01

Consider two functions. f (x) and g (x)

such that.
f (x) = x (I -x ) 'd x e R and g (x) =
2

I I; I,

Discuss
0,
the
x ., O
X=0
continuity and
differentiabilityof f(g (x)) and g (f(x)).

( ~ Reportthequest;on )

Solution
2 =
f (X ) = X (1- X ), g (X)
1, X> 0
0, X=0
{ X< 0
-1,
2
Now, f (g (X)) = g (X ) (1- g (X ))
= o 'd x e R as g (x) = 0, ±1
Hence f (g (x)) is differentiable and
continuous everywhere.
1, f {x ) > O
Now g (f (x)) = 0, f (x ) =0
{ - 1, f (x ) < 0

Clearly f (X) = 0 if x = 0, ±1
f (X ) > 0 if X E (-o?, -1) V (0, 1)
And f (x) < 0 if x e (-1, 0) v (1, Cf)):::::
g (f (X )) =
1, XE (--<1),-1) u (0,1)

0, X = 0,±1
{ XE (-1,Q) u (1,o:>)
-1,
Clearly g (f(x )) is discontinuous and
hence non differentiable at x = 0, ±1

02

Given the fimction f'lx)

1

! ( x - a/ sin--

0
x- a
at x ae a
at x = a
Discuss the differentiability of f'lx) and
f '(x) at x = a.

( ~Reportthe quesHon )

Solution
f(x )
(x - a)2 sin X ;= a
x- a
I 0
2
X= a
1
lim f(x) = ~~h sin h = 0,
( zero x Finite = 0)
2
f'( a)= lim h sin 1/ h - 0 0
h➔O h
So
1
, I 4x-a) sin ___!__
x-;
- a:s - -
(x-a)
Xae c
f(x) =
X=c

Clearly f '(x) is not continuous at x

= a.

03

1
"'
Let f'lx) ={( +x2) I ; 1•

0, X=0
Discuss the continuity and
differentiability of t"(x).

( ~Reportthe quest ion )

Solution

-(1 + X2 ) X < 0
f(X ) = 0 X= 0
2
(1 + X ) X >Q

~ X < -1
0 X=O
~ X >1
Clearly f is not continuous, so nc
differentiable at x = 0.
 04 ,.

(i). Find the set of points where f(x) = tan

[n2]x - tan [-n2]x is coutinuous.

(ii). Find the set of points where f(x) = xo-

1/x/ is n- times differentiable.

( ~ Repon thequestion )

Solution
2
8(i). f(x ) = tan[,r2Jx - tan[-n- )x
⇒ f(x) will be discontinuous at all
those points where tan[,r2Jx and
2
tan[-n- ]x will be discontinuous i.e
discontinuity will be there when
=
x (2n + 1)n- or x (2n + 1ln- =
18 20

1
(ii). f(x ) = xn- /x/
when x > 0, f(x) = x" is n times
differentiable
when x < 0, f(x) = -x" is n times
differentiable

At x =O, lim ~ (-x" ) =-n!

,-.o- dx"
d"
lim - ( x" ) =n!
x ➔o+ dx "
⇒ f is not differentiable at x = o
and differentiable at R- {0}.

05

Let f be a function such that f (xy) = f

(x) f (y) \f x. y E Rand f (I + x) = I + x
(I + g (x)). where lim g (x) = 0 . Find
X➔O

2
f(x) 1
the value of -
1
f
. - - dx.
f'(x) 1 + x 2

( ~Reponthequestion )

Solution

lim f (x + h)- f(x )

f' (X)
h➔ O h

f (x) . t ( 1 + ~ )- f(x)
lim x
h-+O h

. f (X) •f ( 1+ B)- f(x)

⇒ f' (x) = ~~ h

⇒ f' (X)

_ f(x ){1 + N 1+ gGJ)}- f(x )

hm - ~ - - - - - - - -
h➔ o h
⇒ f' (X)

_ f (x){1 + B ( 1+ g( B ))-1}
hm - - - - ' - - - - - - - ~
h-+0 h

⇒ f' (x ) = f(x ) Since as

X
lim g (X) = 0
X ➔O

2 2
f(X ) 1 X
- -dx ⇒ f-dx
f-
f '(x) 1+ x2
1 1
1+ x2

= 21[ log(1 + x ) 1 (5
2]2 =iog12).

