SMART HELMET ALCOHOL DETECTION ENGINE

LOCKING SYSTEM USING IOT

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

G.GURUMOORTHY (923820105013)

M.MUTHUKRISHNAN (923820105021)

T.PRADHAP (923820105027)

K.PREMKUMAR (923820105028)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MANGAYARKARASI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600025

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

MAY 2024

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 ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “SMART HELMET ALCOHOL DETECTION

ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM USING IOT ” is the bonafide work of

“ K.PREMKUMAR (923820105028), G.GURUMOORTHY (923820105013),

M.MUTHUKRISHNAN (923820105021), T.PRADHAP (923820105028) ”

who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
MR.S.RAJESH KUMAR AP/EEE DR.N.M.VIJAYAKUMAR

SUPERVISIOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MANGAYARKARASI ENGINEERING COLLEGE MANGAYARKARASI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
MANGAYARKARASI NAGAR MANGAYARKARASI NAGAR
PARAVAI PARAVAI
MADURAI MADURAI

Submitted for the Project Viva-Voice held on

Internal Examiner Exteral Examiner

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to the management of Mangayarkarasi College of

engineering for extending the facility and opportunity to carry out our project work and we would
like to extend our thanks as offertory to our honorable Founder Amarar K. Pitchiah pillai, and
Chairman Mrs. R. Kalyaniammal D.TEd., for their blessings. It’s our privilege to thank our
honorable Secretary Dr. P. Ashok Kumar M.A., M.Ed., BGL., D.Lit., and Trustee
Dr.A.Saravana Pradeepkumar, Managing Director Er.A.Shakti Pranesh B.E., M.B.A (U.K.),
for giving kind support and facilities to us to complete this course

We would like to extend our thanks to our respected Principal Dr. J. Karthikeyen ME.,
Ph.D., MBA., MISTE., C.Eng., for his support and encouragement. We sincerely thank to our
respected Academic Dean Dr. C. Callins Christiyana M.E., Ph.D., for her valuable inputs.

We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to our head of the department Dr. N.
M.VIJAYAKUMAR ME., Ph.D., and our Project coordinator DR.M.Arunraja Asp/EEE. for
their complete guidance and constant support and our project Supervisor Mr.S.Rajeshkumar
ME., MBA…AP/EEE for his excellent guidance and constant encouragement throughout our
project work.

We acknowledgement our reverent gratitude to all teaching and non-teaching staffs and all
our friends those who are supported us for this successful completion of project work and all my
family members for their caring and unlimited support.

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 ABSTRACT

A smart helmet is a type of protective headgear used by the rider which makes bike driving safer

than before. The main purpose of this helmet is to provide safety for the rider. This can be

implemented by using advanced features like alcohol detection, location tracking.

This makes it not only a smart helmet but also a feature of a smart bike. It is compulsory to wear

the helmet, without which the ignition switch cannot turn ON. An RF Module can be used as

wireless link for communication between transmitter and receiver.

If the rider is drunk the ignition gets automatically locked, and sends a message to the registered

number with his current location. In case of an accident it will send a message through GSM. The

distinctive utility of the project is fall detection; if the rider falls down from the bike or got into an

accident it sends a message.

Keywords: Breath Analyzer, MQ-3 sensor, Drunk detection, GSM, Ignition lock, Smart helmet.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter no Title pageno

1 Introduction 6
1.1 The main objective 7
1.2 Methodology 7
1.3 Project layout 8
2 Literature review 9
2.1 Design method 13
3 Design & Hardware Requirements 15

4 Block diagram & Working 17

5 Circuit diagram & Appications 27

6 Program & Experimental result 29

7 Conculsion and result 37

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 LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO

3 Design and hardware requirements 15

4 Block diagram and working 14

4.0 Working principle 15

4.1 Arduino 16
4. 2 Mq3 sensor 16
4.3 Dc motor 17
4.4 Liquid crystal display 17
4.5 RF Transmitter 18
4.6 GPS module 18
6 Circuit dagram 25

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In today’s era, especially in the young generation, the craze of motorbikes is really remarkable.
As the bikers in our country are increasing, the road mishaps are also increasing day by day, due
to which many deaths occur, most of them are caused by the negligence in wearing helmet. And
one of the reasons for this accident is alcohol consumption. Even though breath analyzers are
used to detect whether the rider has consumed alcohol or not by the traffic department, it is
difficult to check each and every rider on the road. Most of the deaths will occur since the injured
person is not given proper medical attention.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problem we are designing an intelligent system that
prevents road accidents and detects alcohol consumption and also this will be able to detect
crashes and will be able to notify quickly the accident to a predefined number.
The alcohol sensor would be used to detect the presence of alcohol in the blood, the project can
detect whether the person is drunk or not. if found drunken then it won’t allow the bike to start. if
the person doesn’t put on the helmet in that case, the bike will not start. the project won’t allow
the bike to start if he doesn’t put the helmet on his head and also won’t allow the bike to start if
he has taken alcohol.

