Programming in Modern C++: Assignment Week 3

Total Marks : 25

Partha Pratim Das

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur – 721302
[email protected]

January 31, 2023

Question 1
Consider the following program. [MSQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class myClass{
int pra = 5;
public:
int pub = 10;
void set_pr(int x){ pra = x; }
void set_pu(int x){ pub = x; }
};

int main(){
myClass m;
int a, b;
a = m.pra; //LINE-1
b = m.pub; //LINE-2
m.set_pr(100); //LINE-3
m.set_pu(200); //LINE-4
return 0;
}

Which line/s will generate an error?

a) LINE-1

b) LINE-2

c) LINE-3

d) LINE-4

Answer: a)
Explanation:
At LINE-1, main() function is accessing the private data member using object m which will
generate an error.

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At LINE-2, public member is being accessed using object m which is fine.
At LINE-3 and LINE-4, public functions are called using object of the class which will not
generate any error.
This question is intentionally made as MSQ

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Question 2
Consider the following class. [MCQ, Mark 1]

class Test{
________:
int x;
________:
int y;
/* Some more code */
};

Fill in the blanks with proper access specifiers so that member y can be accessed from outside
of the class but member x cannot be accessed.

a) public, public

b) public, private

c) private, public

d) private, private

Answer: c)
Explanation:
A class member should be declared as public to be accessed from outside of the class. On the
other hand, a private data member prevents itself to be accessed directly from outside of the
class.

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Question 3
Consider the following code segment. [MSQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class myClass{
public:
myClass() { cout << "1st" << endl; }
myClass(int x=0) { cout << "2nd" << endl; }
};

int main(){
myClass m1;
return 0;
}

What will be the output/error?

a) 1st

b) 2nd

c) 1st
2nd

d) Compilation Error: call of overloaded ’myClass()’ is ambiguous

Answer: d)
Explanation:
The program contains an ambiguous definition of myClass constructor where the default con-
structor and parameterized constructor with default parameter make ambiguity in creating
objects. Hence, the program will give a compilation error.

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Question 4
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int i = 0;
class test {
public:
test() { i = 1;}
~test() { i = 2; }
};
void f(){
test t;
}
int fun() {
i = 3;
f();
return i++;
}
int main() {
cout << fun() << " ";
cout << i << endl;
return 0;
}

What will be the output?

a) 1 2

b) 3 1

c) 2 3

d) 3 4

Answer: c)
Explanation:
i is initialized to 0 (i = 0; executes before main() is called). Then main() starts and calls
fun() which sets i to 3 by i = 3;. The fun() calls the function f(). In function f(), test
t set i = 1. But the object t is local within function f().
So, as the function f() returns, the destructor of local object t will be called before return and
i become 2. This 2 will be returned by fun(), and get printed.
Further i value incremented to 3 after return (Since i++ is post incrementer). Finally, value
of i is printed as 3.
Hence the correct option is c).

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Question 5
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
class Fun {
char __________________________; // LINE-1: declare the data members
public:
Fun(char* _fstr, char* _mstr, char* _lstr) :
fstr(setFstr(_fstr)), mstr(setMstr(_mstr)),
lstr(setLstr(_lstr)){}
char* setFstr(char* fn) {
cout << fn << " ";
return strdup(fn);
}
char* setMstr(char* mn) {
cout << mn << " ";
return strdup(mn);
}
char* setLstr(char* ln) {
cout << ln << " ";
return strdup(ln);
}
};
int main() {
Fun obj("coding", "is", "fun");
return 0;
}

Fill in the blank at LINE-1 so that the program will print

fun is coding.

a) *lstr, *mstr, *fstr

b) *mstr, *fstr, *lstr

c) *lstr, *fstr, *mstr

d) *fstr, *lstr, *mstr

Answer: a)
Explanation:
The order of invocation to initialization-list function depends on the sequence of the data
members declared in the class.

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Question 6
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point {
int _x;
int _y;
Point(int x, int y) {
_x = x;
_y = y;
cout << _x << " " << _y;
}
};
int main() {
Point pt(2, 7);
return 0;
}

What will be the output?

a) 2 7

b) 0 0

c) Compilation error: no default constructor

d) Compilation error: constructor is private

Answer: d)
Explanation:
The parameterized constructor Point(int x, int y) is private by default, so it cannot be
accessed by from main() function. Hence option d) is correct.

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Question 7
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
int x, y;
public:
Complex(int _x, int _y) : x(_x), y(_y) { }
Complex(Complex &c) : x(c.x), y(c.y){ }
void change(Complex *new_c) { this = new_c; }
void show() { cout << x << ", " << y << endl; }
};
int main() {
Complex c1(10, 20);
Complex c2(20, 50);
Complex c3(c1);
c3.change(&c2);
c3.show();
return 0;
}

What will be the output/error?

a) 10 20

b) 20 50

c) Compilation Error: lvalue required as left operand of assignment

d) Compilation Error: private data members are inaccessible

Answer: c)
Explanation:
In the function change(&c2), the statement
this = new c;
attempts an assignment to this. Since this is a constant pointer (Complex * const), it
cannot be changed and the error occurs during compilation.