06

A fimction f : R ➔ R satisfies the

equatim ftx + y) = ftx) . tty) for all \f
x. y E R Suppose that the fimction is
differentiable at x = 0 and f ' (O)= 2.
Prove that f ' (x) = 2 ftx).

( ~ Repon thequestion )

Solution

We are given that f(x + y) = f(x). f(y)

...(1)

and f'(O) = lim = f (h)- f (O) = 2

h➔O h
.(2)

Now, f ' (x ) = lim f ( x + h)- f (x)

h➔O h

f (x + h)- f ( x + 0)
= lim
h ➔O h
f ( x). f(h ) - f (x) . f (O)
=lim
h➔ O h
f (x) lim f (h) - f (O)
h➔O h
= 2 f(x) [using (2)].
 07

If f (x) is continuous and 1~) ¾. =

1- -
. f(-
then find hm - -) .
cos3x
,➔o x2

~ Report the question

Solution

f(x) is continuous and t(%) =¾

Since lim f ( 1 - cos 3 x)
x ➔o x2
⇒

2 2
lim f ( 2sin 3x/2 ) = f {iim 2sin 3x/ 2 . _9}
x ➔o x2 •➔D 9x2 / 4 4
⇒ f {(2)(1)( ¾)}
2
._. lim ( sin3x/2 ) = 1}
{ X➔O 3X / 2

Since, f rn) = ¾
. f ( 1 - cos 3x ) = -2 .
Therefore, hm
X➔O X2 9

08

Check the differentiability f(x)

X [X - 1] 0 $ X < 1
. [.)
{ [x] (x - 1) 2 :S X < 3

denotes the greatest integer function.

~ Report the question

Solution

0 2 3

LetO ::; x<1 ⇒ -1 ::; x-1<0 ⇒ [x-

1] = - 1
and 1 ::; x < 2 ⇒ O ::; x -1 < 1 ⇒ [x -
1] = 0
:. f(x) =

l
- X , 0 $ X <1
0 , 1 :S X < 2
2 ( x - 1) , 2 :S X < 3
Hence the graph of
f(x), it is dear that
function is
discontinuous at
x =1 and x = 2.
Hence non-
differentiable at x =1
and x = 2.
 09

LC'!f(x) x' - tx' t 22x' - 24x:and

M
'lx-10
rmn 1(1)

Di;cus, rllc coininuity amt

dill:"mntiabilil)' Of~(X) in [-l. "')

Solution

-· Graph of f(x)

f' (x) = 4x 3 - 24x 2 + 44 x - 24

= 4 (x - 1)(x - 2Xx - 3) = O
= x = 1, 2, 3, are critical points
f" (X ) = 4 (3X 2 - 12x + 11 )
> Ofor x = 1
< Oforx=2
> 0for x = 3
f (x ) = - 9at x = 1
=-8atx=2
= - 9at x =3.
g (x) = min f (t) ; x s: t :;: x + 1: - 1
:,; )( :,; 1
= x - 10: x ;::.: 1
g (x) = f(x + 1) - 1 :s; x < a
=f (1) 0s x <1
= x - 10 x~1
g(x) =x• - 4x 3 +4x 2 - 9 - 1
:-:;; )( <: 0
=- 9 0 •
X< 1
:; X- 10 X >

Clearly, g (x ) continuous in [- 1, (:t))

g· (x) = 4x3 - 12x2 + Bx = 4x (x 2 - 3x
+2) - 1 :s; x < 0
=0 0 :S X < 1
=1 x~1
clearly. g (x ) is not differentiable at x
= 1.

10 1111

(i) A real valued funcrion satisfies the

re\ati<11 f(x + y) = ~ Qx) + e· f( y). V x
yo: R. If f(O)= l. find flx).

(ii). lff(x) f(y) + 2 " f (x) + f (y) + f(xy)

and f(l ) = 2. f ( I)= l. !he'll find fl:X)
and show th~t sgn {f(x) } = I.

