REAL TEST 9

AUGUST 2024_ VERSION 1_US

SECTION 1: MODULE 1- READING VS WRITING

Question 1.

The following text is from Kenneth Grahame’s 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows. The Mole is
returning home after a visit to Mr. Badger’s house.

As he hurried along, eagerly anticipating the moment when he would be at home again among
the things he knew and liked, the Mole saw clearly that he was an animal of tilled field and
hedge-row, linked to the ploughed furrow, the frequented pasture, the lane of evening lingerings,
the cultivated garden-plot.

As used in the text, what does the word “anticipating” most nearly mean?

A. managing

B. getting ahead of

C. revealing

D. looking forward to

Question 2.

British painter Peter Edwards is known for his portraits of notable figures in different fields,
from poet Seamus Heaney to casting director Ruth Lambert. These works are widely praised,
meaning that Edwards receives substantial ____ as an artist.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. guidance

B. acclaim

C. sympathy

D. tolerance
Question 3.

Farmhouse Interior, painted in the realist style by Jan Hendrik Weissenbruch, depicts a peasant
woman knitting at a table while a cat sits underneath. The realists’ emphasis on accurately
portraying the experiences of average working people was largely a rejection of the romantic
style evident in many paintings by Martin Drolling, which instead ____ their subjects’ beauty or
heroism while hiding all imperfection.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. accentuate

B. counteract

C. rectify

D. obscure

Question 4.

One way to evaluate the importance of a scholar’s research is to ___________ other scholars’
references to that research. For example, a count of other scholars’ citations shows that Boston
University economist Marianne Baxter, who studies international finance, is referenced
frequently, indicating that her work has been significant in the field.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. constrain

B. dispute

C. tally

D. predict

Question 5.

Gus Edwards's remarkable first play The Offering was produced in 1977 by the groundbreaking
Negro Ensemble Company (NEC). NEC cofounder Douglas Turner Ward, who worked as an
actor, director, and playwright, had met actor and producer Robert Hooks while they were
performing in a 1960 touring production of Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun.
Together, they envisioned a theater company that would nurture and showcase the work of Black
theater professionals. Since NEC’s founding in 1967, its workshops and performances have
given Black playwrights, including Edwards, a forum for their compelling stories.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

A. It argues against the claim made earlier in the text.

B. It provides additional information about a person discussed in the text.

C. It compares the achievements of two people discussed later in the text.

D. It illustrates the importance of an organization mentioned in the text.

Question 6.

When people think of dinosaurs with leathers, they typically think of winged dinosaurs, such as
the bat like Yi qi. However, many dinosaurs that didn't have wings also had feathers on their
bodies. For instance, research indicates that the wingless, peacock-sized Caudipteryx likely had
feathers.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

A. It gives an example of a dinosaur with the characteristics mentioned earlier in the

sentence.

B. It states the main argument about dinosaurs presented in the text.

C. It contrasts the two dinosaurs discussed in the text.

D. It describes features of the feathers of the dinosaurs mentioned earlier in the sentence.

Question 7.

Like all species of baleen whales, the humpback whale feeds on tiny creatures known as krill by
filtering water through bristlelike keratin structures called baleen plates. In this way, baleen
whales can eat up to 30 percent of their total mass per day. And while no one would call the
humpback whale small—it can have a mass as high as 30,000 kg—it is one of the smaller baleen
whales and is much smaller than the fin whale, which can weigh a whopping 80,000 kg and
consume as much as 24,000 kg of krill per day.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A. It details a relationship between humpback and fin whales and krill and then discusses an
unexpected consequence of a change in baleen whale populations

B. It discusses a unique feature of the humpback whale and how the lack of that feature in
the fin whale explains differences in the two species' behavior.

C. It describes a characteristic shared by all baleen whales and then illustrates a difference
between the humpback whale and the fin whale that is relevant to that characteristic.

D. It draws a distinction between the sizes of the humpback whale and the fin whale and
then presents a feature that they have in common.