Here in this project first step is to identify whether the helmet is worn or not. If the helmet is
worn then the ignition will start otherwise it remains off. For this, the Helmet press button is
used. The second step is alcohol detection. An alcohol sensor is used as a breath analyser which

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detects the presence of alcohol in the rider’s breath and if it exceeds the permissible limit ignition
cannot start. MQ-3 sensor is used for this purpose. When these two conditions are satisfied then
only ignition starts.

1.1 The main Objectives

The main objectives of the project are comprehended as follows:

• The Alcohol Detection with Engine Locking system helps to reduce accidents which are
occurring due to drunk driving.
• The bike won’t start without wearing helmet.
• Less Accidents, more safety
.

1.2 Methodology

The methodology for developing the smart helmet alcohol detection engine locking system
using IoT encompasses several key steps. Initially, a thorough literature review is conducted to
gather insights into existing technologies, sensor integration methods, and safety standards.
Following this, a detailed requirement analysis is performed to identify user needs, regulatory
requirements, and system functionalities.

The selection and integration of appropriate sensors, IoT modules, microcontrollers, and
communication protocols are crucial aspects of the methodology, ensuring accurate alcohol
detection and seamless communication with the vehicle's engine control unit (ECU).

Hardware and software components are then developed, encompassing the design of the smart
helmet prototype and algorithms for alcohol detection and data processing. Rigorous testing is

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conducted to validate the system's accuracy, reliability, and usability, with a focus on user
interface design to ensure intuitive operation for riders. Evaluation and validation activities
involve field testing, simulations, and gathering feedback from users and stakeholders to assess
overall performance and effectiveness in preventing drunk driving incident.

1.3 Project Layout

Transmission section ( On Helmet ):-

“ This will detect whether the person is drunk or not. And it will also detect whether the helmet is
put on the head or not. RF Transmitter will send this signal wirelessly to the bike. ”

Receiver Section ( On Bike ):-

“ This section will receive the signal from the helmet section and will give it to the
microcontroller unit to process. here the microcontroller will decide whether the ignition system
should be off or on with the help of the ignition control relay unit. ”

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

The focus of the paper Automatic Engine Locking System Through Alcohol Detection is on
creating a hardware device, which detects the alcohol consumption of vehicle driver, to reduce
road accidents. Pravin Shukla et al.

[1] focuses on the Alcohol Detection System in Vehicle

Using Arduino is to represent the project which makes human driving safer and to overcome
accidents caused by driving vehicles with alcohol consumption. Sudharsana Vijayan et al.

[2]developed an Automatic Alcohol Detection and Engine Locking System Using Arduino
NANO is to operate vehicle only by normal person. It provides safety of people outside and
inside the vehicles. It helps to control accidents as well as rash driving due to alcohol.

R. Kumudham et al. [3] proposed a system “Drunk and Drive Controller” for Vehicles which
was used to control accident happening because of driving after consuming alcohol. Gaseous
material in breath of driver is sense using sensing and output is implemented by sensor.

P. Manikandan et al. developed a system namely Alcohol Detection and

Vehicle Ignition Locking System which focuses on to develop a system to avoid accident due to
concern of alcohol. And mainly temperature and microcontroller are used to detect and
implement.

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 2.1 DESIGN METHOD

MQ-3 sensor detects the presence of alcohol in the surroundings. The sensor provides output on
the basis of the concentration of the alcohol, if the alcohol concentration is higher the
conductivity of MQ-3 sensor increases which in turn gives the reading to ARDUINO.

If the reading is greater than the threshold level, ARDUINO will stop the DC motor. The red
LED will also blink if the distance is less than the safe distance to give indication to other
vehicles that the vehicle in front of them is unsafe. Now, with the help of SIM900A the message
will be sent to the civil forces that the particular vehicle is unsafe and can be a threat to other
people

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 CHAPTER 3
DESIGN AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARES

•Arduino Uno

•Alcohol Sensor

•GPS Module

•GSM Module

•LCD Display

•Buzzer

•DC Motor

•LED

•Limit Switch

•RF Module

•Power Supply

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EXISTING SYSTEM:

Currently, motorcycle helmets lack integrated alcohol detection systems, leaving a

gap in preventing drunk driving incidents among riders.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Our proposed system integrates alcohol detection technology into smart helmets
using IoT, triggering an engine lock if alcohol levels exceed the limit, thus preventing drunk
driving incidents effectively.