Solution
(i) f(x+ y)"'e' f(y) • e1 1(x )

.,
puning x•y110, f(0) * 2f(Oi ~ 1(0)

Now. l'(l )=
~~ 1(x - ht f(• ! • )~ e• l (hj •~l (l )----l ( XI

• ~!~-- -i!~L11x)t :tt1- 1•

e • ~ ~ ~ -f lX ). 1

., e' !~f lhf ~ l (Oj _ lt •I " t(0) e'

• l{l ) = e• • f{X )
~ dy • y-e' ~ dy __ y . e'
dx dx
LF ., ,-j•- e •
So9aution is ye·• =
fe' . e 'dlc -c ⇒ y : xe'•ce'
A5y "' 0ii! X"'0,c "' 0, 50y "'Xe'
So, l (X)= l~

{ii) Givenf(X)l(yl •2= f(X)• l()r)•I

(xy) .(1)
f ( 1)"'2
.(2)
r 11J. 2
.(3)
f (X ) ■ ~ f ( x-.-l'ltf(Xj

~ - - ,-
•(·H))-•<•I - .. .. (-4)

ffom 11 ), f(x) 1(1 , : ) •2= 1(x)• I

H1+:•·;II
[PUlling 1 •Mc: in piace d y]

, 1(x11+; 11 = {l(x) -1} f l: 1•~j

• 2-f (xl
Now Imm (-4). t{x) 11
{It • / lf1( 1, 11 ), 2 l{x) f{xl
~ \

·•= {I CX)-1/ t (1) i= (f (X) - 1) . ~

,-.·t (1)= 2]
f'lx ) 2
~-,:
Ji;~\•~ 1dx- J ~dx
⇒ log., (f(x)-1 1 •2 1og x •c

putting x = 1, we getlog., (2-1) : 0 '"

1·:1( 1)* 2]
from (~). log. (f (xJ - 1J=log. x'
-,,, f(ll l -1 =lr --, f (x) : 1 + Jr,-o
sgn (l(x )) =1
 11 ~ 1
' If f (x) be a real valued and differentiable function on

Rand f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y) ,

1- f(x)f(y)
then show that f' (x) = f' (0) [1 + t2 (x)).

~ Report the question

Solution
Putting X = 0, y = 0
⇒ f (0) = f(O) + f(O)
1- [f(0)]2
2
f (0) [(f (0)) + 1) = 0
since [f (0)) ~ -1
2

⇒ f (0) = 0
now putting y = -x
f(0)= f(x) + f(- x)
1 - f(x)f(-x)
f (X) + f (-X) = 0
⇒ f (-X) =- f (X)
now, f (y-x) = f(y) + f(- x)
1- f(- x)f(y)
f(y - x) = f(y) - f(x) x -1-
y- x 1+ f(x)f(y) y - x
taking limit as y ➔ x
. f(y - x) . f(y) - f(x) . 1
I1m - - = 11m --'-'--'----'---'- x 11m - - - -
Y➔• y - X Y➔X y- X y➔x1 + f(X)f(y)

. f(y-x)-f(0) . f(y)-f(x) . 1
I1m - - - - = 11m - - - x 11m - - -
Y➔• y -x Y➔X y -x Y➔•1 + f 2 (x)

f' (0) = f' (X) X --~-

1 + f (x)
⇒ f' (x) = f' (0) [1 + f (x)).

12 Ill
pe1~x+3I -1
-4 < X < -3
2 - e 1/lx+3I '
f (X) = q, =-3

.l
X
4
sin x - 81 ) , -3 < X < 0
x5 +243
Find p, q, if f(x) is continuous at x = - 3

~ Report the question

Solution

pe x. 3 -1
.~~- f(x) = !i~ _,
2 - e•- 3
. p - e" ..3 p - e-
= }~~- 1 = 2e - -1 = -P
2e'• 3 -1
2
lim f(x) - lim sin (x - 3 )(x + 9 )
,➔-J• •➔-r (x - 3x 3 + 9x 2 - 27x + 81)
4

. ( (-6)(18) ) .j-6 x 18) . ( 4)

= Sin 81+81+81+81+81 = Sl, \ 5x81 =sm - 15
f (-3) = q
. 4
-p=q=-sin
15
. 4
p=sm , q =- sm. 4 .
15 15
 13 Ill
maxg(t), 0 $ I $ x; 0 $ X < 3
f (X) =
{ ming(!), X $ t $ 0; - 3 $ X < 0 ,
where g (x) = x + sin x .
Discuss differentiability off (x) in [-3, 3).