Question 8.

Text 1

When the 50-second-long film Arrival of the Train—which depicts what its title says, a train
pulling into a station—was first shown publicly in 1896, spectators, naive to the new medium of
film and seeing a train appearing to come directly at them, leaped from their seats and fled the
room. This moment marks a major cultural shift: a new way of representing and seeing the world
had arrived with that train, and nothing would ever be the same.

Text 2

The fact that there is no contemporary evidence that the first audience of Arrival of the Train was
alarmed has not stopped the story from becoming canonical, even among film historians. But that
phenomenon itself is highly revealing. Our belief that the coming of film was transformative is
so strong that we invented and keep retelling a founding myth that divides cultural history into a
(naive) “before” and (sophisticated) “after.”

Based on the texts, the author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about
the description of the first showing of Arrival of the Train in Text 1?
 A. It is not based on evidence and reflects film historians’ belief that they are more
sophisticated than today's audiences.

B. It expresses a view about the transformative nature of film that film historians tend to
regard as naive.

C. It is more motivated by a perception of the significance of the invention of film than by

facts.

D. It reflects a misconception that is widely believed because it captures early film

audiences’ sense that the new medium was alarming.

Question 9.

Researchers César A. Hidalgo, Elisa Castañer, and Andres Sevtsuk created a computer model to
predict the mix of businesses and places of interest found in a given neighborhood. The team
used data from the Google Places API service to help identify hotels, supermarkets, and other
businesses and map their locations. This approach has some limits—data from Places API tend
to be restricted to places that are customer- facing—but the data set nonetheless provides an
extremely reliable source to study colocation patterns of neighborhood amenities.

According to the text, what is one potential drawback of Hidalgo and colleagues’ method?

A. It is based on recent advancements from other fields that have yet to be applied outside of
those contexts.

B. It depends upon data that are likely to be outdated.

C. It may lead to conclusions that are not reflective of all the amenities in a given
neighborhood.

D. It is likely to contribute to inaccurate identifications of the boundaries of specific

neighborhoods.

Question 10.
A student is collecting data about countries with volcanoes that have been active in the time
since 1800 and in the time since 1960. The student records that Nicaragua has ____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the statement?

A. no volcanoes that have been active since 1800.

B. the same number of volcanoes that have been active since 1800 as Tanzania has.
C. more volcanoes that have been active since 1960 than Tanzania has.
D. fewer volcanoes that have been active since 1960 than Tanzania has.

Question 11.

Poems is an 1895 collection of poetry by Frances EW. Harper. In one of Harper’s poems, the
speaker criticizes activists who champion humanitarian causes in other countries while
overlooking local concerns, saying, ______

Which quotation from Poems most effectively illustrates the claim?

 A. “God bless our native land, / Her homes and children bless, / Uh may she ever stand / For
truth and righteousness.” (from “God Bless Our Native Land")

B. "Say not the age is hard and cold— / I think it brave and grand; / When men of diverse
sects and creeds / Are clasping hand in hand.” (from "The Present Age")

C. “Men may tread down the poor and lowly, / May crush them in anger and hate / But
surely the mills of God’s justice / Will grind out the grist of their fate." (from “An Appeal
to My Countrywomen”)

D. “When ye plead for the wrecked and fallen, / The exile from far-distant shores, /
Remember that men are still wasting / Life's crimson around your own doors/’ (from “An
Appeal to My Countrywomen”)

Question 12.

“A Pair of Silk Stockings” is an 1897 short story written by Kate Chopin. In the story Mrs.
Sommers becomes engrossed in the decision of how she should spend a recently obtained sum of
money.

Which quotation from “A Pair of Silk Stockings” most effectively illustrates the claim?

A. “Little Mrs. Sommers one day found herself the unexpected possessor of fifteen dollars.”

B. “It seemed to her a very large amount of money and the way in which it stuffed and
bulged her worn old porte-monnaie (small purse) gave her a feeling of importance such
as she had not enjoyed for years.”

