Quadratic Equations Most Important Questions

CHAPTER – 4
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
FACTORISATION METHODS TO FIND THE SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Steps to find the solution of given quadratic equation by factorisation
 Firstly, write the given quadratic equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
 Find two numbers  and  such that sum of  and  is equal to b and product of  and  is
equal to ac.
 Write the middle term bx as  x   x and factorise it by splitting the middle term and let factors
are (x + p) and (x + q) i.e. ax2 + bx + c = 0  (x + p)(x + q) = 0
 Now equate reach factor to zero and find the values of x.
 These values of x are the required roots/solutions of the given quadratic equation.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Solve the quadratic equation by using factorization method: x2 + 2x – 8 = 0
Solution: x2 + 2x – 8 = 0
 x2 + 4x – 2x – 8 = 0  x(x + 4) – 2(x + 4) = 0
 (x + 4)(x – 2) = 0  x + 4 = 0, x – 2 = 0  x = – 4, 2
Questions for practice

1. Solve the quadratic equation using factorization method: x2 + 7x – 18 = 0
2. Solve the quadratic equation using factorization method: x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
3. Solve the quadratic equation using factorization method: y2 – 4y + 3 = 0
4. Solve the quadratic equation using factorization method: x2 – 21x + 108 = 0
5. Solve the quadratic equation using factorization method: x2 – 11x – 80 = 0
6. Solve the quadratic equation using factorization method: x2 – x – 156 = 0
1 1 1 1
7. Solve the following for x :    .
ab x a b x
1 1 1 1
8. Solve the following for x :   
2a  b  2 x 2a b 2 x
NATURE OF ROOTS
The roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 by quadratic formula are given by
b  b 2  4ac b  D
x 
2a 2a
2
where D = b  4ac is called discriminant. The nature of roots depends upon the value of
discriminant D. There are three cases –
Case – I
When D > 0 i.e. b 2  4ac > 0, then the quadratic equation has two distinct roots.
b  D b  D
i.e. x  and
2a 2a
Case – II
When D = 0, then the quadratic equation has two equal real roots.
b b
i.e. x  and
2a 2a
Case – III
When D < 0 then there is no real roots exist.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x2 – 4x + 3 = 0, and hence find the nature of
its roots.
Solution : The given equation is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a = 2, b = – 4 and c = 3.
Therefore, the discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – (4 × 2 × 3) = 16 – 24 = – 8 < 0
So, the given equation has no real roots.
Questions for Practice

1. Find the discriminant and the nature of the roots of quadratic equation: 3 3 x2 + 10x + 3 = 0.
2. Find discriminant and the nature of the roots of quadratic equation: 4x2 – 2x2 + 3 = 0.
3. Find discriminant and the nature of the roots of quadratic equation: 4x2 – 12x + 9 = 0.
4. Find discriminant and the nature of the roots of quadratic equation: 5x2 + 5x + 6 = 0.
5. Write the nature of roots of quadratic equation 4x2 + 4 3 x + 3 = 0.
6. Write the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 9x2 – 6x – 2 = 0.
7. Write the nature of roots of quadratic equation : 4x2 + 6x + 3 = 0
8. The roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 are real and unequal. What is value of D?
9. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 has equal roots, what is the value of c?
QUADRATIC FORMULA METHOD

Steps to find the solution of given quadratic equation by quadratic formula method:
 Firstly, write the given quadratic equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
 Write the values of a, b and c by comparing the given equation with standard form.
 Find discriminant D = b2 – 4ac. If value of D is negative, then is no real solution i.e. solution
does not exist. If value of D  0, then solution exists follow the next step.
b  D
 Put the value of a, b and D in quadratic formula x  and get the required
2a
roots/solutions.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Solve the quadratic equation by using quadratic formula: x2 + x – 6 = 0
Solution: Here, a = 1, b = 1, c = –6
 D = b2 – 4ac = 1 – 4(1)( –6) = 1 + 24 = 25 > 0
b  D 1  25 1  5 1  5 1  5 6 4
Now, x    x or x or  x  3 or 2
2a 2(1) 2 2 2 2 2
Questions for practice
1. Solve the quadratic equation by using quadratic formula: x2 – 7x + 18 = 0
2. Solve the quadratic equation by using quadratic formula: x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
3. Solve the quadratic equation by using quadratic formula: y2 + 4y + 3 = 0
4. Solve the quadratic equation by using quadratic formula: x2 + 11x – 80 = 0
5. Solve the quadratic equation by using quadratic formula: x2 + x – 156 = 0
6. Solve for x by using quadratic formula : 9x2 – 9(a + b)x + (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) = 0.
MCQ QUESTIONS (1 mark)
1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

2
(a) x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3 (b) –2x2 = (5 – x)(2x – )
5
3
(c) (k + 1)x2 + x = 7, where k  1 (d) x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3.
2
2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

(a) 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1 (b) 2x – x2 = x2 + 5
(c) ( 2 x  3) 2  x 2  3 x 2  5 x (d) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3.
5
3. If is a root of the equation x2 + kx – = 0, then the value of k is
4
1 1
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) (d)
4 2
4. Which of the following equations has the sum of its roots as 3?