~ Report the question

Solution
Since g' (x) = 1 + cos x ⇒ g' (x) ;, O
and g' (x) = 0 'v' x E (2n + 1 )n
⇒ g (x) is always increasing.
Now, max of g (t) 'v' t E (0, x) will always occur at x.
max (g (t)) = g (x) = x + sin x
min (g (t)) 'v' t E [x, OJ will always occur at x
⇒ min (g (t)) = g (x) = x + sin x
⇒ f (X) = X + sin X -3 ,; X ,; 3
Hence f is continuous and differentiable at
each and every point E (-3, 3].

14 Ill
Let f(x) and g(x) be two continuous functions

and h(x) = lim x'" · f(x) + x'm · g(x) . If limit of h(x)

O➔• (x'" +1)
exists at x = 1 then show that equation f( x) - g( x ) =0
has at least one root in the interval (0. 2). where m < n.

~ Report the question

Solution
lim h(x) = lim lim x' " · f (x) + x' m · g(x) g(1)
X➔I X➔] n--'41 (1+x2n)
lim h(x ) = lim lim x'" · f(x) + x'm · g(X) f(1)
X➔f'" 11-+f'" n___, (1 + X2n)
Q limh(x) exists
,➔ ,
⇒ f(1) = 9(1)
⇒ f (x) - g(x) = 0 has a root at x = 1 which lie in (0, 2).
Hence proved.

15 Ill
l(x )

f e' di
Given ~ = 1, 'v x, y e (~ . oo) wtlere f (x) is
f (1 / t) di
'
continuous and differentiable function and

r(¾) = Ug(x) = {::;, : : : < k ; find the

value of 'k' for which f(g(x)) is continuous 'Ix e R· .

~ Report the question

Solution
f (, )

f e' di
Given f (y ) =1
'
f (1/ t ) dt
y

⇒ e 11 ' >- e'(y) = lnx - lny

⇒ e1<•> - In X = C ⇒ f (X) = In (In X + c)

Since f ( ~ ) =O ⇒ c = 2
f(g( x )) = ln(x + 2), x ~k
Now
= ln(2 + x 2 ) ; 0 <x <k
For continuity at x = k,
ln(k + c ) = ln(k 2 + c ) ⇒ either k = O or k = 1
Q k > 0 => k = 1 .
 16 11111

If f : [-1 , 1] ➔ R be a continuous function

satisfying f (2x2 - 1) = (x3 + x) f (x). then prove that
lim f(cosx) = 0 .
x-+0 sin X

~ Report the question

Solution
f (2x2 -1)
= (x' + x)f(x)
replacing x by -x
...... (1)
2 3
f (2x -1) = -{X + X) f (-X) ...... (2)
from (1) and (2). we get
f (-X) = -f (X)
hence f(x) is an odd function and as it is continuous.
⇒f (0) = 0
2
. f(2x - 1) . 2 f
Now, l1m ~-~ = l1m(x + 1) (x)
X ➔O X X-t-0

lim f(x)
x-.0
=0 (f (x) is continuous at x = 0)

⇒ lim f(2x2 - 1) = O
x-.0 X

Let x = sin~
2

. t(
!1!]
2sin2~ - 1)
.
. f (cos a)
= ! ~ - . --= o ...... (3)
8 8
sin - sin -
2 2
⇒ lim f(cos x) = 0 ⇒ lim f(cos x) = 0 .
x-.o 2 sin ~ cos ~ x-.o sin x
2 2
(Using (3))

17 11111

If f(x) is a function satisfying f(x) - f(y) = f!.__ f ( ~ )

Xx yY
v x, yER• and f'(1) = 1, then find f(x).

~ Report the question

Solution

x' ( (x + ht " J
. (x + h),."f --x-,-
f'(x) = lim f (x+ h) - f (x) l1m - - - - - - -
h➔O h h-+0 h
(using given relation)
( __ = 1 h)'+h
as lim -x_+
h➔O Xx

⇒ r(x = ~(r(i~-:~~L)-1(1>)
) h(('x+x~r" )- 1)

( (X +X~rh -1] (as f(1) = 0)

(x + h)'+h ) 1)
((
f '(x) = lim - - ,-
x - f '(1)
h➔O h

. ( 1+ H (x + h)"-1
= ilm~ ~ ~ - - -
h-+0 h
. (1+ h)(x +h}" - 1
= lim - - - - -
h-+0 h
(x + h)" - 1 "
f '(x) = lim----+lim(x + h)
h-+0 h h-0

f'(x) = In x + 1
""f(x) = x In x
 18

pe1~x+31 _ 1
--4 < X < -3
2-e1/lx+31 '
f (x) = q, X = -3
4

sin( :S +- 2~~ } -3 < X < 0

Find p, q, if f(x) is continuous at x = - 3.