C. "Mrs. Sommers was one who knew the value of bargains; who could stand for hours
making her way inch by inch toward the desired object that was selling below cost”

D. "The question of investment was one that occupied her greatly. For a day or two she
walked about apparently in a dreamy state, but really absorbed in speculation and
calculation.

Question 13.

Over 600 languages are spoken in New York City in addition to English - one can find Bengali
spoken in the neighborhood of Parkchester, or Fujianese in Sunset Park. Most speakers of
Chinese languages reside in the neighborhood of Flushing (part of New York City's borough of
Queens) and in Chinatown, in the borough of Manhattan. New immigrants from north China,
where Mandarin is the primary first language, tend to settle in Queens, while new immigrants
from south China, where many people speak Cantonese or Fuzhounese as a first language, tend
to settle in Manhattan. It can therefore be inferred that _____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. correlations in a country between languages and regions where they are spoken can
replicate themselves in a new country in which the original country’s citizens emigrate.

B. there is a positive correlation between the physical size of a country and the number of
languages spoken in that country.

C. languages tend to change more rapidly in areas where many languages are spoken than in
areas where few languages are spoken.

D. languages spoken by immigrant peoples can differ significantly in vocabulary and

pronunciation from those same languages in their country of origin.

Question 14.

Population and Area Data for Four Cities in 2018

City Country UN estimate Reported Reported Metropolitan

city proper metropolitan area (square
kilometers)

Bangkok Thailand 10,156,000 5,782,000 16,255,990 7,762

Toronto Canada 6,082,000 2,731,571 5,928,040 5,906

Huston United States 6,155,000 2,325,502 6,997,384 21,395

Bogota Colombia 10,574,000 7,963,000 12,545,272 5,934

Population figures for a city can vary significantly depending on what areas are included in the
count. Often, governments will report a value for the city proper (including only residents within
the city limits) and another for the larger metropolitan area (including residents from nearby
places beyond the city limits). Citing the data in the table, a journalist claims the population
estimates from the United Nations (UN) most likely included people outside the cities proper.
Which choice best describes data in the table that support the journalist‘s claim?

A. The UN estimated Bogota’s population to be at 10,574,000, which is significantly larger

than the reported population for the city proper
B. The metropolitan area of Bangkok is significantly larger than 1,569 square kilometers.
C. The reported city proper population of Bogota be significantly larger than the reported
city proper population of Houston.
D. All the city proper areas are below 3,000 square kilometers

Question 15

The 1958 poem “The Ghost's Leavetaking” by American author Sylvia Plath _____ the first use
of the word “dreamscape.”

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. having contained
B. to contain
C. containing
D. contains

Question 16.

The Seljuk Empire, which reigned in central Asia from around 1037 CE to 1194 CE, benefited
from trade with other societies: its merchants exported cotton, silk, and fruit and _____ other
valuable commodities, such as gold, silver, and agate, which were then traded locally.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. importing

B. having imported

C. to import

D. imported
Question 17.

Sofia, with a population of roughly 1.3 million people, _______ home to an impressive 15
percent of Bulgaria’s total population.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. is
B. are
C. are being
D. have been

Question 18.

Churchrock Chapter, which covers 58,000 acres, is one of the 110 chapters of the Navajo
_______ Dine bizaad (the Navajo language), the chapter is called Kin Litsoh Sinili.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Nation, in
B. Nation. In
C. Nation in
D. Nation and in

Question 19.

For the past 20 million years, Earth’s magnetic poles in the far north and far south have remained
roughly where they are today. This has not always been the ____ throughout geologic history,
Earth’s magnetic poles have swapped places several times through a process called polar
wandering.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the convention Standard English?

A. case, though;
B. case, though
C. case, though,
D. case; though,

Question 20.
The 1970 founding of the Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida and the 1946 Mender v.
Westminster court decision are important events in US civil rights _______ former establishing a
Latino rights advocacy group and the legally affirming the rights of Latino students.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. history the
B. history. The
C. history, the
D. history, and the

Question 21.

