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Types of Column Footings

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Rajan Chandra Das
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10 views2 pages

Types of Column Footings

Uploaded by

Rajan Chandra Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Column footings are the foundation elements that transfer the loads from columns to the soil.

The type of column footing used depends on the type of soil, load on the structure, and nature of the
building. Here are the common types of column footings, along with their applications based on soil type and building:

1. Isolated Footing
Description:
A single rectangular, square, or circular slab under a column.
Reinforced with rebars to resist bending and shear forces.

Use:
Soil Type: Suitable for strong and uniform soils with high bearing capacity (e.g., gravel, compact sand).
Building Type: Residential or light commercial buildings where the loads are moderate, and columns are spaced widely apart.

2. Combined Footing
Description:
A footing that supports two or more columns.
Typically rectangular or trapezoidal in shape.

Use:
Soil Type: Suitable for moderate strength soils where isolated footings would overlap.
Building Type: Used when two columns are close to the property line or when heavy loads are concentrated.

3. Strap Footing (Cantilever Footing)


Description:
Two isolated footings are connected with a strap beam to balance loads.

Use:
Soil Type: Medium to strong soils with limited settlement potential.
Building Type: Used near property lines to prevent eccentric loading and in cases where columns are at the boundary of a plot.

4. Raft Foundation (Mat Footing)


Description:
A large slab covering the entire area beneath the building, supporting all columns.

Use:
Soil Type: Weak soils with low bearing capacity, prone to differential settlement (e.g., clay, silt).
Building Type: High-rise buildings, large industrial structures, or areas with non-uniform load distribution.

5. Pile Foundation
Description:
Vertical structural elements (piles) are driven deep into the ground to transfer loads to deeper, stronger strata.

Use:
Soil Type: Weak or compressible soils (e.g., loose sand, peat, clay) with low surface bearing capacity.
Building Type: Tall buildings, bridges, towers, and heavy industrial plants.

6. Pad Footing
Description:
A plain or lightly reinforced slab beneath the column with minimal depth.

Use:
Soil Type: Firm soils with good load-bearing capacity (e.g., rock, dense sand).
Building Type: Small buildings, sheds, or lightweight structures.

7. Stepped Footing
Description:
A tiered footing where the load distribution is adjusted in steps to ensure stability.

Use:
Soil Type: Moderate to firm soils, especially sloping sites.
Building Type: Multi-story buildings or structures with limited load conditions.

8. Grillage Foundation
Description:
A layered arrangement of steel beams encased in concrete.

Use:
Soil Type: Soft soils with low shear strength.
Building Type: Heavy structures such as chimneys, columns for bridges, and industrial facilities.

Selection Criteria
1. Type of Soil
Strong soils: Isolated or combined footings.
Weak soils: Raft, pile, or grillage foundations.
2. Load Type
Moderate loads: Isolated or pad footings.
Heavy loads: Raft, pile, or combined footings.
3. Building Type
Residential: Isolated, combined, or raft footings.
Commercial/Industrial: Raft, pile, or grillage foundations.

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