~ Report the question

Solution
1
pe >+ 3 -1 . p - e11 >+ 3
lim f(x) = lim _1 = hm -'---,- -
x ➔-3- X➔3 - X ➔r
2 - e•+3 2e >+3 - 1
p-e....,
= 2e...., - 1 = -P
2
lim f(x) = lim sin (x - 3 )(x + 9 )
•➔-3• x➔-J• 4
3 2
(x - 3x +9x - 27x+81)
. ( (-6)(18) ) . ( - 6 x 18)
= Sin 81+81 + 81+81+81 = Sin 5x81
= sin -c:)⇒ f (-3) = q

. 4
-p=q=-sm 15

. 4 . 4
p = sm - , q = - Sin- .
15 15

19 1111

2
Let f(x) = ax +bx+ c , a, b, c e N
1
and f
0
f(x) dx = -
11
6
then find x , y such that

f([x)) f((y)) = 2[x] (y], where [.] denotes the

greatest integer function.

ff?] Repor1 the question

Solution
2
f(x) = ax + bx + c, a, b, c e N

8
3 2
2
Now [(ax +bx+c)dx = ( ; +b; +cxJ[

a b 11 1 1
-+ - +C = - = - +-+ 1
3 2 6 2 3
a- 1 b- 1
⇒ - - + --+C - 1 = 0
3 2
.....(1) but a, b, c e N so a ~ 1 , b ~ 1 and c ~ 1
Hence a - 1 ~ 0 , b - 1 ~ 0, c - 1 ~ 0
i.e. all are non negative.
Hence (1) can hold only when a 1, b = 1, c 1 = =
2
=
Hence f(x) x + x + 1 x (x + 1) + 1 =
=
Now f([x)) [x) ((x] + 1) + 1 even + 1 = odd =
So f((y)) is also odd
Hence f([x)) f([x)) = odd
=
So f([x)) f((y)) 2[x] (y) ⇒ odd even =
So no solution possible.
 20

I 1- 2x 2 1,
Letf(x) [ 2
{ x -2x ] ,
0 $; X < 1
, Discuss the continuity of f(x).
1 $; X < 2

~ Report the quest ion

Solution

(0,2) --------------- f(x)

I 1- 2x 2 I, 0~ X <1
f(x) =
{ [ x2 - 2x] , 1~ x < 2
From the graph obviously f(x) is only
discontinuous at x = 1.

21 Ill

a
3 ( 1+ I tan x I)ltan•I - 1< X< 0
If f (X) = b X= O
6

3 ( 1+ lsi; Xl t"•I X>O

is a continuous function at x = O thus find

the values of a and b .

~ Report the quest ion

Solution
a
3 (1+ I tanx 1)11an, 1 -1< X < 0
f(x) = b X= O
6
(3+ I sinx l)lsin•I X> O
a
2
L.H.L., lim 3 ( 1+ I tan x I)11anxt = 3ea
X➔0-

R.H.L., lim 3 ( 1+ I sinx l ) lsin•I = 3e2

X ➔O- 3
For function to be continuous at x = 0,
3e3 = 3e2 = b
⇒ a = 2, b = 3e .
2
 22 1111

Let f: R ➔ R satisfying lf(x)I ,; (x - 1)2 v x e R then

prove that f(x) is continuous and differentiable at
x = 1. Also find f'(1 ).