In “Things That Have Lost Their Power," one of the many lists in Sei Shonagon’s Pillow Book,
the author bemoans boats run aground, toppled trees, and defeated wrestlers. Such ___ paint a
detailed picture of tenth-century Japanese courtly life.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. lists, conveyed sharply yet simply

B. lists, conveyed sharply yet simply,
C. lists conveyed sharply, yet simply,
D. lists conveyed, sharply yet simply,

Question 22.

In 2005, notoriously shy American singer-songwriter Ray LaMontagne saw his life change with
the success of his hit single “Trouble”. That year, he performed more than thirty live sets,
including at Avalon in Los Angeles, United States, and Théatre Outremont in Montreal, Canada;
________ he'd performed fewer than a dozen times in 2004.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. similarly,
B. on the other hand,
C. additionally,
D. often,
Question 23.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Thomas Edison is regarded as one of the most important inventors in US history.

● Having received little formal schooling, Edison relied on specialist employees at his

various laboratories and offices to complete the technical work for many of his inventions

● Reginald Fessenden was an electronic communications specialist who worked at the

Edison Machine Works manufacturing company.

● He is best known for pioneering radio technology that led to the first transmission of

speech by radio.

● Frank J, Sprague was a naval officer who worked at the Menlo Park laboratory.

● He is best known for being the father of electric traction.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to introduce
Reginald Fessenden and what he is known for?

A. Reginald Fessenden, an electronic communications specialist, worked at the Edison

Machine Works manufacturing company.
B. Reginald Fessenden, an electronic communications specialist and former employee of
Thomas Edison, is known for pioneering radio technology that led to the first
transmission of speech by radio.
C. Having received little formal education, Thomas Edison depended on specialized
employees, including Reginald Fessenden and Frank J. Sprague, for many of his
inventions.
D. Thomas Edison’s historic success would not have been possible without naval officer
Frank J. Sprague, who is known for being the father of electric traction.

Question 24.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

 • Hina Hanta is an online archive curated by the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.
• It features images of cultural artifacts relevant to the history of the Choctaw people.
• It features clothing, including a shawl (anchi in Choctaw) made from cloth.
• The shawl was made in 1881.
• Hina Ranta features household items, including a mug (isht ishko) made from clay
• The mug was made in 1915.

The student wants to make a generalization about the Hina Hanta archive. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Included in the Hina Hants online archive is a cloth shawl.

B. The Choctaw name for the cloth shawl is anchi
C. Not all artifacts in the Hina Hanta archive are from the 1800s.
D. The clay mug (isht ishko) was made in 1915.

Question 25.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a ten-point scale that orders minerals by hardness
based, on their ability to scratch other minerals.
• Minerals with larger numbers are harder than minerals with smaller numbers and can
leave visible scratches on them.
• Minerals with smaller numbers are softer than minerals with larger numbers and cannot
leave visible scratches on them.
• The mineral calcite has a Mohs scale number of 3.
• The mineral orthoclase has a Mohs scale number of 6.
• The mineral topaz has a Mohs scale number of 8.

The student wants to compare the hardness of the three minerals. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Based on their Mohs scale numbers, topaz (8) is harder than orthoclase (6), and
orthoclase is harder than calcite (3).
 B. Topaz can leave visible scratches on calcite, which is why topaz has a higher number
than calcite on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness.
C. Any mineral with a Mohs number of 8, like topaz, can scratch a mineral with a Mohs
number of 6, like orthoclase.
D. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness can be used to order orthoclase, calcite and topaz by
their ability to scratch other minerals.