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 CHAPTER 4
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

Figure 4.0

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 Working Principle

The working principle of the proposed smart helmet alcohol detection system revolves around
continuous monitoring, processing, and action based on alcohol levels detected in the wearer's
breath. Utilizing an alcohol detection sensor embedded within the helmet, such as the MQ-5
sensor, the system measures the conductivity changes caused by the presence of alcohol vapors in
the wearer's breath.

This sensor output is processed by a microcontroller unit (MCU) within the helmet, where it is
compared against a predefined threshold value. If the alcohol level exceeds this threshold,
indicating intoxication, the system activates an IoT module to establish wireless communication
with the vehicle's engine control unit (ECU).

Through this communication, the IoT module sends a signal instructing the ECU to initiate an
engine locking mechanism, effectively immobilizing the vehicle and preventing the intoxicated
individual from driving. Additionally, real-time notifications containing relevant details, such as
the vehicle's GPS location, are sent to predefined contacts or authorities to alert them of the
situation. This integrated approach aims to deter drunk driving incidents, enhance road safety, and
promote responsible driving behavior among motorcyclists.

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Arduino Uno
It is an open-source electronic platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It is used for
sending receiving and processing the signal and it helps to rotate the servo motor and shows the
display on the screen.

FIGURE 4.1

MQ3 Sensor
This MQ3 sensor is employed to detect alcohol. Its sensitivity to gases like
CO and benzene is modest, whereas its sensitivity to alcohol is strong. SnO2 may be used to vary
the sensitivity, making it useful for sensing alcohol. When the concentration of the alcohol is high
the resistivity of the sensor will change and hence the output voltage will change.Thus, the sensor
is very useful component in such type of system which is used in sensing air from breath.

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 Figure 4.2

DC Motor
DC or direct current motor works on the principal, when a current carrying conductor is placed
in a magnetic field; it experiences a torque and has a tendency to move. This is known as
motoring action. If the direction of current in the wire is reversed, the direction of rotation also
reverses. When magnetic field and electric field interact, they produce a mechanical force, and
based on that the working principle of DC motor is established.

FIGURE 4.3

Liquid Crystal Display

16X2 LCD is a device used to display messages in the form of text and numbers. It is easy to
program and can be used with various microcontrollers. It is preferred over the 7-segment display
for ease of use and convenience. The 16X2 LCD has two registers, command and data. The
command registers stores command instructions given to the LCD.

FIGURE 4.4

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 RF TRANSMITTER
RF (Radio Frequency) modules are essential components used for wireless communication in a wide range of
applications.

FIGURE 4.5

GPS MODULE
In this project we have used NEO 6m GPS module. GPS receivers actually work by figuring out
how far they are from a number of satellites. They are pre-programmed to know where the GPS
32 satellites are at any given time. The function of the GPS module is to calculate the speed and
location of the vehicle. The satellites transmit information about their position and the current
time in the form of radio signals towards the Earth. These signals identify the satellites and tell
the receiver where they are located.

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 CHAPTER 5

Circuit Diagram and Applications

FIGURE 4.7

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 APPLICATIONS

• The Alcohol Detection with Engine Locking system helps to reduce accidents which are
occurring due to drunk driving.
• The Chance of Loss of Life and Property due to Drunken driving Minimized. Less Accidents,
more safety.

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 CHAPTER 6

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT AND PROGRAM

HELMET PART

Figure 1.9

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BIKE PART

Figure 2.0

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 PROGRAM

#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <TinyGPS++.h>

SoftwareSerial gsmSerial(9, 10); // GSM module connection (RX, TX)

SoftwareSerial gpsSerial(11, 12); // GPS module connection (RX, TX)

TinyGPSPlus gps; // Create a GPS object

#define MQ3_ADDRESS 0x48 // MQ-3 sensor I2C address

#define ALCOHOL_THRESHOLD 500
#define BUZZER_PIN 7
#define RELAY_PIN 8
#define MOTOR_PIN 9

#define APN "your_apn"

#define APN_USER "your_apn_username"
#define APN_PASSWORD "your_apn_password"
#define GSM_PHONE "your_phone_number"
#define MQTT_SERVER "mqtt_server_ip_address"
#define MQTT_PORT 1883
#define MQTT_USERNAME "mqtt_username"
#define MQTT_PASSWORD "mqtt_password"
#define MQTT_TOPIC "alcohol_detection"

