown? * dominant over the genes for rudimentary wings and red eyes. Pure breeding strains of
the dominant and recessive flies were crossed. A test cross of the F1 generation
produced the following results: Determine the distance between genes controlling the
wing length and the eye colour. *

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0.03 cM

0.3 cM

30 cM
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3 cM
Mitosis because number of DNA in daughter cell is the same as in the parental DNA

Mitosis because number of DNA in daughter cell is the double at beginning of

stages

Meiosis because number of DNA in daughter cell is the haploid as in the parental
DNA

Meiosis because number of DNA in daughter cell is the diploid as in the parental
DNA
10. Mendel’s law of segregation, as applied to the behaviour of chromosomes in meiosis, 1 point 12. A _____________ seed(R) plant is crossed with a wrinkle seed(r) plant. The progenies are as 1 point

means that: * follows: Using the symbols in the key given above, determine the genotypes of the unknown
parent.
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Pairing of homologs will convert one allele into the other, leading to separation of
the types.

Alleles of a gene separate from each other when homologs separate in meiosis I,
or in meiosis II if there is a single crossover between the gene and the centromere.

Unlinked transmission of genes in crosses resulting from being located on

different chromsomes, or far apart on the same chromosome.

Alleles of a gene will be linked and passed on together through meiosis.

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RR

Rr
11. A gene showing codominance: * 1 point
rr
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RrTt
has both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote

has one allele dominant to the other

has alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome 13. In a population that is in genetic equilibrium for a single locus trait with two alleles, 1 point

has alleles expressed at the same time in development the frequency of recessive homozygous genotype is 0.09. Calculate the frequency of
heterozygotes? *

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0.42

0.70

0.18

0.91
14. Heterozygote advantage is a condition in which heterozygotes in a population are 1 point 17. Which of the following ova could explain the formation of a boy with genotype XXY 1 point

favoured by natural selection and have higher chances to survive. Predict how the if it fertilizes with sperms bearing the Y chromosome? *
value of 2pq would likely change if a population was undergoing heterozygote
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advantage. *
An egg containing an X and a Y chromosome
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An ovum produced by a mother with XO genotype
It would remain in equilibrium because the values of p and q would remain the
An ovum produced by non-disjunction of sex chromosome at meiosis I and meiosis
same.
II
It would remain in equilibrium because the value of 2pq would remain the same.
An ovum produced by non-disjunction of sex chromosome at meiosis I
It would not remain in equilibrium because the value of 2pq would likely increase.

It would not remain in equilibrium because the value of 2pq would likely decrease.

18. TABLE below shows the number of chromosomes in the parent species of the 1 point
cabbage Brassica oleracea and the carrot Raphanus sativus and also the resulting
15. The first two triplet codes on a gene is AGACGG. Which of the following mutation 1 point hybrids.Chromosomal mutation takes place during the *
causes the most harm to the organism? *

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AAACGG

AGAACGG

AGACCCCGG

AAGCGG

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16. During oogenesis, non-disjunction of sex chromosomes occurred. The ovum 1 point fusion of the parent’s gametes
produced was then fertilized by a normal Y chromosome bearing sperm. Which of formation of F1 gametes
the following of sex chromosome is a complement of the resulting zygote? *
fusion of F1 gametes

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XO

XY

XXY

XXXY
19. If a DNA sample could not be cut with EcoRI but could be cut with SmaI, how 1 point 21. FIGURE 2 shows the steps in construction of cDNA using molecule R.Identify the 1 point
would you explain this observation? * function of enzyme Y. *

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DNA sample has restriction site for both EcoRI and SmaI.

DNA sample has restriction site for EcoRI but not for SmaI.

DNA sample has restriction site for SmaI but not for EcoRI.

DNA sample has no restriction site for both EcoRI and SmaI.

20. Step P involves culturing bacteria in ampicillin and X-gal medium. The observable 1 point
colonies will appear in white and blue color. What is the purpose of step P? *

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To identify recombinant bacteria

To identify non disrupted lacZ bacteria

To identify bacteria containing plasmid

To identify bacteria without plasmid

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Catalysed the synthesis of single strand cDNA strand from mRNA

Catalysed the degrading of mRNA from mRNA-cDNA hybrid

Catalysed the synthesis of double strand cDNA

Catalysed the formation of phosphodiester bond between DNA strand

22. Based on FIGURE 2, distinguish the BEST feature of using molecule R as a template: 1 point 23. Why is it most suitable to used cDNA instead of DNA? * 1 point

*
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Bacteria do not undergo transcription process