Question 26.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Fafnir is the nickname of a dinosaur fossil specimen from the Late Cretaceous period.
• The Late Cretaceous period ended more than 65 million years ago.
• Fafnir is a member of the genus Triceratops.
• Fafnir is on display at the Science Museum of Minnesota.
• The Science Museum of Minnesota is in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

The student wants to specify Fafnir's location. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Saint Paul, Minnesota, is home to the Science Museum of Minnesota, which displays a
dinosaur fossil specimen from the Lace Cretaceous period
B. Fafnir is the nickname of a dinosaur fossil specimen belonging to the genus Triceratops
C. Fafnir is on display at the Science Museum of Minnesota in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
D. Fafnir lived in the Late Cretaceous period, which ended more than 65 million years ago.

Question 27.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Onomatopoeias are words that imitate the sounds they represent.

• Words that represent the same sound are often written and pronounced very differently
from language to language.
• This variation is due in part to differences in how the languages are structured.
• “Kok-sss" is a Tagalog onomatopoeia that represents the sound of snoring.
• "Khò" is a Vietnamse onomatopoeia that represents the sound of snoring.
The student wants to contrast two words that represent the same sound. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. The Tagalog word "kok-sss" and the Vietnamse word "khò" are onomatopoeias that
represent the sound of snoring.
B. Onomatopoeias, words that imitate the sounds they represent, are often written and
pronounced very differently from language to language.
C. Though they both represent the sound of snoring, the onomatopoeias "kok-sss" (Tagalog)
and "khò" (Vietnamse) are written and pronounced very differently.
D. The Tagalog word "kok-sss," which represents the sound of snoring, is an onomatopoeia
SECTION 1- MODULE 2: READING AND WRITING

Question 1.

Becoming a member of the organization Indigenous Photograph has helped Sara Aliaga Ticona
(Aymara) to ______ her work with an audience beyond Bolivia, where she’s from. The
organization’s database of members is used by photography editors and others in the media
industry around the world.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. share
B. split
C. challenge
D. examine

Question 2.

Since the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into space in 1990, astronauts have needed to
complete regular missions to repair the telescope and keep it working smoothly. Researchers
hope that robots will soon be able to make these repairs. Employing robots instead of humans to
make repairs will be helpful, as ____ astronauts to maintain the telescope can be expensive.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. straightening
B. relying on
C. reducing
D. forgetting about

Question 3.
In 1776, the United States sent Benjamin Franklin to France to try to win the country's support in
the United States’ fight for independence from Great Britain, Franklin was very popular in
France. This _____________ surely helped him to convince France to assist the United States.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. controvesy
B. sincerity
C. esteem
D. thoughtfulness

Question 4.

The creation of Lotte Reiniger’s 1926 animated film The Adventures of Prince Achmed was
________ process. Over the course of three years, Reiniger and her collaborators painstakingly
made more than 250,000 individual images of hand-cut paper silhouettes and repeatedly had to
invent entirely new methods and tools to create the special effects Reiniger envisioned.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. a haphazard
B. a contentious
C. an ineffectual
D. an arduous

Question 5.

There are many famous examples of election pollsters making inaccurate predictions in
presidential elections. But neuroscientist and election pollster Sam Wang has said that these
prediction failures should not lead campaigns to ______ election polling entirely. Polling is
about more than just predicting the winner; throughout campaigns, it helps strategists identify
where their efforts are most likely to be effective.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

A. distort
B. neglect
 C. enact
D. supplement

Question 6.

In 2011 Brynn M. Devine and colleagues published a study concluding that ocean acidification
has a strong effect on the behavior of Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus, a species of fish. However,
Devine and colleagues’ study relied on a mean sample size of only about 25 fish. In a 2022
review of various scientists' conclusions about the impacts of ocean acidification on fish
behaviοr, Timothy D. Clark and colleagues caution that relying on such a relatively small sample
size can increase the potential for biased analysis. Such analysis, in turn, can contribute to reports
of exaggerated effects

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the test?

A. It presents the result of a study, then raises a potential concern related to that result.
B. It describes a characteristic of a fish species, then explains why that characteristic is
noteworthy.
C. It states a similarity between two scientific studies, then notes a difference between them.
D. It summarizes a problem that scientists are investigating, then provides a possible
solution to that problem.