~ Report the question

Solution
~(1)1 ,; 0 => 1( 1) = 0
f(1') =~f (1 + h)=O as ~(1+h)l ,; h2
2
1(1°) = ~_']1 (1 - h) =O as I1(1-h)I ,; h
=> f(x) is continuous at x = 1

Now f'( 1•)= lim t( 1+ h) - f( 1) lim f( 1+ h) = 0

h➔O h h-0 h

As 11(1 + h)I ,; h
2
=-1 t)I ,;
11
( lhl

f(1 + h) f (1 + h)
=> (i_']-lhl ,; (i_']-h- ,; (i.r]lhl => (i_']-h- = 0

Similarly f'(1°)= lim f( 1 - h) - f( 1) - lim f( 1- h) = 0

h ➔O -h h➔ O h
Aslf(1 -h)I ,; h2
1
=> lim f( - h) = 0
h-o h
Hence f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 1
Also f'(1 ) = 0.

23 1111

Check the differentiability of function

x" - 1
X
J
g(x) = f(t)dt at x = 1, where f(x) = lim - - .
o IH- OO x" + 1

~ Report the question

Solution

' (t" -1)

lim - - di - lim ( -
lim g(x)-g(1) = lim [11-+~ t" + 1
' " - di
[,_ I" + 1
1
-1)
X ➔1 X- 1 X-+1 X- 1

= lim lim x" - 1

X-+1 n--+mxn + 1

Now L. H. D = -1 and R. H. D = 1.
(Since L.H.D " R. H. D.)
Hence g{x) is not differentiable at x = 1.

24 1111

Let f(x) is differentiable function such that

2 + f(x).f{y) = f(x) + f{y) + f(xy) v x, y E R - (0) and
x"' y. Wf'(1) = - 1 & f(1) = 2, then find the area
bounded by f(x) and x-axis, x = 1 & x = 2.

~ Report the question

Solution
2 + f(x).f(y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) .. (i)
f '(x) = lim f(x + h) - f(x) lim f(x(1 + h i x)) - f(x)
h-0 h h-0 h
= lim 2 + f(x) •f(1 + h i x) - f(x) - f(1 + h i x) - f(x)
h-0 h
= lim f(1 + h i x)(f(x) - 1) - 2(f( x) - 1)
h-0 h
= lim (f(X) - 1)(f(1 + h i X) - 2)
h-0 h
= (f(x) - 1) Iim f( 1 + h i x) - f( 1) (Sincef(1)=2)
h-0 h
-· X
X

f '(x) (f(x) - 1) f '(1)

X

=> xf '(x) + f(x) = 1 => J

d(xf(x)) = dx J
=> xf(x) = x + c since f(1) = 2
2=1+C=>c=1
Hence f(x) = ~
X
Hence area of f(x) & x-axis is
2 2

J~
1 X
dx = [x + ln x] = (1 + ln2) sq. units .
1
 25 1111

Let f(x) be a positive, continuous and differentiable

function on the interval (a, b). If lim f(x ) = 1 ,
X ➔a•

114
lim f(x ) = 3 and f'(x );, f 3 (x) + .....!..._
,➔b- f(X )
7l
then prove that b - a s
24

~ Report the question

Solution
1
Since f'(x) ;, f 3 (x) + - -
f(x)

f(x) f '(x) " f"(x) + 1 or f(x)f'(x) ;, 1

1 + f 4 (x)
on integrating w.r.t x from x = a to b, we get

i(tan-1 (t 2 (xl)): ;, b - a

orb- a s i[J~~- tan-• (t2(x)) - J~-tan-• (t2(x))]

b- as -2:..._
24

26 1111

Find the interval of values of k for which the function

f (x) = Ix' + (k - 1) lxl - kl is non differentiable at five points.

~ Report the question

Solution

f (x) = ix' + (k - 1) IXI - kl

= l(IXI - 1) (IXI + k)I
Also f (x) is an even function and f (x) is not
differentiable at five points. So
l(x - 1) (x + k)I is non differentiable for two
positive values of x.
⇒ Both the roots of (x - 1)(x + k) = 0 are
positive.
⇒ k < O ⇒ k e (-<n, 0).

27 1111

Check the differentiability of the function

f (x) = max {sin-' lsin xi, cos-' lsin xi}.