Bacteria do not undergo translation process

Bacteria do not undergo splicing process

Spliceosome can only found in nucleus and cytoplasm

24. One of the tools in gene cloning is modifying enzyme. This enzyme (enzyme X) is 1 point

isolated from Thermus aquaticus bacteria. Having heat resistant properties, this
enzyme is used in PCR. Based on the information given determine the enzyme that
has the same function as enzyme X *

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Reverse transcriptase

Taq polymerase

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

25. In an angiosperm, how many microspore mother cells are required to produce 100 1 point
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pollen grains? *
Molecule R contain intron only Mark only one oval.
Molecule R contain both intron and exon
25
Molecule R is the most suitable molecule
50
Molecule R contain specific codes for protein
75

100
26. Stigma, style and ovary are components of female reproductive organ in flowering 1 point 29. FIGURE 3 below shows the human female reproductive system. * 1 point
plant. If the stigma is removed, which of the following will happen in plant? *

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Generative cell cannot undergo mitosis

Only single fertilization occurs

Pollen tube penetrate the embryo sac

Ovule will become seed and ovary will become fruit

27. Ovulation is the release of secondary oocyte from ovary into fallopian tube. What are 1 point
the events that take place in a non-pregnant woman after ovulation? *

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Corpus luteum degenerates, causing the levels of estrogen and progesterone to

decrease. The endometrium begins to degenerate as the progesterone level drops,
initiating the next menstrual cycle

Corpus luteum degenerates, causing the levels of estrogen and progesterone to

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increase. The endometrium begins to degenerate as the estrogen level
increases,initiating the next menstrual cycle
A
Corpus luteum degenerates, causing the levels of estrogen and progesterone to
B
increase. The endometrium begins to degenerate as the progesterone level increases,
initiating the next menstrual cycle C

Corpus luteum degenerates, causing the levels of estrogen and progesterone to D

decrease. The myometrium begins to degenerate as the progesterone level drops,
initiating the next menstrual cycle

30. The cortical reaction of human eggs is important in the * 1 point

28. Estrogen and progesterone are used in contraceptive pills for birth control method. 1 point Mark only one oval.
How these hormones affect female reproductive cycle? *
breakdown of the oocyte membrane to facilitate penetration by the sperm
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breakdown of the sperm membrane to release the enzyme of the Acrosome

Maintain the endometrium of the uterus fusion of the egg and sperm nuclei

Stimulate the release of luteizining hormone alteration of zona pellucida

Inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins by anterior pituitary

Stimulate the release of follicle stimulating hormone

31. Rosmah missed her period about three weeks ago and asks her physician for a 1 point 33. What occurs during protein denaturation by extremes of pH? * 1 point

pregnancy test. She is confirmed as pregnant if there is ________________ in her

urine. *

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follicle stimulating hormone Mark only one oval.

human chorionic gonadotropin I and II only

luteinizing hormone I and III only
estrogen II and III only

I, II and III

32. FIGURE 4 shows the growth curve for an insect. If a growth curve is plotted for the 1 point
same insect using dry mass as a measure of growth, what form of growth curve would
be produced? * 34. FIGURE 5 shows the longitudinal section of a part of phloem tissue. * 1 point

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Sigmoid growth curve

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Limited growth curve
I and II
Unlimited growth curve
I and III
Allometric growth curve
II and III

I,II and III

35. Some inheritances are deviate from Mendelian inheritance. Choose the correct 1 point 37. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 16% show the recessive trait. 1 point

explanations for the examples of the deviation. * What can be deduced from this situation? *

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I and II I and II only

I and III I and III only
II and III II and III only
I, II, and III I, II and III

36. The ABO blood type locus has been mapped on chromosome 9. A father who has type AB 1 point
blood and a mother who has type O blood have a child with trisomy 9 and type A blood. 38. In a gene cloning process, DNA ligase joins the target gene and the plasmid to produce a 1 point

Which of the following statement are correct? * recombinant DNA. Choose the CORRECT answer to describe what will happen if there is
inhibitor for DNA ligase in the process. *

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I and II only Mark only one oval.

I and III only I and II

II and III only I and III
I, II and III II and III

I,II and III

39. FIGURE 6 shows the steps involved in gene cloning. Choose the CORRECT statement to 1 point 40. FIGURE 7 shows a cell during a cell division. Explain why the cell in figure below is 1 point

describe an organism that is used in process O. * undergoing meiosis, not mitosis ? *

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I & II only
Mark only one oval. I & III only

I and II II & III only

I and III I, II & III

II and III

I, II and III

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