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// Create an instance of the alcohol sensor
float alcoholValue = 0.0;

// GSM commands
const char* AT = "AT";
const char* AT_CMGF = "AT+CMGF=1";
const char* AT_CNMI = "AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0";
const char* AT_CMGS = "AT+CMGS=\"";
const char* AT_GPSRD = "AT+CGPSINFO";

// Function declarations
void sendSMS(const char* phoneNumber, const char* message);
void sendGSMCommand(const char* command);
void sendGPSCoordinates();

void setup() {
Wire.begin();

pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(MOTOR_PIN, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);
gsmSerial.begin(9600);
gpsSerial.begin(9600);

// Initialize GSM module

sendGSMCommand(AT);

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 sendGSMCommand(AT_CMGF);
sendGSMCommand(AT_CNMI);

delay(2000);
}

void loop() {
// Read alcohol sensor value
Wire.beginTransmission(MQ3_ADDRESS);
Wire.requestFrom(MQ3_ADDRESS, 2);

if (Wire.available()) {
int highByte = Wire.read();
int lowByte = Wire.read();
alcoholValue = (highByte << 8) | lowByte;
}

// Check if alcohol level exceeds threshold

if (alcoholValue > ALCOHOL_THRESHOLD) {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on the buzzer
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // Lock the engine
digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, LOW); // Stop the motor

sendSMS(GSM_PHONE, "Alcohol detected! Engine locked.");

sendGPSCoordinates();
} else {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW); // Turn off the buzzer
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // Unlock the engine

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 digitalWrite(MOTOR_PIN, HIGH); // Start the motor
}

delay(1000);
}

void sendSMS(const char* phoneNumber, const char* message) {

sendGSMCommand(AT_CMGS);
gsmSerial.print(phoneNumber);
gsmSerial.write((byte)0x0D);
delay(1000);
gsmSerial.print(message);
gsmSerial.write((byte)0x1A);
delay

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 CHAPTER 7

CONCULSION

In conclusion, the development of smart helmets represents a significant advancement in

motorcycle safety technology. By integrating features such as IoT connectivity, sensor systems,
and real-time monitoring capabilities, smart helmets offer riders enhanced protection and
connectivity on the road. These helmets not only provide vital safety features like accident
detection and emergency assistance but also offer additional functionalities such as GPS
navigation, communication with other vehicles, and even alcohol detection systems. While
further improvements and refinements are ongoing, smart helmets hold immense potential to
mitigate risks, prevent accidents, and ultimately save lives, marking a promising evolution in
motorcycle safety standards.

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REFERENCES

1) Prashanth K. P., K. Padiyar, Naveen Kumar. P. H, and K. S. Kumar, “Road accident avoiding
system
using drunken sensing technique,” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology,
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2) M. Vaishnavi, V. Umadevi, M. Vinothini, Y. Bhaskar Rao, and S. Pavithra, “Intelligent

alcohol detection system for car,” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
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3) Omanakuttan, D. Sreedhar, A. Manoj, A. Achankunju, and C. M. Cherian, “GPS and GSM

based engine locking system using smart password,” Int. Journal of Computer Sciences and
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4) P. Sahu, S. Dixit, S. Mishra, and S. Srivastava, “Alcohol detection-based engine locking

system using MQ-3 sensor,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol.
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5) S. Al-Youif, M. A. M. Ali, and M. N. Mohammed, “Alcohol detection for car locking system,”
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6) Keerthana K., Ramya G., and N. Bharathi, “Drunk driving detection using car ignition
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7) Zenachew M. and Gebremicheal Te-ame, “Microcontroller based automatic vehicle lock

control system of drunken driver,” Dissertation, Industrial Control Engineering, Ethiopian
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8) P. Ingalepatil, P. Barhate, B. Nemade, and V. D. Chaudhari, “Alcohol detection system in

vehicle using arduino,” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no.
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9) D. E. Gbenga, H. I. Hamed, A. A. Lateef, and A. E. Opeyemi, “Alcohol detection of drunk

drivers with automatic car engine locking system,” Nova Journal of Engineering and Applied
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10) V. N. Kukre, O. Mane, O. Gujar, P. Enpure, and M. Bhise, “Alcohol detection system with
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WEBSITES:

https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume56/number5/8885-2882
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4725791
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917302107
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
http://www.instructabal.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
http://science.howstuffworks.com/robot2.htm
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUno

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