Programming in Modern C++: Assignment Week 5

Total Marks : 25

Partha Pratim Das

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur – 721302
[email protected]

February 16, 2023

Question 1
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Interest {
protected:
double i;
public:
Interest(double _i) : i(_i) {}
void calculate() { cout << i << endl; }
};
class FDInterest : public Interest {
public:
FDInterest(double _i) : Interest(_i) {}
void calculate(double prin) { cout << i * prin << endl; }
};
int main(){
FDInterest i1(6.75);
i1.calculate(); //LINE-1
return 0;
}

What will be the output/error?

a) 6.75

b) 0

c) 675

d) Compilation error: no matching function for call to ’FDInterest::calculate()’

Answer: d)
Explanation:
When we overload base class function in the derived class, the base class function will not be
available to call using derived class object. So, it will be compilation error at LINE-1.

1
Question 2
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class C {
public:
void print() { cout << "C Programming" << endl; }
};
class CPP : public C {
public:
void print() { cout << "C++ Programming" << endl; }
};
int main(){
C *a1 = new C();
C *b1 = new CPP();
a1->print();
b1->print();
return 0;
}

What will be the output?

a) C Programming
C++ Programming

b) C++ Programming
C Programming

c) C Programming
C Programming

d) C++ Programming
C++ Programming

Answer: c)
Explanation:
Since print() is a non-virtual function, the binding of the function calls a1->print() and
b1->print() depend on the type of the pointers. In our case, both pointers are having C class
type. So, both pointer will call base class function C::print(.).

2
Question 3
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class One{
public:
One() { cout<<"1 "; }
~One() { cout << "-1 "; }
};
class Two : public One {
public:
Two() { cout << "2 "; }
~Two() { cout << "-2 "; }
};
class Three : public One{
Two b;
public:
Three() { cout << "3 "; }
~Three() { cout << "-3 "; }
};
int main(){
Three t1;
return 0;
}

What will be the output?

a) 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1

b) 1 1 2 3 -3 -1 -1

c) 1 3 -3 -1

d) 1 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 -1

Answer: d)
Explanation:
When an object of class Three is being instantiated, the constructor of class One is called,
which will print ”1” first. Then data member of class Three is created, which will again print
”1” then print ”2”. Then at last ”3” is printed from constructor of class Three. After the end
of main() function, reverse of already printed sequence will be printed from the destructor of
the classes. So, the answer is (d).

3
Question 4
Consider the following code segment. [MSQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base{
public:
void print() { cout << "Base" << endl; }
};
class Derived : protected Base {
public:
Derived() { _________________ } //LINE-1
};
int main(){
Derived t1;
return 0;
}

Fill in the blank at LINE-1 so that the program will print Base.

a) Base::print();

b) Base.print();

c) (new Base)->print();

d) Base->print();

Answer: a), c)
Explanation:
It can be seen that the print() function needs to be called from class B constructor in order
to print Base. So, it can be called using class name or temporary object. So, option a) and c)
are correct.

4
Question 5
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B {
protected:
int X;
public:
B(int i = 0) : X(i) {}
};
class D : public B {
B b;
public:
D(B b1, int i = 0) : B(i), b(b1) {}
void print1() { cout << X << endl; } // LINE-1
void print2() { cout << b.X << endl; } // LINE-2
};
int main() {
B b(5);
D d(b, 10);
d.print1();
d.print2();
return 0;
}

What will be the output/error?

a) 5 10

b) 0 10

c) Compilation error generated from LINE-1

d) Compilation error generated from LINE-2

Answer: d)
Explanation:
Both the print1() and print2() functions are trying to access protected data member X of
class B. class D has two data members. One is b of type B which is private and the other
is X which is inherited from B class, and due to inheritance property, it is protected. So in D
class, variable X is easily accessible from public function print1() in LINE-1. But in LINE-2,
print2() function is trying to access data member of object B, which is protected in B class.
So it can’t be accessed from outside B class.

