PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO: 2

TPKM MADURAI – 625005

ACADAMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

TOPIC: GOVERNMENT BUDGET 2024-25

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MRS K.MOOKAMMAL(PGT ENGLISH)

SUBMITTED BY:
S SIVA ABISHEIK
XII-B
 CERTIFICATE

this is to certify that S SIVA ABISHEIK of PM SHRI

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO2 MADURAI has completed
his project work of English under the guidance of
Mrs.K.MOOKAMMAL PGT (ENGLISH). To the best of
my knowledge, it is an original piece of work and its
worthy of consideration in partial fulfilment of the
requirement of CBSE.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to my Economics

teacher Mrs. K.MOOKAMMAL PGT(ENGLISH) for her
unrelenting support and valuable guidance at every
step of the project till its successful completion. I am
obliged towards her motivation throughout the
conduct of the project work.

I would like to thank our Principal mam of our school

for providing me with all the resources required for
smooth conduct of my project.

Regards,

S SIVA ABISHEIK
XII-B
 INDEX

Introduction
Reason for Champaran movement
Methods of indigo cultivation
Gandhi's Contributions to Farmers
Champaran’s turning point
Civil disobedience
Farm bill agitation
Champaran satyagraha 1917
Condition of farmers worldwide
Indigo cultivation issues
Technological innovation in farming
Role of NGO supporting farming
Lesson from historical movement
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The Champaran Movement holds a significant
place in the annals of Indian history as it
marked the first mass movement led by
Mahatma Gandhi against the British colonial
rulers. At the heart of this movement was
indigo, a valuable crop exploited by British
planters, which forced Indian farmers into a
cycle of poverty and suffering. Indigo, once
considered a luxurious dye for its deep, rich
blue color, became a symbol of economic
oppression and the trigger for a historic
movement. This document explores the
background, reasons, and pivotal events that
defined the Champaran Movement, Gandhi’s
involvement, and its lasting impact on India’s
freedom struggle

REASON FOR CHAMPARAN

MOVEMENT
The Champaran Movement emerged in
response to the oppressive practices imposed
by British planters in Bihar’s Champaran
district. These planters enforced the Tinkathia
system, where local farmers were compelled
to grow indigo on a portion of their land
regardless of their preferences or the crop’s
profitability. This exploitative system
subjected farmers to debt and left them with
barely enough resources to sustain
themselves. The unfair contracts, high taxes,
and constant pressure on farmers to fulfill
indigo cultivation requirements eventually
pushed them to resist and seek Gandhi’s help
in challenging the British authorities
 Methods of Indigo Cultivation

The process of cultivating indigo was labor-

intensive and required a sequence of carefully
timed steps to produce the dye. Farmers
would first sow indigo seeds, and once the
plants grew to maturity, they would harvest
the leaves. These leaves were then soaked in
vats for fermentation, releasing a substance
that would be oxidized and precipitated into
indigo dye. This process demanded significant
effort and resources from the farmers, who
received minimal compensation and were
often coerced into prioritizing indigo over
food crops, which contributed to food
insecurity and poverty.
 Gandhi's Contributions to
Farmers

Gandhi’s involvement in the Champaran

Movement marked a significant shift in his
activism and his approach to advocating for
justice. Upon arriving in Champaran, Gandhi
observed the deplorable conditions faced by
the farmers under British rule. He employed
nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience
to challenge the oppressive laws. Through
public gatherings, legal interventions, and
organized protests, Gandhi highlighted the
plight of the indigo farmers, bringing the issue
to the national forefront and eventually
securing policy changes that benefited the
farmers.
 Champaran’s Turning Point

The Champaran Movement is considered a

watershed moment in the Indian
independence struggle. It not only marked
the beginning of Gandhi’s leadership in mass
movements but also demonstrated the
effectiveness of nonviolent resistance. The
success of this movement provided a morale
boost to Indian activists and ordinary citizens
alike, inspiring a renewed confidence in their
ability to stand against British rule.
Champaran became a symbol of hope and
empowerment, establishing a framework for
future resistance efforts that would shape the
trajectory of India’s independence movement.
.
Civil Disobedience

One of the significant aspects of the

Champaran Movement was Gandhi’s
application of civil disobedience. Rather than
comply with unjust regulations, Gandhi
encouraged the farmers to resist peacefully,
refusing to adhere to the British demands
without resorting to violence. This strategy of
civil disobedience became a cornerstone of
Gandhi’s philosophy and would later be
utilized in larger movements such as the Non-
Cooperation Movement and the Salt March.
Through civil disobedience, Gandhi
empowered the common people to become
active participants in the struggle for justice
and freedom
 Farm Bill Agitation
The Farm Bill protests of 2020-
2021