Question 7.

There are over 150 species of the cactus genus Mammillaria throughout the Americas, but their
survival can be threatened by high precipitation and dense vegetation that blocks sunlight.
Researchers have located species from the genus in almost every state in Mexico, with several of
them, like M knippeliana, restricted to only one state. The fact that this genus which has not been
observed in eastern and western Coahuila has been attributed to a lack of appropriate habitat, but
much of the landscape in this area is notoriously inaccessible, which suggests that ______

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. M. knippeliana may have been overlooked in eastern and western Coahuila because of
its similarity to another species.
 B. the current methods of collecting and tracking Mammillaria species throughout Mexico
may cause an overestimation of the number of species in this genus.
C. the perceived absence of Mammillaria in eastern and western Coahuila maybe due to
insufficient exploration of the region.
D. the dense vegetation and high annual precipitation levels in eastern and western Coahuila
impede the ability of Mammillaria species to survive.

Question 8.

Optimal foraging theory (OFT) holds that animals’ foraging behaviors reflect cost-benefit trade-
offs that vary by species and with dynamic ecological circumstances. One such circumstance is
lunar intensity, which Nathan Upham and John Hafner found to be negatively associated with
foraging by desert kangaroo rats but Eduardo Fernandez-Duque and colleagues found to be
positively associated with foraging by Azara's night monkeys. This discrepancy is explicable in
terms of OFT: the monkeys' greater reliance on vision means that higher lunar intensity benefits
them more than it benefits the kangaroo rats.

According to the text, the difference between Upham and Hafner’s findings and Fernandez-
Duque and colleagues’ findings can be attributed to which difference between desert
kangaroo rats and Azara’s night monkeys?

A. The kangaroo rats decrease their foraging activity as lunar intensity increases, whereas
the monkeys increase their foraging activity
B. The kangaroo rats are more vulnerable to predators than the monkeys are
C. The kangaroo rats are less reliant on vision than the monkeys are
D. The kangaroo rats encounter different levels of lunar intensity than the monkeys do

Question 9.

Florence Este and Lily Everett were among the 300 artists who exhibited at the 1913 Armory
Show, a groundbreaking New York City art exhibition that introduced modernism to American
audiences. Though shocking at the time, an abstract cubist painting exhibited by Marcel
Duchamp—one of several works that received scorn from critics - _____ the Western art canon
more than a century later.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. were entering
B. enter
C. has entered
D. have entered

Question 10.

Increasing the heat on an uncovered boiling pot of water does not increase the temperature of the
water. What increases is the rate at which the water turns to ______ a pressure cooker pot,
though, an airtight seal traps the vapor in the pot, creating pressure that allows the temperature of
the water to increase past its boiling point

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. vapor. With
B. vapor and with
C. vapor, with
D. vapor with

Question 11.

Paintings by the renowned twentieth-century US ______ were featured in Artist to Artist, an

exhibition at the Smithsonian Art Museum that paired the works of artists whose career
trajectories intersected in meaningful ways.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. artists Thomas Hart Benton, and Jackson Pollack,

B. artists: Thomas Hart Benton and Jackson Pollack,
C. artists Thomas Hart Benton and Jackson Pollack
D. artists, Thomas Hart Benton and Jackson Pollack

Question 12.

The Landon Array, an offshore wind farm located off the coast of England, produces about 630
megawatts (MW) of electricity per year. ____ England’s Hornsea Project One offshore wind
farm, which generates the most power of any single offshore farm, produces 1,218 MW of
electricity.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,
B. That is,
C. By comparison,
D. For instance,

Question 13.

