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Manual - Elements of Electrical Engineering 1

MSBTE 312315 Manual - Elements of Electrical Engineering 1

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

339 views97 pages

Manual - Elements of Electrical Engineering 1

MSBTE 312315 Manual - Elements of Electrical Engineering 1

Uploaded by

vishwajeet

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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SCHEME : K

LABORATORY MANUAL FOR

ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(312315)

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING GROUP

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
(Autonomous) (ISO 9001: 2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
VISION
To ensure that the Diploma level Technical Education constantly matches the latest requirements of
Technology and industry and includes the all-round personal development of students including social
concerns and to become globally competitive, technology led organization.

MISSION

To provide high quality technical and managerial manpower, information and consultancy services to the
industry and community to enable the industry and community to face the challenging technological &
environmental challenges.

QUALITY POLICY

We, at MSBTE are committed to offer the best in class academic services to the students and institutes to
enhance the delight of industry and society. This will be achieved through continual improvement in
management practices adopted in the process of curriculum design, development, implementation,
evaluation and monitoring system along with adequate faculty development programmes.

CORE VALUES

MSBTE believes in the following:

 Education industry produces live products.

 Market requirements do not wait for curriculum changes.

 Question paper is the reflector of academic standards of educational organization.

 Well designed curriculum needs effective implementation too.

 Competency based curriculum is the backbone of need based program.

 Technical skills do need support of life skills.

 Best teachers are the national assets.

 Effective teaching learning process is impossible without learning resources.

A Laboratory Manual For

ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(312315)
Semester – II
(AO/ DE/ EJ/ ET/ EX/ IC/ IE/ IS/ MU/ TE)

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO 9001:2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO 9001:2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
4th Floor, Government Polytechnic Building, 49, Kherwadi, Bandra
(East), Mumbai- 400051.
MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. /Ms.………………………………………….
Roll No. …………………………….of Second Semester of Diploma
in …..…………………………..……………………………of Institute
…….……………………………………………………………………
(Code : ………) has completed the term work satisfactorily in course
Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315) for the academic year
20…….to 20…….. as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: …………….. Enrollment No: ……………….

Date: ………………. Exam Seat No: …………………

Subject Teacher Head of department Principal

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Preface
The primary focus of any engineering laboratory/field work in the technical education system is to
develop the much needed industry relevant competencies and skills. With this in view, MSBTE embarked
on this innovative 'K' Scheme curricula for engineering diploma programmes with outcome-based
education as the focus and accordingly, relatively large amount of time is allotted for the practical work.
This displays the great importance of laboratory work making each teacher, instructor and student to
realize that every minute of the laboratory time need to be effectively utilized to develop these outcomes,
rather than doing other mundane activities. Therefore, for the successful implementation of this outcome-
based curriculum, every practical has been designed to serve as a 'vehicle' to develop this industry
identified competency in every student. The practical skills are difficult to develop through "chalk and
duster" activity in the classroom situation. Accordingly, the „K‟ scheme laboratory manual development
team designed the practicals to focus on the outcomes, rather than the traditional age old practice of
conducting practicals to 'verify the theory" (which may become a byproduct along the way).
This laboratory manual is designed to help all stakeholders, especially the students, teachers and
instructors to develop in the student the pre-determined outcomes. It is expected from each student that at
least a day in advance, they have to thoroughly read through the concerned practical procedure that they
will do the next day and understand the minimum theoretical background associated with the practical.
Every practical in this manual begins by identifying the competency, industry relevant skills, course
outcomes and practical outcomes which serve key focal point for doing the practical. The students will
then become aware about the skills they will achieve through procedure shown there and necessary
precautions to be taken, which will help them to apply in solving real-world problems in their professional
life.
This manual also provides guidelines to teachers and instructors to effectively facilitate student-
centered lab activities through each practical exercise by arranging and managing necessary resources in
order that the students follow the procedures and precautions systematically ensuring the achievement of
outcomes in the students.
This course deals with the basic fundamentals of electrical engineering and working principles of
commonly used AC and DC motors and their characteristics. The basic concepts of electrical engineering
in this course will be very useful for understanding electrical circuits.
Although best possible care has been taken to check for errors (if any) in this laboratory manual,
perfection may elude us as this is the first edition of this manual. Any errors and suggestions for
improvement are solicited and highly welcome.

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Program Outcomes (POs)

 PO 1. Basic and Discipline specific knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, sciences
and engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization to solve the engineering problems.
 PO 2. Problem analysis: Identify and analyze well-defined engineering problems using codified
standard methods.
 PO 3. Design/ development of solutions: Design solutions for well-defined technical problems and
assist with the design of system components or processes to meet specified needs.
 PO 4. Engineering tools, Experimentation and Testing: Apply modern engineering tools and
appropriate technique to conduct standard tests and measurements.
 PO 5. Engineering practices for society, sustainability and environment: Apply appropriate
technology in context of society, sustainability, environment and ethical practices.
 PO 6. Project Management: Use engineering management principles individually, as a team member
or a leader to manage projects and effectively communicate about well-defined engineering activities.
 PO 7. Life-long learning: Ability to analyse individual needs and engage in updating in the context of
technological changes.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

 PSO 1. Electronics and Telecommunication Systems: Maintain various types of Electronics and
Telecommunication systems.
 PSO 2. EDA Tools Usage: Use EDA tools to develop simple Electronics and Telecommunication
engineering related circuits.

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

 PEO 1. Provide socially responsible, environment friendly solutions to Electronics and

Telecommunication engineering related broad-based problems adapting professional ethics.
 PEO 2. Adapt state-of-the-art Electronics and Telecommunication engineering broad-based
technologies to work in multi-disciplinary work environments.
 PEO 3. Solve broad-based problems individually and as a team member communicating effectively
in the world of work.

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

List of Industry Relevant Skills

The following industry relevant skills of the competency “Use electrical equipment in industrial
applications.” are expected to be developed in you by undertaking the practicals of this laboratory manual.