5
Question 6
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
A(int i){ cout << "A::" << i << " "; }
~A(){ cout << "~A "; }
};
class B : public A{
public:
B(int i) : A(i){ cout << "B::" << i << " "; }
~B(){ cout << "~B "; }
};
class C : public B{
public:
C(int i) : B(i){ cout << "C::" << i << " "; }
~C(){ cout << "~C "; }
};
C *dp;
void caller(){
dp = new C(1); //LINE-1
}
int main(){
C d(2); //LINE-2
{
C d(3); //LINE-3
}
caller(); //LINE-4
delete dp; //LINE-5
return 0;
}

What will be the output?

a) A::2 B::2 C::2 A::3 B::3 C::3 A::1 B::1 C::1 ∼C ∼B ∼A ∼C ∼B ∼A ∼C ∼B ∼A

b) A::2 B::2 C::2 A::3 B::3 C::3 ∼C ∼B ∼A A::1 B::1 C::1 ∼C ∼B ∼A ∼C ∼B ∼A

c) C::2 B::2 A::2 C::3 B::3 A::3 C::1 B::1 A::1 ∼C ∼B ∼A ∼A ∼B ∼A ∼C ∼B ∼A

d) C::2 B::2 A::2 C::3 B::3 A::3 C::1 B::1 A::1 ∼A ∼B ∼C ∼A ∼B ∼C ∼A ∼B ∼C

Answer: b)
Explanation:
The constructors are invoked in top-down order in class hierarchy, whereas destructors are
invoked bottom-up order in class hierarchy.
At LINE-2, as the object of class C is instantiated. Hence, the output will be A::2 B::2 C::2.
Another object of class C is instantiated at LINE-3, hence output is A::3 B::3 C::3. However,
the object gets deleted as soon the scope ends, hence it generates output ∼C ∼B ∼A.
Next, at LINE-4 as the function caller() is called. The code at LINE-1 generates another
object of class C that generates the output A::1 B::1 C::1. The same object gets deleted at
LINE-5. Hence, the output is ∼C ∼B ∼A.

6
Finally, the object created at LINE-2 gets deleted at the end of the program, that again
generates output as ∼C ∼B ∼A.

7
Question 7
Consider the following code segment. [MSQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base {
public:
void f() { cout<< "Base::f()"; }
};
class Derived : public Base {
public:
void f() { cout<<"Derived::f()"; };
};
main() {
Derived obj;
________________; //LINE-1
return 0;
}

Fill in the blank at LINE-1 so that the program will print Base::f().

a) Base.obj.f()

b) Base.obj::f()

c) obj.Base::f()

d) Base::obj.f()

Answer: c)
Explanation:
As the function f() need to be called from the base class Base, the appropriate syntax for
function call is obj.Base::f().
This question is intentionally made as MSQ

8
Question 8
Consider the following code segment. [MSQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Staff{
string name;
public:
Staff(string _name = "unknown") : name(_name){}
void print1(){ cout << name << " "; }
};
class Teacher : protected Staff{
string deptName;
public:
Teacher(string _name, string _deptName) : Staff(_name), deptName(_deptName){}
void print2(){ cout << deptName << " "; }
};
int main(){
Teacher t("Partha", "CSE");
t.print1(); //LINE-1
t.print2(); //LINE-2
return 0;
}

What will be the output/error?

a) Partha CSE

b) unknown CSE

c) Compilation error at LINE-1: void ’Staff::print1()’ is inaccessible in this

context

d) Compilation error at LINE-2: void ’Staff::print2()’ is inaccessible in this

context

Answer: c)
Explanation:
Due to protected inheritance, the function print1() becomes protected in class Teacher.
Hence, t.print1() generates a compiler error.

9
Question 9
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A1 {
protected:
int t1;
public:
A1(int _t1) : t1(_t1) { }
};
class A2 : public A1 {
protected:
int t2;
public:
A2(int _t1, int _t2) : A1(_t1), t2(_t2) { }
};
class A3 : private A2 {
public:
A3(int _t1, int _t2) : ____________ { } //LINE-1
void print() { cout << t1 << " " << t2; }
};
int main() {
A3 d(10, 20);
d.print();
return 0;
}

Fill in the blank at LINE-1 such that the program will print 10 20.

a) A2( t1, t2)

b) A2( t2, t1)

c) A1( t1), A2( t2)

d) A2( t1), A2( t1, t2)

Answer: a)
Explanation:
The output suggests that data member of class A1 and A2 will be assigned with 10 and 20
respectively. This can be done in LINE-1 as A2( t1, t2).

10
Programming Questions

Question 1
Complete the program with the following instructions.

• Fill in the blank at LINE-1 with appropriate initializer list,

• Fill in the blanks at LINE-2 and LINE-3 to complete the return statements.

