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10 views

Comprehensive_Exception_Handling_Notes_Class12

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singhsumitfiitian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exception Handling in Python - Comprehensive Notes

What is Exception Handling?

Exception handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors in Python.

Ensures that a program runs smoothly by managing errors without abrupt

termination.

Examples of runtime errors:

- Division by zero

- Accessing an invalid index in a list

- Using incorrect data types

Why is Exception Handling Important?

1. Prevents program crashes.

2. Helps provide user-friendly error messages.

3. Improves program reliability and robustness.

4. Allows the program to recover from errors gracefully.

Types of Errors in Python

1. Syntax Errors:

- Occur when Python cannot interpret the code due to incorrect syntax.

- Example:

print("Hello world" # Missing closing parenthesis

2. Exceptions (Runtime Errors):

- Occur during program execution.

- Example:

num = int("abc") # Raises ValueError


Common Exceptions in Python

ZeroDivisionError: Raised when dividing a number by zero.

ValueError: Raised when an operation receives invalid data.

IndexError: Raised when accessing an index out of range.

KeyError: Raised when a dictionary key does not exist.

TypeError: Raised when performing operations on incompatible types.

FileNotFoundError: Raised when a file is not found.

ImportError: Raised when an import statement fails.

Basic Syntax of Exception Handling

try:

# Code that may raise an exception

except ExceptionType:

# Code to handle the exception

else:

# Code to execute if no exception occurs (optional)

finally:

# Code that executes regardless of an exception (optional)

Detailed Explanation

1. try Block: Contains the code that might raise an exception.

2. except Block: Handles specific exceptions.

3. else Block: Executes if no exception occurs.

4. finally Block: Always executes, whether or not an exception occurs.

Example Code
try:

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

result = 10 / num

print("Result:", result)

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("Error: Cannot divide by zero!")

except ValueError:

print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter a number.")

else:

print("No exceptions occurred!")

finally:

print("Execution complete.")

Raising Exceptions

You can raise exceptions manually using the raise keyword.

Example:

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age < 0:

raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative.")

Handling Multiple Exceptions

Use multiple except blocks or a single block with a tuple of exceptions.

Example:

try:

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

result = 10 / num

except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as e:


print(f"Error occurred: {e}")

Custom Exceptions

You can define your own exception classes by inheriting from the Exception

class.

Example:

class NegativeValueError(Exception):

pass

num = int(input("Enter a positive number: "))

if num < 0:

raise NegativeValueError("Negative values are not allowed.")

Key Points to Remember

- Use try for risky code and except for handling exceptions.

- Always close resources (like files) in the finally block.

- Avoid catching generic exceptions (except Exception) unless necessary.

- Custom exceptions make error handling more meaningful.

Advantages of Exception Handling

1. Error Recovery: Helps the program recover from unexpected situations.

2. Improved Debugging: Makes debugging easier by isolating error-handling

code.

3. User-Friendly Programs: Provides meaningful error messages to users.

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