1. Interpret the magnetic field parameters for the particular magnetic circuits.
2. Analyze A.C. circuits for single phase and polyphase supply.
3. Select the transformer and DC motor for the given application.
4. Select the fractional horse power motor for the given application.
5. Choose the protective devices for the electrical protection.

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Brief Guidelines to Teachers.

1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the students with all
features.
2. Teacher shall explain prior concepts to the students before starting of each experiment
3. Involve students in performance of each experiment.
4. Teacher should ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in. the students
after the completion of the practical exercise.
5. Teachers should give opportunity to students for hands on experience after the demonstration.
6. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the students.
7. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though not covered in
the manual but are expected the students by the industry.
8. Finally give practical assignment and assess the performance of students based on task assigned to
check whether it is as per the instructions.

Instructions for Students

1. Listen carefully the lecture given by teacher about subject, curriculum, learning structure, skills to
be developed.
2. Organize the work in the group and make record all programs.
3. Students shall develop maintenance skill as expected by industries.
4. Student shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and gain confidence.
5. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. those included in
scope of manual.
6. Student shall refer technical magazines.
7. Student should develop habit to submit the practicals on date and time.
8. Student should well prepare while submitting write-up of exercise.
9. Attach/paste separate papers wherever necessary.

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Practical Course Outcome matrix

COURSE LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES (COS)
CO1 - Interpret the magnetic field parameters for the particular magnetic circuits.
CO2 - Analyze A.C. circuits for single phase and polyphase supply.
CO3 - Select the transformer and DC motor for the given application.
CO4 - Select the fractional horse power motor for the given application.
CO5 - Choose the protective devices for the electrical protection.
Sr. Title of the Practical CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
No.
1. Demonstration of Faraday's law of electro-magnetic
induction for statically and dynamically induced emf. - - - -

2. Demonstration of Mutually induced EMF by using single-

phase transformers. - - - -

3. Measure frequency, Time period, Peak value, RMS value

of sinusoidal AC waveform using CRO. - - - -

4. Observe the phase difference between voltage and current

on CRO for resistive, inductive, and capacitive load and
comment on the nature of the power factor (Lagging, - - - -
Leading, and Unity).
5. Connect three phase star connected balanced load and
verify the relationship between line voltage and phase - - - -
voltage, line current and phase current.
6. Connect three phase delta connected balanced load and
verify the relationship between line voltage and phase - - - -
voltage, line current and phase current.
7. Determine the transformation ratio current ratio of single
phase transformer. - - - -

8. Demonstration of working of pulse transformer by

observing input pulse and output pulse of pulse - - - -
transformer on CRO.
9. Identify different types of DC motor by observing
terminal connections and also identify different parts of - - - -
DC motor.
10. Start any DC motor using corresponding starter and
observe speed on tachometer. - - - -

11. Start single phase induction motor and reverse the

direction of rotation of it. - - - -

12. Start universal motor and reverse the direction of rotation

of it. - - - -

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

13. Identify different parts of linear induction motor and start

it. - - - -

14. Identify different types of fuses and circuit breakers. State

their specification for suitable application. - - - -

15. Testing of earthing using a test lamp and comment on it. - - - -

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Content Page
List of Practical’s and Progressive Assessment Sheet

Sr. Title of the Practical Page Date of Date of Assessment Dated Remarks
No. no. Performance Submission sign. of ( If any)
Marks (25)
Teacher

1. Demonstration of Faraday's
law of electro-magnetic 1
induction for statically and
dynamically induced emf.
2. Demonstration of Mutually
induced EMF by using single- 7
phase transformers.
3. Measure frequency, Time
period, Peak value, RMS value 13
of sinusoidal AC waveform
using CRO.
4. Observe the phase difference
between voltage and current
on CRO for resistive,
inductive, and capacitive load 19
and comment on the nature of
the power factor (Lagging,
Leading, Unity).
5. Connect three phase star
connected balanced load and
verify the relationship between 25
line voltage and phase voltage,
line current and phase current.
6. Connect three phase delta
connected balanced load and
verify the relationship between 31
line voltage and phase voltage,
line current and phase current.
7. Determine the transformation
ratio current ratio of single 37
phase transformer.
8. Demonstration of working of
pulse transformer by
observing input pulse and 42
output pulse of pulse
transformer on CRO.

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9. Identify different types of DC

motor by observing terminal 47
connections and also identify
different parts of DC motor.
10. Start any DC motor using
corresponding starter and 52
observe speed on tachometer.
11. Start single phase induction
motor and reverse the 57
direction of rotation of it.
12. Start universal motor and
reverse the direction of 63
rotation of it.
13. Identify different parts of
linear induction motor and 67
start it.
14. Identify different types of
fuses and circuit breakers. 73
State their specification for
suitable application.
15. Testing of earthing using a test 78
lamp and comment on it.

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Practical No. 1: Demonstration of Faraday's law of electro-magnetic induction for statically and
dynamically induced emf
I Practical Significance:
In industries measurements of static and dynamic emf with utmost accuracy and precision is a prime
requirement. Such kind of measurements are possible using measuring instruments like voltmeter,
ammeter etc. In this practical we use voltmeter, ammeter to measure the static induced emf.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Interpret the magnetic field parameters for the particular magnetic circuits.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO 1 Use Faraday's law of electro-magnetic induction.
LLO 2 Classify types of induced emf.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background (With diagrams if required)

Faraday’s first law: when the flux linking the conductor or coil changes an emf is induced in it.
Faraday’s second law: the magnitude of induced emf in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of
change of flux linkages.
Flux linkages: the product of number of turns (N) of the coil and magnetic flux (Φ) linking the coil is
called flux linkages
Flux linkages = N* Φ

Induced emf 𝖺 N𝒅∅

𝒅𝒕

Where
N= no. of turns on coil
𝒅∅ = rate of change of flux linkages
𝒅𝒕

Statically induced emf: the emf generated due to the conductors or coil remain stationary and the flux
linking these conductor is changed is called statically induced emf

Statically induced emf divided as self-induced emf and mutually induced emf.