Farmers were opposed to changes they felt

would favour large corporations over
smallholders. The government's response and
subsequent repeal showed the power of
farmer unions. Ongoing debates continue
about balancing. Market reforms with
protecting farmers interests. On November 19,
2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared
that the centre had chosen to revoke the three
agriculture laws passed by Parliament in the
year 2020. The farmers are protesting once
more, alleging that the government has failed
to fulfil the promises made in 2020–2021.
Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

He launched the first satyagraha

movement in India in order to fight against
the injustice meted out to the peasants of
Champaran. The novel method of Satyagraha
was to be deployed with great effect in
Champaran and is considered a historically
important rebellion in the Indian freedom
struggle. His emphasis on non-violent
protest inspired numerous agrarian
movements in India. The principles of civil
disobedience and Swaraj are echoed in
modern farmer protests. Gandhi advocated
for rural upliftment, which remains a core
issue in agricultural policies.
 Condition of Farmers

Worldwide

Farmers in developing countries have a hard

time transporting their produce to markets
due to lack of roads, vehicles and money.
They often have to carry their produce from
the farm to local markets on foot or by
bicycle, which can be challenging and time-
consuming. 1 The condition of Indian farmers
is very poor. Around 80% of the farmer's
population consists of those farmers who own
less than 1-hectare land or 1-2 hectare.
Besides, agriculture provides employment to
nearly 50% but still contributes 15% to the
GDP. Climate change, market fluctuations, and
trade policies affect the farmers worldwide.
Developed nations like the USA face problems
of overproduction and subsidy dependencies.
 Indigo Cultivation Issues

They were paid less for indigo, moreover, than

what they could earn for growing rice or other
crops. The ryots often did not earn enough to
pay back the advance payment, and they
easily fell into a cycle of debt and exploitation
The system involved forcing the ryots to
cultivate indigo on their lands, even at the
expense of food crops. The peasants
faced exorbitant rent demands, unfair
contracts, and rigid payment terms. This left
them in a cycle of debt and poverty
 Technological Innovations

in

Farming

There are two basic types of “technological

change” in the agricultural field – “human-
based and machine-based technologies. Apart
from this “technological change” has provided
an emphasis on improving the “quality of
seeds” to improve productivity of crops.
Precision farming uses sensors and data
analytics to optimize crop yield. Drones help
monitor crop health, while AI aids in
predicting weather patterns.
Digital platforms facilitate access to markets
and financial services for small farmers.

Role of NGO’s in

Supporting

Farmers

Advocacy and Policy Support: NGOs often

engage in advocacy efforts to influence
agricultural policies at local, regional, and
national levels. They work towards creating an
empowering environment for sustainable
farming practices by advocating for policies
that support agroecology, land rights, and fair
trade.

Lessons from Historical

Movements

At last the historic farmer's agitation against

the farm laws has resulted in victory. The
movement, which lasted for almost a year and
a half, went through many twists and turns,
ups and downs, achieved a major victory by
getting the laws repealed in the Indian
Parliament. In light of the Modi government’s
attitude towards the farmers and their issues,
which was already evident before but was
becoming increasingly apparent day by day,
farmers continue to raise their voices about
the remaining demands of the agitation.

CONCLUSION

The Champaran Movement and the story of

indigo reflect the complexities of colonial
exploitation and the resilience of India’s
freedom fighters. By leading the farmers of
Champaran, Gandhi not only liberated them
from oppressive practices but also laid the
foundation for a national movement
grounded in nonviolence and civil resistance.
Champaran proved that collective action
could bring about meaningful change, making
it a pivotal moment in India’s path to
independence. The legacy of this movement
endures as a reminder of the power of unity,
courage, and the unyielding spirit of
resistance in the face of injustice.
Indigo and the plight of farmers in colonial
India are emblematic of the larger struggle for
economic independence. The exploitation of
indigo farmers represented a microcosm of
the wider colonial oppression, where
indigenous resources were commandeered to
serve imperial interests. Gandhi’s engagement
in Champaran helped reveal this exploitation
to the world, and his approach in handling the
situation underscored the importance of
empathy and strategic resistance. ...

In conclusion, Champaran stands as a

testament to the possibility of change when
people stand united in their quest for justice.
Gandhi’s nonviolent approach empowered
individuals, inspiring a movement that would
later ripple through the entire nation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.google.com

https://www.chatgpt.ai

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