~ Report the question

Solution
sin-' lsin xi is periodic with period rr

l
7l
x nrr :S x s nrr +-
⇒ sin-' lsin xi =
2
7l
7l - x n7l + s x s nn + 7l
2
Also cos-' lsin xi = ~ - sin-' lsin xi
2

l
7l 7l
X -- X n1t s x 5 nn + -
⇒ f(x)=max ' 2 2
71 7l
7! - X, x - nrr + :s: x s nrr + rr
2 2
7l 7l
2 - x, nrr :S x :S nrr +-
4
7l 7l
X, nrr +- < nrr +-
⇒ f(x)=
4 2
7l 37!
7! - X, nrr +- < x 5 nrr + -
2 4
7l 37!
x - 2 , nrr + - < X 5 nn + rr
4
rr rr 3rr
⇒ f(x)isnotdifferentiableat x=O, , , , n ,.
4 2 4
⇒ f (x) is not differentiable at x = r:1..1'. .
4
 28 1111

Let f be a continuous and differentiable function

in (x, , x,). If f(x).f'(x) ;,, x ✓1-(f(x))' and

lim _(f(x))' = 1 and lim _(f(x))' = .2. for x E(x, , x 2 ) ,

l ➔ X1 11 ➔ 11 2 2
then prove that x,
2
- x2
2
;,, ~ (assume that

!i_l!! f(g(x )) = f~_l!!g(x )/ holds everywhere).

( ~ Report thequestion )

Solution
Given that f(x). f'(x) ;,, x ✓1 - (1(x))'
=> f(x)f '(x) - x ,,
0
=> 2f(x)f'(x) _
2
n 0
✓1-/f(x))' ✓Hr(x))'
=> fx-~in - (f(x)) - x 1 2 2
],, o
=> H(x) = sin- 1(f(x))2 - x2 is a non-decreasing function .
=> lim H(x ) ,;; lim H(x)
x..... x,· 1 ..... x2•

1 2 2 2 2
=> .~~_[sin - (f(x)) - x ] s .~'!!_sin - ' [ (f(x)) - x ]

~ %- x,2 : ; i - x/ ~ x,2- x/ : : . i
29 1111

Letf(x)= 1 + 6x - x2• V x e Rand

maxi(! ); x ,;; t s x + 1, 0 :5 X <4
g(x)=
{ min (x + 3); 4 :5 X :5 6
Discuss the continuity and differentiability of g(x) in (0. 6).

( ~Reportthequestion)

Solution
f (x~s increasing in (- "'· 3) and decreasing in (3, cn )
let x + 1 ,;; 3 or x ,;; 2. in this case greatest value
off (I) in I E [x. x + 1] occurs at right end, namely at t
=X + 1
Now for 3 < x + 1 ,;; 4 , i.e. x e (2, 3]
Greatest value off (t) is 10
For 4 < x + 1 < 5, x e (3, 4)
f (I) decreases in [x. x + 1] and
greatest values off (t) is f (x).

l
f{X + 1), 0 :5 X < 2
1 2 3
here h (x) = O, < x5
f{X ), 3< X<4
7, 4 :5 X :5 6
As min (x + 3) = 7 V x e (4, 6]
2
10 -(X- 2) , 0 :5 X < 2

g(X)=

!
10,
10 - (X - 3)
7,
2

We will check the behaviour of x at the break point.

Function is continuous at all points except at x =
4. Let us now check the differentiability at x = 2, 3.
,
2 < X :5 3
3 < X< 4
4 :5 X :5 6

At x = 2
g· (2 + O) = ~ g(2 + htg{2) = ~i_r;: 10~10 = Q

g' (2 - 0) = limg{2 - h)- g(2) = lim 10 - h' - 10 = 0

h➔ O -h h➔ O - h -
therefore g (x) is differentiable at x = 2
At x = 3
g' (3 - 0) = limg( 3 - h )- g( 3 ) = l i m ~ =O
h➔O - h h➔ O h
g (3 + h) = hm g{3 + h )- 9(3 ) = lim 10 - h' - 10 = 0

It is also differentiable at x = 3
Since g (x) is discontinuous at x = 4 .
. It is non-differentiable also.

30 1111

f (x) = {a + (x - b)2 , lx - bls k

c+ I x - b I, I x - b I> k ·
Find the value of k so that f (x)
becomes differentiable at
x = b - k, b + k and prove that a - c = 24 .