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Dynamically induced emf: The emf generated due to motion of the conductor in stationary magnetic
field or by the motion of the magnetic field and the conductor is stationary is called as dynamically
induced emf.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
S. No.
1 Bar magnet Bar magnet of known polarity 1 No.

2 Galvanometer Suitable range 1 No.

3 Inductive coil Any suitable coil having large number of turns 1 No.

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Don‟t touch wire with wet hands.

X Procedure
1. Connect two ends of the coil to the Galvanometer.
2. Take a bar magnet of known polarity.
3. Move the bar magnet in the coil as per the sequence given in observation table.
4. Observe the deflection of Galvanometer.

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XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
S. No.
1

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

S.N. Movement of Bar Magnet Movement of the Deflection of Galvanometer connected

Magnet across coil
Forward / Reverse Less/ More
1 Towards the coil Slow
2 Towards the coil Fast
3 Away from the coil Slow
4 Away from the coil Fast

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Observation table for dynamically induced emf

S.N. Position of the Magnet Movement of the Deflection of Galvanometer

Magnet
Forward / Reverse Less/ More
1 N- Pole towards the coil Slow
2 N- Pole towards the coil Fast
3 S- Pole towards the coil Slow
4 S- Pole towards the coil Fast

XIV Result(s)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XV Interpretation of results
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. Define magnetic flux.
2. Define flux linkages.
3. State Faraday‟s laws of electromagnetic induction.
4. State Lenz‟s law.
5. State Fleming‟s Right Hand Rule
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

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XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process Related : 15 Marks 60 %
1 Handling of the components 10%
2 Identification of components 20%
3 Measuring value using suitable instrument 20%
4 Working in teams 10%
Product Related: 10 Marks 40%
5 Calculated theoretical values of given component 10%
6 Interpretation of result 05%
7 Conclusions 05%
8 Practical related questions 15%
9 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total ( 25 Marks) 100 %

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 2: Demonstration of Mutually induced EMF by using single-phase transformers.

I Practical Significance:
In industries measurements of mutually induced emf with utmost accuracy and precision is a prime
requirement. Such kind of measurements are possible using measuring instruments like voltmeter,
ammeter etc. In this practical we use voltmeter, ammeter to measure the mutually induced emf.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Interpret the magnetic field parameters for the particular magnetic circuits.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Use Faraday's law of electro-magnetic induction.
LLO Observe mutual induced emf in transformer
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background (With diagrams if required)

Where
N= no. of turns on coil
𝒅∅ = rate of change of flux linkages
𝒅𝒕

Statically induced emf: the emf generated due to the conductors or coil remain stationary and the flux
linking these conductor is changed is called statically induced emf
Statically induced emf divided as self-induced emf and mutually induced emf.

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Self induced emf: The emf induced in a coil due to the change of its own flux linked with it is called as
self induced emf.

Mutually induced emf: the emf induced in a coil due to the changing current in the neighboring coil is
called mutually induced emf.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Voltmeter 0-300 V AC 1

2 Voltmeter 0-1500 V AC 1

3 Single phase 1 kVA 230/115 V single phase transformer 1

Transformer
4 Single phase 1 kVA, 0-270V, 10Amp 1
autotransformer

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Don‟t touch wire with wet hands.

X Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2. By using autotransformer apply voltage to the primary winding of the transformer.
3. Observe the readings of primary winding and secondary winding.

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3
4
5

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XII Actual Procedure followed:

Sr. No. Primary Voltage (Vp) Secondary Voltage (Vs)

1
2
3

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 3: Measure frequency, Time period, Peak value, RMS value of sinusoidal AC
waveform using CRO.
I Practical Significance:
An alternating ac waveform is one that varies in both magnitude and direction in more or less an even
manner with respect to time. An AC function can mathematically represent either a power source or a
single source with the shape of an AC waveform
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
Use single phase AC supply for Electrical and electronic equipments
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Analyze A.C. circuits for single phase and polyphase supply.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO 1 Use cathode ray oscilloscope.
LLO 2 Identify different parameters on CRO.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
Waveform: The shape of the curve obtained by plotting the instantaneous values of voltage or current as
ordinate against time is called its waveform.

Time period (T): The time taken in seconds to complete one cycle of an alternating quantity is called its
time period. It is generally represented by T. Unit of time period is seconds.
𝟏
𝑻=
𝒇
Frequency (F): The number of cycles that occur in one second is called the frequency (f) of the
alternating quantity.
𝟏
𝑭=
𝑻
Amplitude. The maximum value (positive or negative) attained by an alternating quantity is called its
amplitude or peak value. The amplitude of an alternating voltage or current is designated by Vm or Im
respectively.

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Average Value: The average value of a alternating quantity is equal to the average of all its instantaneous
values over a period of time.
𝑽𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟕 ∗ 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙
Peak Value: It is the maximum value attained by an alternating quantity. The peak or maximum value of
an alternating voltage or current is represented by Vm or Im.

R.M.S Value: The effective or R.M.S. value of an alternating current is that steady current (d.c.) which
when flowing through a given resistance for a given time produces the same amount of heat as produced
by the alternating current when flowing through the same resistance for the same time.
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 ∗ 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 CRO with probe 10 Hz- 30 MHz 1 No.

2 Function Generator 0.1 Hz – 11 MHz 1 No.

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

IX Precautions to be followed:
Connect the function generator output to the CRO‟s channel using CRO probe properly.