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Question 8
Consider the following code segment. [MCQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Test {
int x;
public:
Test(int a=0) : x(a){ cout << "1st "; }
Test(const int &i) : x(i){ cout << "2nd "; }
};
int main() {
Test m1=5;
return 0;
}

What will be the output/error?

a) 1st

b) 2nd

c) 1st
2nd

d) Compilation error: conversion from ’int’ to ’Test’ is ambiguous

Answer: d)
Explanation:
Both the constructors take an integer as input and assigns it to the data member of the class.
So, when the assignment of integer to the class object is done, compiler become confused which
constructor to call. Hence, it gives an error.

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Question 9
Consider the following code segment. [MSQ, Marks 2]

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class constC{
_____________ x; //LINE-1
public:
constC(int _x) : x(_x) {}
void setx(int a) const{
x = a;
}
void print() const{
cout << x << endl;
}
};
int main(){
const constC m(1);
m.setx(5);
m.print();
return 0;
}

Fill in the blank at LINE-1 such that the program will print 5.

a) int

b) const int

c) mutable int

d) int mutable

Answer: c), d)
Explanation:
To change the value of the data member of a constant object, we need to declare the data
member as mutable. So, the syntaxes are mutable int or int mutable.

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Programming Questions

Question 1
Consider the program below. Fill in the blanks at LINE-1, LINE-2, and LINE-3 with appro-
priate keywords such that the program must satisfy the given test cases. Marks:
3

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Employee{
const int id;
string name;
_________ int salary; //LINE-1
public:
Employee(int a, string b, int c) : id(a), name(b), salary(c) {}
void updateSalary(int x) _____{ salary += x; } //LINE-2
void print() _____{ //LINE-3
cout << id << " : " << name << " : " << salary;
}
};
int main(){
string n;
int i, m, u;
cin >> i >> n >> m >> u;
const Employee e1(i, n, m);
e1.updateSalary(u);
e1.print();
return 0;
}

Public 1
Input:
1 Ram 1000
3000
Output: 1 : Ram : 4000

Public 2
Input:
2 Rohit 5000
2000
Output: 2 : Rohit : 7000

Private
Input:
3 Rahul 10000
5000
Output: 3 : Rahul : 15000

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Answer:
LINE-1: mutable
LINE-2: const
LINE-3: const
Explanation:
The object of class Employee is declared as constant. So, all functions of class Employee
should be declared as const in order to access them using the constant object. So, LINE-2 and
LINE-3 will be filled as const. The data member marks of constant object is being changed
using function updateSalary(). Hence, LINE-1 should be filled as mutable.

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Question 2
Consider the following program.

• Fill in the blank at LINE-1 with the appropriate initializer statement for the parameter-
ized constructor,

• Fill in the blank at LINE-2 with the appropriate statement which deletes the dynamically
allocated memory to data member arr

The program must satisfy the sample input and output. Marks: 3

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Array{
char *arr;
int size;
public:
Array(int n) : _________________________{} //LINE-1
~Array(){ ________________; } //LINE-2
void EnterElement(){
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
cin >> arr[i];
}
void FindMax(){
char max = ’ ’;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
if(max < arr[i])
max = arr[i];
}
cout << "Max: " << max;
}
};
int main(){
int n;
cin >> n;
Array a(n);
a.EnterElement();
a.FindMax();
return 0;
}

Public 1
Input: 3
a s d
Output: Max: s

Public 2
Input: 5
a e i o u
Output: Max: u

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Private
Input: 4
a r u p
Output: Max: u

Answer:
LINE-1: arr(new char[n]), size(n)
LINE-2: delete[] arr
Explanation:
The parameterized constructor of the class should initialize the data members of the class.
Using the constructor, we need to allocate memory to the data member arr and initialize size.
So, LINE-1 needs to be filled as arr(new char[n]), size(n). The destructor should free
memory which is allocated dynamically to the data member arr. So, LINE-2 should be filled
as delete[] arr.

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Question 3
Consider the program below.

• Fill in the blank at LINE-1 to complete parameterized constructor

• Fill in the blank at LINE-2 to complete copy constructor

• Fill in the blank at LINE-3 to complete return statement

The area( ) evaluates the area of the given right-angled triangle.

The program must satisfy the given test cases. Marks: 3

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class triangle{
int *b, *h;
public:
triangle(int _b, int _h) : b(______________), h(____________){} //LINE-1
triangle(triangle &t) : b(_____________), h(_____________){} //LINE-2
~triangle(){ delete b; delete h; }
int area(){ return ______________; } //LINE-3
};
int main(){
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
triangle *tri = new triangle(a, b);
cout << tri->area();
return 0;
}

Public 1
Input: 4 7
Output: 14

Public 2
Input: 10 20
Output: 100

Private
Input: 8 4
Output: 16

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Answer:
LINE-1: new int( b), new int( h)
LINE-2: new int(*t.b), new int(*t.h)
LINE-3: 0.5 * *b * *h
Explanation:
Since the data-members *b and *h are of pointer type, dynamic allocation (using new opera-
tor) is required in initialization. The allocation of memory and initialization at LINE-1 must
be done as follows:
new int( b),
new int( h)
At LINE-2, we have copy constructor. The allocation of memory and initialization at LINE-2
must be done as follows:
new int(*r.w),
new int(*r.h)
The return statement in the function area() must be:
return 0.5*b * *h;

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