Like many other genera of wild bees, bumblebees have in recent decades experienced population
collapse caused by, among other factors, habitat destruction and climate variation. Bumblebees
are also one of the most researched bee genera, second only to honeybees. As a result, ecologists
have gained much of their insight about wild-bee declines from bumblebees. In a 2021 paper,
zoologist Guillaume Ghisbain notes that bumblebees are among the relatively few wild-bee
genera that display social behaviors and dietary generalism (ability to obtain nectar and pollen
from a diversity of plant species), two traits that are associated with increased resilience to some
specific environmental changes. Ghisbain therefore contends that _____

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A. although bumblebees have been more extensively studied than most wild bees,
researchers should not use bumblebees to draw conclusions about the decline of other
wild bees, even ones with feeding patterns and levels of sociability that are similar to
those of bumblebees
B. because bumblebees and other bees with generalist diets are less negatively affected by
environmental stress than bees with specialized diets are, they are less likely to
experience major population changes in the future than bees with specialized diets are.
C. because the responses of bumblebees and other wild bees to environmental threats are not
always comparable, researchers need to exercise caution when extrapolating information
about wild-bee population declines from bumblebees
D. Other answer
Question 14.

In 1971, Mexican chemist Mario Molina and US chemist F. Sherwood Rowland discovered that
chemicals called CFCs were harmful to the ozone layer. Their research was extremely influential
in the fight against CFCs. _____it laid the foundation for a 1987 treaty that phased out the use of
CFCs across the globe.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Specifically,
B. Regardless,
C. Earlier,
D. However,

Question 15.

Generally, sleek vehicles are more aerodynamic than bulkier ones. The streamlined nose of the
Airbus A320 jet, _____ helps it glide through wind with relative ease, while a boxy pickup truck
encounters more wind resistance, making it less aerodynamic.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. for example,
B. additionally,
C. meanwhile,
D. however,

Question 16.

Writer Silvia Moreno-Garcia's love of short fiction began when she read a collection of Edgar
Allan Poe stories as a child and she would develop into a prolific short among writer herself,
publishing pieces like “The Axolotl”(2013) and “Maquech” (2008),. Yet she's best known as a
novelist, in part due to her ____ Gothic (2020) earning a spot on the New York Times Best
Sellers list.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. novel Mexican
 B. novel (Mexican
C. novel, Mexican
D. novel: Mexican

Question 17.

Within Earth's biomes, there are four main types of desert: arid, semiarid, coastal, and cold. The
Ferlo Desert in Africa is an arid______ it is one of the largest such deserts in the world, with a
total area of about 70,000 km².

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. desert, for example,

B. desert; for example,
C. desert, for example;
D. desert, for example

Question 18.

Interest in mechanotransduction, the mechanism by which cells sense and convert mechanical
stimuli into biochemical signals, is expanding because of innovative work by biomedical
scientists—many of whom, like neuroscience and biophysics expert Elba Serrano, ______this
mechanism to better understand how the body's neurological and biomechanical systems interact.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. study
B. has studied
C. studies
D. is studying

Question 19.

Today, the Michelin Guide is widely known as the arbiter of fine dining, but when it was created
in 1900, it was little more than a marketing gimmick; brothers Andre and Edouard Michelin
sought to increase profits for their tire company by encouraging their customers to drive across
France, visiting the guide's recommended hotels and restaurants along the way. Nevertheless, the
guide soon grew in scope and ______ its modest French eateries were replaced with some of the
most esteemed restaurants from around the world, including La Yeon in Seoul and Sushi Shikon
in Hong Kong,

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. influence
B. influence, and
C. influence,
D. influence and

Question 20.

Integrating insights from economics and psychology, researchers in the field of behavioral
economics explore a variety of topics. Lucia Macchia of the University of Oxford studies
socioeconomic _______ other researchers investigate areas such as organizational behavior and
personal finance.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. inequality, for instance;

B. inequality; for instance,
C. inequality, for instance,
D. inequality for instance;

Question 21.

William Kittredge’s short essay on “krummholz," a word referring to twisted and stunted trees
growing near the tree line, is included in the collection Home Ground: A Guide to the American
Landscape. The book wasn't written solely by _______ other authors, such as Linda Hogan and
Barry Lopez, also contributed essays.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. Kittredge, however;
B. Kittredge; however,
C. Kittredge. However,
 D. Kittredge, however,

Question 22.