X Procedure
1. Connect the function generator output to the CRO‟s channel using CRO probe.
2. Adjust the volt per division and time per division of CRO such that the waveform of the
current or voltage can be observed properly.
3. Adjust the peak to peak value of voltage
4. Measure and note down the time period and peak value of sine wave
5. Switch of the supply

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

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Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Calculations:
1. Time period of ac waveform (T)= ………..division X ………. Time per division =
…………………. Seconds
2. Peak value of ac waveform= ………….. division X ………...... volt per division = ………………
volts
3. R.M.S. value of ac waveform = Peak value X 0.707= ................. Volts
4. Average value of ac waveform = Peak value X 0.637= ................ Volts

XIV Results:
1. Time period .............................. seconds
2. Peak value ............................... volts
3. R.M.S. value .............................. volts
4. Average value........................... volts
XV Interpretation of results
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
Define waveform, instantaneous value, cycle, amplitude, time period, frequency, angular frequency,
R.M.S. value, average value, peak value
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 16

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 17

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 18

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 4: Observe the phase difference between voltage and current on CRO for resistive,
inductive, and capacitive load and comment on the nature of the power factor (Lagging, Leading,
and Unity).

I Practical Significance:
Phase difference between voltage and current in a circuit depends on parameters of the circuit. Based on
this, circuit has lagging, leading or unity power factor.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Analyze A.C. circuits for single phase and polyphase supply.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Identify phase angle and phase difference of given quantities.
LLO Identify the nature of power factor for the respective circuit.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
The phase difference or phase shift as it is also called of a sinusoidal waveform is the angle Φ (Greek
letter Phi), in degrees or radians that the waveform has shifted from a certain reference point along the
horizontal zero axis. In other words phase shift is the lateral difference between two or more waveform
along a common axis and sinusoidal waveforms of the same frequency can have a phase difference.
The phase difference Φ of an alternating waveform can vary between 0 to its maximum timer period T of
the waveform during one complete cycle and this can be anywhere along the horizontal axis between Φ =
0 to 2𝜋 or Φ = 0 to 360° depending upon the angular units used.
Then the equation for the instantaneous value of a sinusoidal current and voltage waveform
pure resistive circuits are 𝒊 = 𝑰𝒎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑚𝒕 and 𝒗 = 𝑽𝒎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑚𝒕
for pure inductive circuit are 𝒗 = 𝑽𝒎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑚𝒕 and 𝒊 = 𝑰𝒎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑚𝒕 − 𝟗𝟎)
for pure capacitive circuit 𝒗 = 𝑽𝒎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑚𝒕 and 𝒊 = 𝑰𝒎 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑚𝒕 + 𝟗𝟎)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 19

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Rheostat Suitable Rheostat 1

2 Inductor Suitable Inductor 1

3 Capacitor Suitable Capacitor 1

4 Voltmeter Suitable Voltmeter 1

5 Ammeter Suitable Ammeter 1

6 CRO With 2 attenuator probes 1

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 20

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Check the power supply before connection.
3. Connect ammeter in series.
4. Connect voltmeter in parallel.
5. Do not give high voltage to CRO.
X Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
2. Connect the CRO for observing current and voltage waveform.
3. Repeat step 2 for different input voltages.
4. Plot the waveform.

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

XII Actual Procedure followed:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 21

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIII Observations and calculations

Sr. Supply voltage (V1) Voltage across Voltage across Inductor (V3) Current (I)
No. Resistance (V2) OR
Voltage across Capacitor (V3)
1
2
3

XIV Results:
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XV Interpretation of results:
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. Give current, voltage relation in R, L, C element.
2. Draw phasor diagram showing relation between V1, V2 and V3.
3. Obtain phase different between supply voltage and current for setup given.
4. Calculate power factor of the circuit.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 22

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 23

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 24

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 5: Connect three phase star connected balanced load and verify the relationship
between line voltage and phase voltage, line current and phase current.
I Practical Significance:
In practice, large power application like Transformer, Transmission line etc. use three phase systems. In a
three phase circuit loads can be connected in balanced star and delta mode. Practical will help the students
to acquire necessary skills.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Three-phase power is commonly used in factories and manufacturing plants to power large equipment
such as compressors, pumps, conveyors, and motors, often use three-phase power to run large fans and
pumps It is necessary to formulate voltage and current relations for system parameters for testing ,
calculations and interpretations.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Analyze A.C. circuits for single phase and polyphase supply.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO 1 Connect star connected three phase load.
LLO 2 Verify relationship between line and phase quantities.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background (With diagrams if required)
In the Star Connection, the similar ends (either start or finish) of the three windings are connected to a
common point called star or neutral point. The three-line conductors run from the remaining three free
terminals called line conductors.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 25

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

In star connection line voltage is root 3 times of phase voltage.

The same current flows through phase winding as well as in the line conductor as it is connected in series
with the phase winding.

Star connection is preferred for long distance power transmission because it is having the neutral point. In
this we need to come to the concept of balanced and unbalanced current in power system. When equal
current will flow through all the three phases, then it is called as balanced current.
Usually, Star Connection is used in both transmission and distribution networks (with either single phase
supply or three – phase. Delta Connection is generally used in distribution networks. Since insulation
required is less, Star Connection can be used for long distances.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 26

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Three Phase Variac Suitable Three phase variac 1 No.

2 Three Phase load Suitable range 1 No.

3 A.C. Ammeter Suitable A.C. ammeter 2 No.

4 A.C. voltmeter Suitable A.C. Voltmeter 2 No.

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Don‟t touch wire with wet hands.
3. Ensure the output voltage of the Autotransformer should be zero.

X Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Confirm all the meters should be at zero position.
3. Set the rheostat at maximum position.
4. Set the autotransformer output voltage zero.
5. Switch ON the supply.
6. Record the reading of ammeters, voltmeters.
7. Take different readings at different input voltages.

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3
4

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 27

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

XIII Observation and Calculation table .