The program must satisfy the given test cases. Marks: 3

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Radius{
public:
int radius;
Radius(int r) : radius(r) { }
};
class Volume : public Radius{
public:
Volume(int _r) : Radius(_r){}
double getVal(){ return 1.33 * 3.14 * radius * radius * radius; }
};
class Area : public Radius{
public:
Area(int _r) : Radius(_r){}
double getVal(){ return 4 * 3.14 * radius * radius; }
};
class Sphere : public Volume, public Area{
public:
Sphere(int _r) : _______________________{} //LINE-1
double getVolume(){ return __________________; } //LINE-2
double getArea(){ return __________________; } //LINE-3
};
int main(){
int a;
cin >> a;
Sphere s(a);
cout << s.getArea() << ", " << s.getVolume();
return 0;
}

Public 1
Input: 3
Output: 113.04, 112.757

Public 2
Input: 10
Output: 1256, 4176.2

11
Private 1
Input:5
Output: 314, 522.025

Answer:
LINE-1: Volume( r), Area( r)
LINE-2: Volume::getVal()
LINE-3: Area::getVal()
Explanation:
The class Sphere is inherited from both Area and Volume classes. So, at LINE-1, we use
class Rectangle : Volume( r), Area( r) for the constructor definition.
The function getVal() is defined in both Area and Volume classes. To resolve the ambigu-
ity, we need to use Volume::getVal() at LINE-2 to call getVal() from class Volume and
Area::getVal() at LINE-3 to call getVal() from class Area.

12
Question 2
Consider the following program with the following instructions.

• Fill in the blank at LINE-1 with appropriate keyword.

• Fill in the blanks at LINE-2 and LINE-3 to complete the constructor statements.

The program must satisfy the sample input and output. Marks: 3

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle{
string vehicleName;
int noOfWheels;
protected:
Vehicle(string s, int w) : vehicleName(s), noOfWheels(w) { }
public:
______ void vehicleDetails(const Vehicle&); //LINE-1
};
class Twowheeler : public Vehicle{
public:
Twowheeler(string n) : _______________ { } //LINE-2
};
class Fourwheeler : public Vehicle{
public:
Fourwheeler(string n) : _________________ { } //Line-3
};
void vehicleDetails(const Vehicle &v){
cout << v.vehicleName << ": ";
if(v.noOfWheels == 2)
cout << "Two Wheeler";
else
cout << "Four Wheeler";
}
int main(){
string s;
int n;
Vehicle *v;
cin >> s >> n;
if(n==2)
v = new Twowheeler(s);
else
v = new Fourwheeler(s);
vehicleDetails(*v);
return 0;
}

Public 1
Input: Car 4
Output: Car: Four Wheeler

13
Public 2
Input: Cycle 2
Output: Cycle: Two Wheeler

Private
Input: Bus 4
Output: Bus: Four Wheeler

Answer:
LINE-1: friend
LINE-2: Vehicle(n,2)
LINE-3: Vehicle(n,4)
Explanation:
The global function vehicleDetails() needs to access private members of class Vehicle. So,
it should be a friend function of class Vehicle. LINE-1 will be filled with friend.
From LINE-2, constructor of class Vehicle needs to be called with noOfWheels value as 2. It
can be done as Vehicle(n, 2).
In the similar way, LINE-3 will be filled as Vehicle(n, 4).

14
Question 3
Consider the following program. Fill in the blanks as per the instructions given below:

• Fill in the blank at LINE-1 to complete the inheritance statement.

• Fill in the blank at LINE-2 with the appropriate initializer list,

The program must satisfy the given test cases. Marks: 3

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Test1{
protected:
int t1;
public:
Test1(int b) : t1(b){}
};
class Test2{
protected:
int t2;
public:
Test2(int b) : t2(b){}
};
class ReTest : _________________________________{ //LINE-1
int t;
public:
ReTest(int x) : ________________________________{} //LINE-2
void show(){
cout << t << ", " << t1 << ", " << t2;
}
};
int main(){
int x;
cin >> x;
ReTest t1(x);
t1.show();
return 0;
}

Public 1
Input: 3
Output: 3, 8, 13

Public 2
Input: 10
Output: 10, 15, 20

Private
Input: -5
Output: -5, 0, 5

15
Answer:
LINE-1: public Test1, public Test2 or protected inheritance
LINE-2: Test1(x+5), Test2(x+10), t(x) or in any order
Explanation:
The function show() of class ReTest is accessing protected member of both class Test1 and
class Test2. This can be done when ReTest class is inherited from class Test1 and Test2.
So, LINE-1 will be filled as
public Test1, public Test2 or protected inheritance
As per the test cases, the constructor at LINE-2 needs to be filled as
Test1(x+5), Test2(x+10), t(x) or in any order

16