With their distinctive cone shapes and steeply sloping sides, the volcanoes Kuchinoshima
(Japan) and Tantalus (Hawaii) may look similar from afar. Gari Mayberry and other
volcanologists, ______ can tell by how each was formed that Kuchinoshima is a cinder cone
volcano, while Fisher is a composite volcano.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. for example,
B. in addition,
C. therefore,
D. though,

Question 23.

In a 2022 analysis, researchers investigated how negative adjectives like "ashamed” evolve.
______ the researchers applied a statistical model to a set of words to infer the rate of cognate
replacement - the rate at which a word will be replaced over time with a noncognate - form in
Indo-European languages

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Specifically,
B. Therefore,
C. Thus,
D. Granted,

Question 24.

The title of " Of the Inequality amongst Us," an essay by French philosopher Michel de
Montaigne, suggests a straightforward topic. However, Montaigne’s expansive, curious mind
meant that he never limited himself to one subject. _____ the essay is not just a discussion of
moderation but a broad exploration of Montaigne's entire worldview.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
 A. Lastly,
B. That said,
C. Predictably,
D. Additionally,

Question 25.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Tlaxcoapan is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.

● Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing many public services

to their residents

● One service they provide is water treatment.

● Tlaxcoapan covers an area of roughly 42 km2

● Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities

The student wants to emphasize the size of Tlaxcoapan. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Providing water treatment is just one example of the public services that municipalities
provide.
B. The municipality of Tlaxcoapan in Hidalgo, Mexico, covers an area of roughly 42 km2
C. Tlaxcoapan is one of 84 governmental regions, known as municipalities, across Hidalgo.
D. Tlaxcoapan - a governmental region in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico provides many
public services to its residents.

Question 26.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Springtails are a group of noninsect hexapods (six-legged animals).

 • Researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina-Sanchez, Felipe N. Soto Adames. and Grizelle
Gonzalez conducted a study to determine how many springtail species are present in
Puerto Rico.
• They found a total of 146 springtail species.
• They found 1 springtail species belonging to the genus Hemisotoma
• They found 3 springtail species belonging to the genus Sphaeridia.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to present the study
and its findings?

A. In Puerto Rico, the genus Hemisotoma contains one springtail species, and the genus
Sphaeridia contains three springtail species.
B. According to a study by researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina Sanchez, Felipe N, Soto
Adames, and Grizelle Gonzalez, there are 146 springtail species present in Puerto Rico,
including one from the genus Hemisotoma and three from the genus Sphaeridia.
C. Researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina-Sanchez, Felipe N. Soto Adames, and Grizelle
Gonzalez studied springtails in Puerto Rico, and they wanted to know how many species
there are in the genus Hemisotoma and the genus Sphaeridia.
D. There are 146 species of springtail (noninsect hexapods) in Puerto Rico, but there are
more species from genus Sphaeridia than from the genus Hemisotoma

Question 27.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A merchant vessel is any ship hired to carry cargo or passengers.

• Common merchant vessels include bulk carriers, cruise liners, and oil tankers.
• A vessel s carrying capacity is also known as its deadweight tonnage (DWT).
• In 2021, there were a total of 1,236 merchant vessels registered in Greece.
• The combined DWT of these vessels was 64.9 million tons.

The student wants to explain what a merchant vessel is and provide examples. Which choice
most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A. There were a total of 1.236 ships hired to carry cargo or passengers registered in Greece
in 2021.
B. The carrying capacity of bulk carriers, cruise liners, and oil Eankers is measured in
deadweight tonnage.
C. A merchant vessel is any ship hired to carry cargo or passengers —like bulk carriers,
cruise liners, and oil tankers.
D. In total, Greece’s 1,236 merchant vessels had a carrying capacity of 64.9 million tons in
2021.