Sr. No. Line Voltage Phase Line current Phase Ratio Ratio
(volts) Voltage (Amp) Current VL/Vph IL/Iph
(Volts) (Amp)

XIV Result(s)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XV Interpretation of results
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 28

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)

1. Define balanced load.
2. State the application of star connection.
3. What will be the value of neutral current for three phase star connected balanced load?
4. State the methods to measure power in three phase circuit.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 29

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

4. www.electrical4u.com
5. www.howstuffworks.com
6. www.electricaltechnology.org

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 30

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 6: Connect three phase Delta connected balanced load and verify the relationship
between line voltage and phase voltage, line current and phase current.
I Practical Significance:
In practice, large power application like Transformer, Transmission line etc. use three phase systems. In a
three phase circuit loads can be connected in balanced star and delta mode. Practical will help the students
to acquire necessary skills.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Three-phase power is commonly used in factories and manufacturing plants to power large equipment
such as compressors, pumps, conveyors, and motors, often use three-phase power to run large fans and
pumps It is necessary to formulate voltage and current relations for system parameters for testing,
calculations and interpretations.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Analyze A.C. circuits for single phase and polyphase supply.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO 1 Connect Delta connected three phase load.
LLO 2 Verify relationship between line and phase quantities.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background (With diagrams if required)
The delta in a three-phase system is formed by connecting one end of the winding to the starting end of
other winding and the connections are continued to form a closed loop. The star in the three-phase system
is formed by connecting one end of all three impedances are connected together.
In Delta (Δ) or Mesh connection, the finished terminal of one winding is connected to start terminal of
the other phase and so on which gives a closed circuit. The three-line conductors are run from the three
junctions of the mesh called Line Conductors.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 31

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

To obtain the delta connections, a2 is connected with b1, b2 is connected with c1 and c2 is connected with
a1 as shown in the above figure. The three conductors R, Y and B are running from the three junctions
known as Line Conductors.
The current flowing through each phase is called Phase Current (Iph), and the current flowing through
each line conductor is called Line Current (IL).
The voltage across each phase is called Phase Voltage (Eph), and the voltage across two line conductors is
called Line Voltage (EL).
Relation between Phase Voltage and Line Voltage in Delta Connection

In delta connection, line voltage is equal to phase voltage.

Relation between Phase Current and Line Current in Delta Connection

In delta connection line current is root three times of phase current.

In a Delta Connection, the Line and Phase Voltages are same and hence, more insulation is required for
individual phases. Usually, Star Connection is used in both transmission and distribution networks (with
either single phase supply or three – phase. Delta Connection is generally used in distribution networks

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 32

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Three Phase balanced network are used in the power industry for the reason of economy and performance.
Three phase generators and motors run smoothly, with no torque pulsation, unlike single phase machine.
In addition balanced three phase system may be operated as three or four wire systems, which much less
copper needed for the power delivered as compared with three single phase systems.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Three Phase Variac Suitable Three phase variac 1 No.

2 Three Phase load Suitable range 1 No.

3 A.C. Ammeter Suitable A.C. ammeter 2 No.

4 A.C. voltmeter Suitable A.C. Voltmeter 2 No.

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Don‟t touch wire with wet hands.
3. Ensure the output voltage of the Autotransformer should be zero.
X Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Confirm all the meters should be at zero position.
3. Set the rheostat at maximum position.
5. Set the autotransformer output voltage zero.
6. Switch ON the supply.
7. Record the reading of ammeters, voltmeters .
8. Take different readings at different input voltages.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 33

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

XIII Observation and Calculation table:

Sr. No. Line Voltage Phase Line current Phase Ratio Ratio
(volts) Voltage (amp) Current VL/Vph IL/Iph
(volts) (amp)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 34

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIV Result(s)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XV Interpretation of results
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. Define balanced load and unbalanced load.
2. State the application of Delta connection.
3. What are the advantage of three phase system over single phase system?
4. Compare Star and delta connection.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 35

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 36

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 7: Determine the transformation ratio current ratio of single phase transformer.

I Practical Significance:
A single phase Transformer is used for changing voltage levels in electronic circuits. Mostly electronic
devices/ circuits are energized with DC supply. To lower the voltage level of AC supply voltage
transformer is used and this lowered AC voltage level further rectified to DC supply. Voltage ratio of a
transformer decides increasing or decreasing voltage level.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
Determine voltage and current ratio of single phase transformer.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the transformer and DC motor for the given application
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Calculate transformation ratio of transformer.
LLO Connect transformer to given load.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
Voltage ratio: The voltage ratio of a transformer is equal to the ratio of primary voltage and secondary
voltage
𝑉𝑝
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝑉𝑠
Where
Vp = Primary voltage
Vs = secondary voltage

Current ratio: The current ratio of a transformer is equal to the ratio of primary current and secondary
current
𝐼𝑝
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 =
𝐼𝑠
Where
Ip = primary current Is = secondary current

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 37

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Ammeter 0-10 A AC 2

2 Voltmeter 0-300 V AC 2

3 Single phase Transformer 1 kVA 230/115 V single phase transformer 1

4 Resistive load Single phase 230V, 15 A Resistive load 1

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Check the power supply before connection.

X Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
2. Switch on power supply.
3. Note down reading of ammeter and voltmeter.
4. Calculate current and voltage ratio

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 38

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed:

Sr. Primary Secondary Primary Secondary Voltage Ratio Current Ratio =

No. Voltage (Vp) Voltage (Vs) Current (Ip) Current (Is) = (Vp/Vs) (Ip/Is)

1
2
3
4

XIV Results:
Voltage Ratio is ………………… and current ratio is ......................... for given transformer
XV Interpretation of results:
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 39

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVI Conclusion and recommendation

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. Define transformer.
2. Define voltage ratio.
3. Define current ratio.
4. Define transformation ratio.
5. State EMF equation of single phase transformer.
6. Define step up and step down transformer.
7. Give applications of step up and step down transformer.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 40