( ~ Reportthequestion )

Solution

f(x ) = 1: : ~x--x~)2, : : : : : s b+k

c + X - b, X > b+k
for f (x ) to be continuous at x = b - k orb+ k
c + k = a+ k2 ... . .. (1)

f' (b _ kf = lim f(b - k - h ) - f(b - k)

h➔ O - h
2
= lim c + b - (b - k - h) - a - (b - k - b)
h➔O - h
c + k + h-a -k 2
= l i m - - - - - lim~=-1
h ➔o - h h ➔O - h
Similarly
(0 k' = C + k - a)

f'(b-k)'= limf(b - k + h) - f(b - k)

h➔ O h
= lima + (h - k)2 - a _ k2 =-2k
h➔ O h
for differentiability f' ((b - k)-) = f' ((b - kt}

=> -2k=-1 => k= _!

2
Also, f' ((b + kn= f' ((b + k)-) => k = ~
From (1), a - c = 2.
4
 31 1111

Let f (x) = 2 + Ix - 11 and g (x) = min f (t)

where x s t ~ x 2 + x + 1. Discuss the continuity and
differentiability of g (x).

~ Report the question

Solution

y=x+1
y=3-x

Case(I)
If X ~ 1
g (x ) = min f (t) where 1 $ x $ t $ x2 + x + 1
⇒ g (x) = f (x) where x ~ 1
=x+1 , x ~ 1
Case(II)
If x2 + x + 1 < 1
⇒ X2 + X < 0 ⇒ X (X + 1) < 0
⇒ xe (-1, 0 )

⇒ g(x)=f(x2+x+1 ) \l xe (-1, 0)
= 3 - x2 - X - 1 = 2 - x 2 -x \;I X E (- 1, 0)
Case(III)
2
lfx < 1 $ x +x+1
2
⇒ x + X :?: 0 ⇒ X (X + 1 ) :?: 0
⇒ x e (- <n, -1) u [O, 1)
=
⇒ g (X ) f (1) 2 =
From all the above three cases
2, XE (--Cl),-1]
2
g (X ) = 2 - X - X, XE (- 1,0)
2, XE [0,1)
1 x + 1,
Clearly it is continuous for all x and
xe[1,CI))

not differentiable at x = 1, 0 and - 1.

32 1111

~ (~)" = f a,x' , show that

1- x r-0

(r + 1) a,., - 2n a, - (r - 1) a,_, = 0, 'I r= 0, 1. 2, .

( ~ Report the question )

Solution
1+ x)" ~ ,
( ~ = ::;;a,x
Differentiating with respect to x
n(1 +xr-• + n(1 +x)" = i:rax•-1
(1 - xr (1 - xr' ,-o '
n oo r n c;,c, r oo r-1
⇒ (1 +x)~a,x + (1 -x)~a,x = ~ra,x

⇒ n(1 - x)Ia, x' + n(1 + x)I a,x ' = (1 - x' }Ira,x•-1

r-0 r-0 r-0
Comparing the co-efficient of x' in both sides, we get
n. Br - na,_, + nar + na,_, = (r + 1) 8r+1 - (r - 1) Sr-1
⇒ 2na,= (r+ 1)a,, 1- (r - 1) a,_,

33 1111

Test the differentiability off (x ) at x = 0, where

f (x) = lx ~::11:
- 1,
r X ,t 0

X= O

~ Report the question

Solution

(-h) e[-h)+l--fll 3
limf(O-h)=lim . -
h....O h ➔O [-h]+ 1-h I
. (-h)e- 1+h -3
=llm----=3
h➔O - 1+h
we are given f (0) = - 1
⇒ f (x) is not continuous at x = 0
⇒ f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
 34

If x E ( 0, ; ) , then show that

~
dx
cos- 1
{
7
2
(1 + cos 2x) + .J(sin2 x - 48 cos 2 x) sin x}

=1+ 7 sin x
.Jsin 2
x - 48 cos 2 x

~I Report the question

Solution

y = cos-•{~ (1 + cos2x) + J(sin' x-48cos' x) sin x}

= cos- {(7cosx)(cosx) + ✓1-49cos x.J1-cos x }

1 2 2

= cos- 1 (cos x) - cos- 1 (7 cos x) (Since cos x < 7 cos x)

= x - cos- 1 (7 cos x)
Now differentiating w.r.t. 'x', we get
=1 + 7 sin x =1 + 7 sin x
✓1-49cos2 x ✓sin 2 x - 48cos2 x