Experiment 1 Physics

I EXPERIMENT Jl/!
jJJjf
To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential
~ difference versus current.
A?PARATUS
Resistance wire, ammeter, volhneter, key, battery, ·rheostat, connecting wires.
THEOG1Y
OHM'S LAW states that if the temperature of a conductor is kept constant, the current flowing through the
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends.
If I is the current flowing through a conductor and V, the potential difference across its ends, then according
to Ohm's law,
I oc V
or V oc I
V
1 = a constant
This constant is known as the resistance of the conductor. Its S.I. unit is ohm (Q). A graph plotted between
I and V will be a straight line.
DIAGR~M Voltmeter
V
+
Ammeter
A
+
Conductor
(Resistance
wire)
_ + I 1-1-- (
B K Rh
Battery Key Rheostat
(1)
PROCEDURE
1. Cll"at: the <.'n ds of the connec ting wires wi th a sand-pap: r. Assemble the circuit as shown in the fi
k('cp1ng the key K op en. All the connection s should be tigh t. ~e
2. Note the zero error an d leas t count of amm eter and voltmeter.
3. Adjus t the rh eos tat such that its resistance is maximum.
-1. Insert the key K.
5. Record th e value of cu rrent from the amm eter and the corresponding v alue of potential difference fro
the voltmeter. rn
6. A djust the sliding contact of th e rh eostat for different v~lues and obtain the- corresponding values of
current and potential difference.
7. Plot a graph taking V along X-axis and I along Y-axis.
OBSERVATIONS
Least count of ammeter = ....... ampere
Least count of voltmeter = ...... volt
Zero error in ammeter = ..... ampere.
Zero error in voltmeter , = ...... volt.
Length of the resistance wire used = l = ....... cm.
Table for V and I
S.No. Voltmeter reading V (volt) ,._A mmeter Reading I (ampere)
1.
2. ,
3. ,,
4.
5. .
6.
7.
8.
-
GRAPH
The graph between .v (along X -axis) and I (along
Y-axis) is as shown. t ·O----------_-----: Q
It is a straight line passing through the origin. I

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
I B
Potential Difference (volt) -
CALCULATIONS
From thl· g r.--iph, R _ I AH

~lope - CO =- .. .. Q ·
Re~i~t,1n c(' p0r unit length == 'i = .......... Q crn- 1
RESULT
Rcs is tnncc per unit length of the given wire = _ __ Q cm- 1
PRECAUTIONS
1. Draw the circuit diagrnm before making the connections.

2. Whil e making th e conn ections, key shouJd be ope~.
3. Clean the ends of the connecting wires with sand-paper before making the connec;tions.
4. All the com1ections and the key should be tight.
5. Zero error in ammeter and voltmeter should be taken into account.
6. The ammeter should always be connected in series in the circuit while the voltmeter should be connected
in parallel with the resistance wire.
7. Plug in the key only during the observations.
Q.1. What do you mean by the terrri electric

current? Q.5. Give example of a· good non-metallic
conductor.
Ans. The rate of flow · of electric charge with
time is called current. Ans. Graphite
Q.6. State Ohm's law.
Mathematically I =· qt_(time)
(charge)
Ans. See theory.
Q. 2. What is SI unit of electric current ? Q.7. What do you mean by the term
Ans. The SI U:rut of electric current is ampere .. resistance ?
Q.3. What do you mean by the term electric. : Ans. The resistance of a condu<;:tor is defined as
potential _difference ? · · the measure of its abil~ty to oppose the
Ans. The electric potential difference between flow of eledric current through itself.
two points in an electric field is defined as 8. What is SI unit of resistance ? Define it.
the work done to move one coul~mb Ans. ohm. One ohm is the resistance of a
positive chai~e from one point to the conductor which allows 1 ampere current
other. to flow through itself .when a potential
Q.4. What is a conductor ? difference of 1 volt is applied across its
Ans. It is a substance which allows the flow of ends.
the electric current through itself e.g. 9. State the factors on which the resistance
Copper, Silver etc. of a conductor deP,ends.
mTCl11l'Is nn

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Experiment 1 Physics

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I EXPERIMENT Jl/!

It is a straight line passing through the origin. I

From thl· g r.--iph, R _ I AH

Re~i~t,1n c(' p0r unit length == 'i = .......... Q crn- 1

Rcs is tnncc per unit length of the given wire = _ __ Q cm- 1

1. Draw the circuit diagrnm before making the connections.

Q.1. What do you mean by the terrri electric

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