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 41

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 8: Demonstration of working of pulse transformer by observing input pulse and
output pulse of pulse transformer on CRO.
I Practical Significance:
Pulse transformers can be divide into two major types, power type and signal type. The power type pulse
transformer applications include precise control of heating elements fed from fixed DC source for
temperature control. The signal type pulse transformer delivers a pulse like signal or a series of pulses.
The turns ratio of the pulse transformer can be used to adjust signal amplitude and provide impedance
matching between the source and load. Pulse transformers are often used in the transmittal of signal data
and in the gate drive circuitry of transistors, FETs, SCRs etc. Pulse transformer is a very essential and
widely used device for low power circuits, high power switched mode power supplies and gate signal
generation. Signal type of pulse transformers handle relatively low levels of power. The pulse
transformers are usually operated at high frequencies.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use Pulse Transformer to test its operation.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the Transformer and DC motor for the given application.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Identify pin configuration of pulse transformer.
LLO Check electrical isolation between input and output of pulse transformer.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
Pulse transformers are a diverse family of transformers designed to transfer a digital control signal from a
control circuit to a load. They provide galvanic isolation to a circuit, whilst allowing fast control signals to
be transmitted without distorting the signal shape. The input and output signal is typically a rectangular
wave of a few volts with a frequency above 100kHz, not a sinusoidal wave as with conventional
transformers. Pulse transformers have a low member of windings and low inter winding capacitance. As
they operated with high frequency signals, the core material must be able to cope with repeated and rapid
magnetization and demagnetization. The turn‟s ratio is typically 1:1 as their main purpose is not to
increase or transform the voltage, but to maintain it across the isolation barrier.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 42

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Pulse transformer of suitable Input voltage and frequency of relevant 1
rating rating. 1 vpp signal at 1kHz

2 CRO 10 Hz- 30 MHz 1

3 Function generator 0.1 Hz – 11 MHz 1

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Follow safety practices.
2. Do not make any connections with the power supply is ON.

X Procedure
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Energies primary pins 1 & 3 at relevant suitable voltage and frequency say 1kHz, 100mV.
3. Observe the waveform at the secondary pin 4 & 6.
4. Measure the input and output voltage and check for turns ratio

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 43

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XII Actual Procedure followed:

XIII Observations:

Sr. Input voltage(volt) Output voltage (volt) Nature of input Nature of output
No. waveform waveform
1
2
3
4

XIV Results:
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XV Interpretation of results:
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation:
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 44

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)

1. Why the pulse transformer has less number of turns and low inter winding capacitance.
2. Compare between conventional transformer and pulse transformer.
3. List applications of pulse transformer.
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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 45

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total

Related (15) Related (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 46

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 9: Identify different types of DC motor by observing terminal connections and also
identify different parts of DC motor.

I Practical Significance:
In industry it is require to dismantle machines for overhauling purpose and reassemble. Also it is
necessary to identify different types of DC motor by observing terminal connections. Through this
practical student identifies motor by observing terminal connections also student identifies different parts
and their functions.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
Identify parts and types of DC motor and select DC motor for particular applications.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the transformer and DC motor for the given application
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Identify different parts DC motor.
LLO Identify different types of DC motor.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
 When DC machine converts electrical energy into mechanical energy machine operates as DC
motor.
 Principle of operation: When current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
experienced a force.
 Constructional features of dc machine.
 Functions of different parts of DC machine.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 47

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 DC motor 3 HP 220V, DC 1

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Make sure that the main switch on the panel board is in „OFF‟ position and DC machine is
disconnected from the supply.
2. The motor is mechanically disconnected form the load.

X Procedure
1. Remove the mechanical load of motor.
2. Observe the external parts such as frame, eye bolt and foundation plate etc.
3. Remove end covers.
4. Observe the various internal parts and their shapes, positions and material used.
5. Note the material used for each part.
6. Write down in brief function of each part.
7. Reassemble the motor by putting back the end cover in original place.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 48

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

Sr. No.
1
2

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

Sr. No. Name of the part Material used Function of the part

1 Yoke

2 Eyebolt

3 Frame

4 Armature

5 Armature winding

6 Pole

7 Pole shoe

8 Field winding

9 Commutator

10 Brushes

11 Brush holder

12 Bearing

13 Shaft

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 49

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Observe the terminal connections of given DC motor and state the type of the DC motor
Type of DC motor = ……………………………………….

XIV Results:
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XV Interpretation of results:
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation:
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. State working principle of DC motor.
2. State Fleming‟s left hand rule.
3. State types of DC motors.
4. Write applications of different types of DC motors.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 50

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org
XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Product Total (25)

Related (15) Related (10)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 51

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 10: Start any DC motor using corresponding starter and observe speed on tachometer.
I Practical Significance:
DC shunt motor draws very high current during starting which may burn armature winding. Hence to
protect DC shunt motor from damage due to heavy starting current, Three point starter is used to start DC
shunt motor.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use electrical equipment eﬃciently for different electronic engineering application.
Select and connect DC motor to DC supply using particular starter for different applications.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the transformer and DC motor for the given application.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Connect DC motor to DC supply.
LLO Select particular starter for particular motor starting.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
 3 point starter is a device whose main function is starting of DC shunt motor. The 3 point starter
connects the resistance in series with the circuit which reduces the high starting current and hence
protect DC Shunt motor from damage. For DC series motor 2 point starter is used.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 52

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 DC motor 3 HP 220V, DC 1

2 DC supply 220V DC 20 Amp 1

3 Three point starter Suitable for 3 HP DC shunt motor 1

4 Tachometer Suitable range around 0 to 5000 rpm 1

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Connect the three point starter with DC shunt motor properly.

X Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Switch on DC supply.
3. Move the handle of 3 point starter from Start to Run position gradually.
4. Observe the starting of DC shunt motor.
5. By using tachometer measure the speed of the DC shunt motor

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 53

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
2
3

XII Actual Procedure followed:

XIII Observations:
Sr. No. Speed of DC shunt motor in RPM
1
2

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 54

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVI Conclusion and recommendation

XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)

1. State types of starters used for DC motors.
2. Starter is necessary for starting of DC motors.
3. Write the functions of different parts of three point starter.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 55

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Related Product Related Total

(15) (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 56

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 11: Start single phase induction motor and reverse the direction of rotation of it.
I Practical Significance:
Single phase induction motor is necessary in some industrial process applications. Stator of Single phase
Induction motor consist of Main winding & starting winding placed at 90° electrically apart to produce
rotating magnetic field. For this capacitor is connected in series with starting winding along with
centrifugal switch.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use FHP motors for diversified applications. Reverse the direction of rotation of single phase induction
motor.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the fractional horse power motor for the given application.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Connect single phase induction motor to the supply.
LLO Change the direction of rotation of single phase induction.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background

 In single phase induction motor main winding is designed for low resistance & starting winding for
high resistance. Phase difference in both winding is produced by connecting capacitor in series
with starting winding. Direction of rotation of single phase induction motor depends upon the
instantaneous polarities of main winding flux & starting winding flux. So direction of rotation can
be changed by reversing the polarity of either main or starting winding as shown in figure.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 57

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

Diagram for forward direction of rotation

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 58

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Diagram for reversing direction of rotation:

(Students can draw the circuit diagram; write meter ranges & specifications of equipments)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

Sr.
No.
1 Single phase induction motor 1/2 HP single phase 230V 1

2 Ammeter 0-5 A, AC 1

3 Voltmeter 0-300 V AC 1

4 Autotransformer Single phase 0-270V, 10A 1

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Make sure that main switch is in OFF position while making connection
2. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.

X Procedure
1. Connect circuit as per circuit diagram
2. Switch ON the supply
3. Start the motor and check the direction of rotation
4. Change starting winding terminals and check the direction of rotation.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 59

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 60

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)

1. State different types of single phase induction motors.
2. Differentiate between main winding & starting winding.
3. State the type of capacitors used in 1 phase induction motor.
4. Give the applications of various types of 1 phase induction motor.
5. State the function of centrifugal switch.
6. „1 phase induction motor is not self-starting.‟- Justify
7. „Main winding resistance is low & starting winding resistance is high. „Give reason
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 61

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Related Product Related Total

(15) (10)
(25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 62

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 12: Start universal motor and reverse the direction of rotation of it.
I Practical Significance:
Reversal of rotation of Universal motor plays an important role in electrical and electronic engineering for
different medical instrumentation applications.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Use universal motor for different applications. Reverser the direction of rotation of universal motor.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the fractional horse power motor for the given application.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Connect the universal motor to the supply.
LLO Change the direction of rotation of universal motor.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
Universal motor can be operated on AC and DC supply. It consists of armature, armature winding, field
winding, armature winding and field winding are connected in series with each other since this is basically
a series motor.
The direction of rotation of a universal motor can be changed by either: (i) Reversing the field connection
with respect to those of armature; or (ii) By using two field windings wound on the core in opposite
directions so that the one connected in series with armature gives clockwise rotation, while the other in
series with the armature gives counterclockwise rotation.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 63

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

S. No. Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

1 Universal motor Suitable rating 1

2 Supply AC or DC Suitable supply 1

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Check the power supply before connection.
X Procedure
1. Connect universal motor to AC/DC supply.
2. Mark the rotation of motor.
3. Change the armature winding terminal.
4. Mark the rotation of motor.

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity
S. No.
1
2

XII Actual Procedure Followed:

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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 64

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XIII Observations:
Sr. Winding connection Direction of rotation
No.
1 Normal
2 Reversed
XIV Results:
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XV Interpretation of results:
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. State working of universal motor.
2. State main parts of State different types of single phase induction motors.
3. Give applications of universal motor.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 65

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.howstuffworks.com
3. www.electricaltechnology.org
XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Related Product Related Total

(15) (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 66

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 13: Identify different parts of linear induction motor and start it.
I Practical Significance:
Identification and use of different parts of Linear Induction Motor by observing terminal connections
plays important role in engineering. Also Identification of different parts of Linear Induction motor with
their functions and material used.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
In Industry Linear Induction motor is used to drive conveyors, sliding doors, machine tools etc. To
develop the skills for the industry in application of linear induction motor and identify different parts of
linear induction motor.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Select the fractional horse power motor for the given application.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Connect the linear induction motor to the supply.
LLO Observe linear motion of induction motor.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
What is Linear Induction Motor
A Linear Induction Motor (or LIM) is a special type of induction motor used to achieve rectilinear motion
rather than rotational motion as in the case of conventional motors. Linear induction motors are quite an
engineering marvel, to convert a general motor for a special purpose with more or less similar working
principle, thus enhancing its versatility of operation. Let us first look into the construction of a linear
induction motor.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 67

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

The basic design and construction of a linear induction motor is similar to a three phase induction motor,
although it does not look like a conventional induction motor. If we cut the stator of a polyphase induction
motor and lay on a flat surface, it forms the primary of the linear induction motor system. Similarly, after
cutting the rotor of the induction motor and making it flat, we get the secondary of the system.

Application of Linear Induction Motor

A linear induction motor is not that widespread compared to a conventional motor, taking its economic
aspects and versatility of usage into consideration. But there are quite a few instances where the LIM is
indeed necessary for some specialized operations.
Few of such applications are listed below.
1. Automatic sliding doors in electric trains.
2. Mechanical handling equipment, such as propulsion of a train of tubs along a certain route.
3. Metallic conveyor belts.
4. Pumping of liquid metal, material handling in cranes, etc.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 68

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Linear induction Motor Suitable range 1 No.

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Follow safety Practices.
2. Avoid loose connections.
3. DO NOT make any connections with the power supply ON.
X Procedure
1. Observe the different parts of Linear Induction Motor.
2. View the external and internal parts of motor.
3. Note the material of each part of motor.
4. Write down in brief the function of each part after observation.
5. Start the linear induction motor smoothly.

XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1

XII Actual procedure Followed:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 69

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIII Observation (Use blank sheet, If space is not sufficient )

Sr. No. Name of the Part Material Used Function

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

XIV Result(s)
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XV Interpretation of results
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XVI Conclusion and recommendation
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XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. List the different types of Fractional horse power motors.
2. State the application Linear Induction Motor.
3. Write specification of any one linear Induction motor.
4. State Working principle of Linear Induction motor.
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 70

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

7. www.electrical4u.com
8. www.howstuffworks.com
9. www.electricaltechnology.org

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 71

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Related Product Related Total

(15) (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 72

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 14: Identify different types of fuses and circuit breakers. State their specification for
suitable application.
I Practical Significance:
Identification of switchgears plays an important role in electrical and electronic engineering because
without these components such as relays, solenoids, inductors, chokes, coils, loudspeakers, motors,
generators, transformers and electricity meters etc. would not work.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
Identify and use relevant protective devices / switchgear for different requirements.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Choose the protective devices for the electrical protection.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Select fuse for particular application.
LLO Select circuit breaker for particular application..
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background
Switches, fuses, switch fuse and fuse switch units, MCB, MCCB and ELCB are the switchgears used for
safety of electrical equipment.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 73

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1 Different switchgears Suitable rating 1

VIII Precautions to be followed:

1. Select proper switchgear.

IX Procedure
1. Observe the various switchgears.
2. Write the function and application of each switchgear.

X Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1
2

XI Actual Procedure followed:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 74

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XII Observations:
Sr. Switchgear name Function
No.
1 Fuse

2 MCB

3 ELCB

4 HRC fuse

5 Relay

6 Circuit breaker

7 MCCB

8 Switch

XIII Results:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XIV Interpretation of results:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Conclusion and recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 75

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVI Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)

1. State use of MCB and ELCB. Also write specification of the same.
2. State various types of switchgears used in engineering.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVII References/Suggestions for further reading:
3. www.electrical4u.com
4. www.howstuffworks.com
5. www.electricaltechnology.org

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 76

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVIII Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Related Product Related Total

(15) (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 77

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

Practical No. 15: Testing of Earthing using a test lamp and comment on it.
I Practical Significance:
Testing of electrical circuit plays an important role in electrical and electronics equipment‟s. Testing of
components such as relays, solenoids, inductors, chokes, coils, loudspeakers, motors, generators,
transformers and electricity meters etc., it is necessary for fault finding, satisfactory performance of
equipment‟s, safety of operator, life of equipment etc.
II Industry/Employer Expected Outcome(s)
It is used to measure whether items that should be connected to the earthing system are effectively bonded,
and can quickly identify such problems as corroded connections, loose bolts, inadvertent connections or
separations. In industry student improve skill to use electrical equipment in industry application.
III Course Level Learning Outcome(s)
Choose the protective devices for the electrical protection.
IV Laboratory Learning Outcome(s)
LLO Explain connection of earthing for domestics application.
LLO Test available of earthing for given switch board.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
Follow safety electrical rules for safe practices.
VI Relevant Theoretical Background (With diagrams if required)
Earthing is defined as “the process in which the instantaneous discharge of the electrical energy takes
place by transferring charges directly to the earth through low resistance wire.”
Low resistance earthing wire is chosen to provide the least resistance path for leakage of fault current. To
ensure safety, earthing can be done by connecting the electrical appliance to earthing systems or electrodes
placed near the soil or below the ground level.
We all must know How to Check Earthing at Home with Test Lamp and Multimeter in order to be
safe. Proper earthing at home ensures safety in case of electrical shock. Checking value / voltage of
earthing in home electrical socket is very easy. We can check if earthing is proper or not using a Test
Lamp or a Multimeter.
A Multimeter is an indispensable tool that is used to diagnose and troubleshoot circuits. As its name
indicates, it is a meter capable of measuring multiple things related to electricity namely voltage , current
and resistance. Multimeter and Test lamp can be used to find open circuit and short circuit in electric
circuit.
What is a Test Lamp?
A Test Lamp is a Florescent Bulb connected to a Holder and Electrical Wire. Most electricians use Test
Lamps as a voltage tester to check Earthing and other electrical connections.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 78

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in laboratory with equipment Specifications:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
3 pin socket with Single phase , 230 v, 50 Hz , AC Supply 1 No.
1
switch
2 Lamp with holder Suitable range 1 No.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 79

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

IX Precautions to be followed:
1. Avoid loose connections.
2. Don‟t touch wire with wet hands.
X Procedure
1. Insert the Positive Wire of the Test Lamp in the Positive side (Right Hole) of the Socket and
Negative Wire to the Negative side of the Socket (Left Hole).
2. Switch ON. The Bulb will Glow at Full Brightness.
3. Remove the Negative Wire (Leave the Positive Wire as it is).
4. Insert the Negative wire in the Earthing of the Socket (Top single Hole).
5. The Bulb must Glow with Full Brightness as before.
6. If the Bulb does NOT Glow at all then there is NO Earthing / Grounding. If the Bulb Glows Dim,
then it means the Earthing is Not Proper.
XI Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specification:

Name of Resource Suggested Broad Specification Quantity

S. No.
1

XII Actual Procedure followed:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 80

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Lamp connection Lamp Brightness ( Bright / Dim / No ) Remark

1 Between Phase and Neutral

terminal
2 Between Phase and Earth
terminal
3 Between Earth and Neutral
terminal

XIV Result(s)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Interpretation of results
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XVI Conclusion and recommendation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XVII Practical related questions (Provide space for answers)
1. Define Earthing. List the types of earthing.
2. State the need of Earthing.
3. Give the application of earthing.
4. List the advantages of Earthing.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 81

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading:

10. www.electrical4u.com
11. www.howstuffworks.com
12. www.electricaltechnology.org

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 82

Elements of Electrical Engineering (312315)

XIX Suggested Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained Dated signature of teacher

Process Related Product Related Total

(15) (10) (25)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education („K‟ Scheme) 83

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