(a) 2x2 – 3x + 6 = 0 (b) –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0
3
(c) 2 x 2  x  1  0 (d) 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
2
5. Values of k for which the quadratic equation 2x2 – kx + k = 0 has equal roots is
(a) 0 only (b) 4 (c) 8 only (d) 0, 8
6. Which constant must be added and subtracted to solve the quadratic equation
3
9x2 + x – 2 = 0 by the method of completing the square?
4
1 1 1 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 64 4 64
7. The quadratic equation 2x2 – 5x + 1 = 0 has

(a) two distinct real roots (b) two equal real roots
(c) no real roots (d) more than 2 real roots
8. Which of the following equations has two distinct real roots?

9
(a) 2x2 – 3 2 x + = 0 (b) x2 + x – 5 = 0
4
2
(c) x + 3x + 2 2 = 0 (d) 5x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
9. Which of the following equations has no real roots?

(a) x2 – 4x + 3 2 = 0 (b) x2 + 4x – 3 2 = 0
(c) x2 – 4x – 3 2 = 0 (d) 3x2 + 4 3 x + 4 = 0
10. (x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0 has

(a) four real roots (b) two real roots
(c) no real roots (d) one real root.
11. If 2 is the root of the equation x2 + bx + 12 = 0 and the equation x2 + bx + q = 0 has equal roots
then q =
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) –8 (d) –16
12. If the equation (a2 + b2)x2 – 2(ac + bd)x + c2 + d2 = 0 has equal roots then
(a) ab = cd (b) ad = bc (c) ad = bc (d) ab = cd
13. If a and b can take values 1, 2, 3, 4. Then the number of the equations of the form ax2+ bx + c =
0 having real roots is
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 12
14. The number of quadratic equations having real roots and which do not change by squaring their
roots is
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
15. If one of the roots of the quadratic equation (k2 + 4)x2 + 13x + 4k is reciprocal of the other then k
=
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) – 2
1 1
16. If  ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation 4x2 + 3x + 7 = 0, then 
 
7 7 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 7 7
17. If  ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – p(x + 1) – c = 0, then (  1)(   1) =
(a) c – 1 (b) 1 – c (c) c (d) 1 + c
18. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 has real equal roots.
(a) 2 6 (b) 2 6 (c) 0 (d) 2
19. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation kx(x – 3) + 9 = 0 has real equal roots.
(a) k = 0 or k = 4 (b) k = 1 or k = 4 (c) k = –3 or k = 3 (d) k = –4 or k = 4
20. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation 4x2 – 3kx + 1 = 0 has real and equal roots.
4 2
(a)  (b)  (c) 2 (d) none of these
3 3
21. The value of k for which equation 9x2 + 8xk + 8 = 0 has equal roots is:
(a) only 3 (b) only –3 (c) 3 (d) 9
22. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

3 5 1
(a) x   4 (b) 3x   x 2 (c) x   3 (d) x 2  3  4 x 2  4 x
x x x
23. Which of the following is a solution of the quadratic equation 2x2 + x – 6 = 0?

3
(a) x = 2 (b) x = –12 (c) x = (d) x = –3
2
24. The value of k for which x = –2 is a root of the quadratic equation kx2 + x – 6 = 0
3
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) –
2
25. The value of p so that the quadratics equation x2 + 5px + 16 = 0 has no real root, is
8 8 8
(a) p>8 (b) p<5 (c) x (d) x0
5 5 5
26. If px2 + 3 w + q = 0 has two roots x = –1 and x = –2, the value of q – p is
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) 2
27. The common root of the quadratic equation x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 and 2x2 – 5x + 2 = 0 is:
1
(a) x = 2 (b) x = –2 (c) x = (d) x = 1
2
 1
28. If x2 – 5x + 1 = 0, the value of  x   is:
 x
(a) –5 (b) –2 (c) 5 (d) 3
10
29. If a – 3 = , the value of a are
a
(a) –5, 2 (b) 5, –2 (c) 5, 2 (d) 5, 0
30. If the roots of the quadratic equation kx2 + (a + b)x + ab = 0 are (–1, –b), the value of k is:
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) 2
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CHAPTER – 4

Questions for practice

Questions for Practice

QUADRATIC FORMULA METHOD

1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

4. Which of the following equations has the sum of its roots as 3?

7. The quadratic equation 2x2 – 5x + 1 = 0 has

8. Which of the following equations has two distinct real roots?

9. Which of the following equations has no real roots?

10. (x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0 has

22. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

23. Which of the following is a solution of the quadratic equation 2x2 + x – 6 = 0?

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